Vi har i detta kandidatarbete gjort en deltagande observation på en hemsida där sexuella tjänster annonseras ut. På hemsidan finns det ett forum där sexköpare och sexsäljare diskuterar sina tankar om sex och köp av sexuella tjänster. Ofta uttrycker sig sexköparna som om de vore offer i sexbranschen och inte kan hjälpa att de har en stark sexualdrift. De skyller på att det så länge det finns ett utbud av sexuella tjänster, kommer att finnas en efterfrågan på att köpa sexuella tjänster. Vi har också lagt märke till att det finns en acceptans hos sexköparna när det gäller när det gäller personer som skaffar sig en tillfällig sexuell förbindelse mot ersättning och att kåta okontrollerade män ofta håller varandra om ryggen.I motsats till sexköparna anser vi att så länge det finns en efterfrågan på köp av sexuella tjänster kommer också marknaden för sexuell trafficking att finnas. Detta eftersom många som är offer för sexuell trafficking annonseras ut som om att de säljs av fri vilja. Av den anledningen kommer vi i detta kandidatarbete problematisera kring kring sexuell trafficking som en konsekvens av sexköparens handlingar. Vi vill som medieproducenter, genom bilder, belysa sexköparens ansvar samtidigt som vi synliggör samhällsproblemet sexuell trafficking med hjälp av provokativ nätaktivism. / In this bachelor essay we´ve made an participant observation on a website where sexual services are for sale. This website contains a forum where sexbuyers and sexsellers discuss their thoughts about sex and purchase of sexual services. Sexbuyers often express themselves as victims because of their own extreme sexual cravings. They argue that as long as there is sexual services for sale, there is going to be a demand to buy them. We notice that there is an acceptance for sexbuyers to have an temporary sexual relation in exchange for money. We notice in our studies that these so called “intemperated horny men” tend to protect one another.We consider, in contrast to the sexbuyers, that as long as there is an existing “craving” for sexual services, the phenomenon of sexual trafficking will continue. Much because many victims of sexual trafficking are being sold as if it was by their own free will. Because of this, we will in this bachelor essay problematize sexual trafficking as a consequence of sexbuyers actions.We as mediaproducers would like to, through pictures, shed light on the consequences of sexual trafficking and at the same time emphasize this through provocative internet activism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Miyasaki.pdf: 314698 bytes, checksum: 1d8bbeb1da7a5e1f383fc57d9361d819 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Aimed to study the relationship of testicular volume with serum testosterone level and body growth in Brahman cattle from 8 to 18 months of age, during the weaning period, kept at pasture in collective weight gain. Cattle (n = 40) aged 259.76 ± 26.15 days and weight of 239.71 ± 33.94 kg , were evaluated every 56 days during 294 days, totaling six measurements for body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), thoracic perimeter (PT), body height (HC), body length (BL), body mass index (BMI), right testicular length (RTL) and left (LTL), right testicular height (RTH) and left (LTH), daily weight gain (DWG), testicular volume (TV) and serum testosterone (T). Was used analysis of variance followed by Tukey 5%. Correlations employed the method of Pearson. There were higher (P < 0.05) the third harvest (12.85 ± 0.87 months) in front for GMD x T. and higher ratings (P < 0.05) for BW, SC, EN, HC, BL, BMI, RTL, LTL, RTH, LTH and TV were obtained from the fourth harvest (14.72 ± 0.87 months). There was a correlation between T = 0.38 x PT (P <0.01); HC x T = 0.38 (P<0.01); HTD x T = 0.23 (P<0.05); HTE x T = 0.21 (P<0.01) and T x VT = 0.22 (P < 0.008). It is suggested to use the calculation of testicular volume in breeding soundness evaluation of young bulls, whose significant increase of the same may serve as a parameter for estimating the rapid increase in testosterone production, which was present at about 3.7 months before detection of a significant increase in testicular volume. / Objetivou-se estudar a relação do volume testicular com o nível sérico de testosterona e crescimento corporal em bovinos da raça Brahman dos oito aos 18 meses de idade, no período da desmama ao sobreano, mantidos à pasto em prova coletiva de ganho de peso. Os bovinos (n=40) com idade de 259,76±26,15 dias e peso de 239,71±33,94 kg, foram avaliados a cada 56 dias, durante 294 dias, totalizando seis colheitas para peso corpóreo (PC), circunferência escrotal (CE), perímetro torácico (PT), altura de cernelha (HC), comprimento corporal (CC), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), comprimento testicular direito (CTD) e esquerdo (CTE), altura testicular direito (HTD) e esquerdo (HTE), ganho médio diário de peso corpóreo (GMD), volume testicular (VT) e níveis séricos de testosterona (T). Utilizou-se a análise de variância, seguida por Tukey a 5%. Para as correlações empregou-se o método de Pearson. Houve superioridade (P<0,05) da terceira colheita (12,85 ± 0,87 meses de idade) em diante para GMD e T. Médias superiores (P<0,05) para PC, CE, PT, HC, CC, IMC, CTD, CTE, HTD, HTE e VT foram obtidas a partir da quarta colheita (14,72 ± 0,87 meses de idade). Houve correlações entre T x PT=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HC=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HTD=0,23 (P<0,05); T x HTE=0,21 (P<0,01) e T x VT=0,22 (P<0,008). Sugere-se a adoção do cálculo do volume testicular na avaliação andrológica de tourinhos jovens, cuja elevação significativa do mesmo pode servir como parâmetro para estimar o rápido aumento da produção de testosterona, a qual se fez presente por volta de 3,7 meses antes da detecção do significativo aumento do volume testicular.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Miyasaki.pdf: 314698 bytes, checksum: 1d8bbeb1da7a5e1f383fc57d9361d819 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Aimed to study the relationship of testicular volume with serum testosterone level and body growth in Brahman cattle from 8 to 18 months of age, during the weaning period, kept at pasture in collective weight gain. Cattle (n = 40) aged 259.76 ± 26.15 days and weight of 239.71 ± 33.94 kg , were evaluated every 56 days during 294 days, totaling six measurements for body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), thoracic perimeter (PT), body height (HC), body length (BL), body mass index (BMI), right testicular length (RTL) and left (LTL), right testicular height (RTH) and left (LTH), daily weight gain (DWG), testicular volume (TV) and serum testosterone (T). Was used analysis of variance followed by Tukey 5%. Correlations employed the method of Pearson. There were higher (P < 0.05) the third harvest (12.85 ± 0.87 months) in front for GMD x T. and higher ratings (P < 0.05) for BW, SC, EN, HC, BL, BMI, RTL, LTL, RTH, LTH and TV were obtained from the fourth harvest (14.72 ± 0.87 months). There was a correlation between T = 0.38 x PT (P <0.01); HC x T = 0.38 (P<0.01); HTD x T = 0.23 (P<0.05); HTE x T = 0.21 (P<0.01) and T x VT = 0.22 (P < 0.008). It is suggested to use the calculation of testicular volume in breeding soundness evaluation of young bulls, whose significant increase of the same may serve as a parameter for estimating the rapid increase in testosterone production, which was present at about 3.7 months before detection of a significant increase in testicular volume. / Objetivou-se estudar a relação do volume testicular com o nível sérico de testosterona e crescimento corporal em bovinos da raça Brahman dos oito aos 18 meses de idade, no período da desmama ao sobreano, mantidos à pasto em prova coletiva de ganho de peso. Os bovinos (n=40) com idade de 259,76±26,15 dias e peso de 239,71±33,94 kg, foram avaliados a cada 56 dias, durante 294 dias, totalizando seis colheitas para peso corpóreo (PC), circunferência escrotal (CE), perímetro torácico (PT), altura de cernelha (HC), comprimento corporal (CC), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), comprimento testicular direito (CTD) e esquerdo (CTE), altura testicular direito (HTD) e esquerdo (HTE), ganho médio diário de peso corpóreo (GMD), volume testicular (VT) e níveis séricos de testosterona (T). Utilizou-se a análise de variância, seguida por Tukey a 5%. Para as correlações empregou-se o método de Pearson. Houve superioridade (P<0,05) da terceira colheita (12,85 ± 0,87 meses de idade) em diante para GMD e T. Médias superiores (P<0,05) para PC, CE, PT, HC, CC, IMC, CTD, CTE, HTD, HTE e VT foram obtidas a partir da quarta colheita (14,72 ± 0,87 meses de idade). Houve correlações entre T x PT=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HC=0,38 (P<0,01); T x HTD=0,23 (P<0,05); T x HTE=0,21 (P<0,01) e T x VT=0,22 (P<0,008). Sugere-se a adoção do cálculo do volume testicular na avaliação andrológica de tourinhos jovens, cuja elevação significativa do mesmo pode servir como parâmetro para estimar o rápido aumento da produção de testosterona, a qual se fez presente por volta de 3,7 meses antes da detecção do significativo aumento do volume testicular.

The ideas of Mexican Machismo have been crystallized in the image of the Macho, a virile man who represents the ideals of masculinity in a determined time and space. This work aims to examine how four Mexican Novels (Juan Rulfo’s Pedro Páramo, Elena Garro’s Los Recuerdos del Porvenir, Yuri Herrera’s Trabajos del Reino, and Fernanda Melchor’s Temporada de huracanes) present their unique macho ideals, and how the male characters fail to fulfill them. Through a textual examination of the four novels, this work asks: how is a macho image formed in each pair of novels? And most importantly how do male characters react when they are unable to uphold the masculine values? Chapter one examines Juan Rulfo’s and Elena Garro’s novels, focusing on the downfall of the machos due to the loss of a loved woman, and the strategies the men use to control their towns. Chapter two analyzes Yuri Herrera’s and Fernanda Melchor’s novels, explaining how masculinity is tied to a social performance, and how the machos lose the approval of their group. Chapter three deals with the reaffirmation of power through isolation of female characters and the concept of emasculation as a social and psychological phenomenon. Emasculation, this work strives to prove, is a key element in the four novels, uniting the texts through the social disgrace of a man who does not perform as expected.

Inom byggproduktion kan bristande arbetsmiljö och utvecklingsmöjligheter för kvinnor leda till att värdefull kompetens går förlorad. Det har uppmärksammats att byggbranschen präglas av en föråldrad manskultur.Byggbranschen är överlag en mansdominerad bransch och framförallt är könsfördelningen mest ojämn i byggproduktion där det är brist på kvinnor. De kvinnor som arbetar i byggproduktion väljer ofta efter ett par år att lämna sin roll för en annan i byggbranschen.I detta arbete är ambitionen att genom enkätundersökningar kartlägga hur kvinnor upplever och har upplevt sitt arbete inom byggproduktion. Därigenom är förhoppningen att kunna utläsa faktorer och mönster som vidare kan användas av branschen för att kunna göra riktade insatser i frågan att locka och behålla fler kvinnor i byggproduktion.Arbetet har till viss del skrivits tillsammans med byggföretaget NCC building Örebro/Värmland. Genom arbetets resultat vill NCC kunna jämföra sig och bedöma hur långt i utvecklingen de som företag har kommit i jämställdhetsfrågan gentemot resten av branschen.För att hitta svar till arbetets frågeställningar har dels en litteraturstudie gjorts samt enkätundersökningar som skickats ut till både kvinnor och män med olika roller inom byggproduktion. Upplägget på enkäten var blandat med frågor där respondenterna hade möjlighet att svara med olika svarsalternativ eller en fritextruta. Enkäterna skickades ut till kvinnor anställda på NCC Örebro/Värmland samt till kvinnor i branschen på blandade arbetsplatser och orter runt om Sverige. Det skickades även ut enkäter till en grupp män på NCC Örebro/Värmland för att kunna göra jämförelser på likvärdiga frågor som ställdes både till kvinnorna och männen.Resultatet indikerar på att kvinnor i byggproduktion många gånger inte har samma förutsättningar som män. Vid jämförelse av kvinnor anställda på NCC Örebro/Värmland och övriga kvinnor med erfarenhet inom byggproduktion ses små procentuella skillnader i vissa frågor som indikerar på att NCC har en mer välmående arbetsplats för kvinnor. / A lack of work environment and development opportunities for women in the construction production sector might lead to loss of valuable skills. It has been noted that the construction production is imprinted by an older maleculture. The construction industry is generally a male dominated industry and the gender distribution is most uneven within the construction production where there is a shortage of women.Women who work in construction production often choose to leave their role for another within the industry after a couple of years. The ambition with this study is through surveys map how women experience and have experienced their work in construction production. The goal is to find factors and patterns that later on can be used by the construction industry in effort on the matter of attracting and retaining more women in construction production. This essay has partially been written with the construction company NCC Building Örebro/Värmland. Through the results of this essay, NCC wants to be able to compare and weigh up how far they as a company have come in the gender equality issues compared to the rest of the construction production sector. In order to find answers to the essays questions a literature study and data collection was done. Multiple surveys were sent out to both women and men with different roles in the construction production. The respondents had the opportunity to answer with different alternatives and in some of the questions write comments. The surveys were sent out to women employed at NCC Örebro/värmland and to women in the industry at different workplaces and locations around Sweden. A survey was also sent out to a group of men at NCC Örebro/Värmland in order to make a comparison on equivalent questions that were asked both to women and men. The results indicate that women in the construction production do not always have the same possibilities as men. When a comparison was carried out between women at NCC Örebro/Värmland and other women with experience in the construction industry it shows a small percentage difference in certain matters that NCC has a more prosperous workplace for women.Keywords:

In the construction industry today, there is a big demand of new recruits. One effective way of reaching new recruits is to consider other candidates than the majority which today populates the construction industry – men. Meanwhile women face a lot of obstacles in the industry as a consequence of the macho culture. Managers play an important role in the wellbeing of their employees and for the company culture. The study’s purpose is to research if managers in Sweden can influence women to staying in the construction industry by answering two research questions: (1) How can management support female employees to make them want to stay in the construction industry? (2) What support and tools do management need from their organisations to ensure the wellbeing and workplace satisfaction of their female employees?   A qualitative research approach was conducted and women working at construction sites, their managers, and human resources-personnel were interviewed. In total 12 interviewees were participating in semi-structured and in-depth interviews and a minimum of three interviewees came from the same company. In total three companies were included in the study. A thematic analysis was applied to the collected data and three overarching themes were identified.  The most important findings of the study have been: (1) Manager’s knowledge versus managers understanding of the obstacles women face in the construction industry. (2) Managers sharing the opinion of the equality issue progressing organically. And (3) that the conflict per se is not as important as how the conflict is being managed. To give women in the construction industry the right support to want to stay in the industry mangers need to develop a deeper understanding for women’s challenges in the industry, develop their conflict management, take a clear stance in their own role in the progression of the equality issue of the industry, and take proactive actions. The identified support managers need from their organizations is educations to understand the challenges women face in the construction industry and clear and standardized communication flow between employees and different level managers support. Furthermore, they need support from human resources-personnel to minimize the risk of recruiting women on the premises them being able to withstand the current culture in the industry, which today is fuelling the macho culture.

No description available.

Sotalia fluviatilis é o único Delphinidae que ocorre em água doce, sendo endêmico da região amazônica. É considerada pela IUCN como espécie insuficientemente conhecida (dados deficientes), estando incluída no Apêndice I da CITES como espécie ameaçada de extinção. Atualmente, vem sendo alvo de caça ilegal para utilização como isca na pesca de um bagre, conhecido como piracatinga. Sendo assim, toda medida para melhor compreensão da biologia desta espécie é de suma importância para assegurar medidas eficazes de conservação no futuro. Neste trabalho foi realizada a descrição morfológica dos órgãos genitais masculinos do tucuxi, através de analises de amostras provenientes dos acervos do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e do Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Estas foram analisadas através de técnicas macroscópicas, de microscopia óptica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os órgãos genitais masculinos do tucuxi são compreendidos por grandes testículos e epidídimos típicos, presos à cavidade abdominal pelo mesórquio. Os ductos deferentes são convolutos nas regiões proximais e retos nas suas poções distais, possuindo um pequeno útero masculino entre eles. A próstata é pequena e compacta, coberta pelo músculo compressor da próstata, e envolve toda a uretra pélvica. O pênis é fibroelástico, possuindo uma flexura sigmóide em espiral e a extremidade livre afilada. Os pilares do pênis estão inseridos em pequenos ossos pélvicos, sendo que associados à raiz do pênis estão os músculos isquiocavernoso, bulboesponjoso e retrator do pênis. Em geral, a estrutura macro e microscópica, a localização e a função destes órgãos é semelhante à outras espécies da Ordem Cetacea, com exceção de alguns detalhes. / Sotalia fluviatilis is endemic in Amazon region and the only Delphinidae living in freshwater. It is considered by IUCN as an insufficiently known specie (deficient data) and is included in CITES Appendices I as a threatened specie. Additionally, this species is currently hunted and used as bait for fishing practices of a catfish called piracatinga. Thus, all efforts directed toward understanding the biology of this animal are important and may help to implement future conservation strategies. In the present study, samples of males tucuxi\'s genital organs provided by Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá and Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia were analyzed by gross and microscopic techniques and by scanning electron microscopy. The male tucuxi\'s genital organs are represented by big testes and a typical epididymis that is adhered to the abdominal cavity wall by the mesorchium. The ductus deferens are convoluted in the proximal region and straight in the distal portion, and a small uterus masculinus is located between them. The prostata is small, compact, covered by the prostate compressor muscle, and totally involves the pelvic urethra. The penis is fibroelastic and characterized by a spiral sigmoid flexure that ends in a tapering cone. The crura are inserted on small pelvic bones, and the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and retractor penis muscles are associated to the base of the penis. In general, the structure, location and function of these organs are similar to other Cetacea species, except about some details.

Svensk hiphop är en växande genre som kan tolkas ha koppling till socialt utsatta ytterstadsområden. Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att kartlägga och analysera innehållet i utvalda svenska hiphoplåtar. I studien analyserades svenska hiphoptexter i form av två delstudier. Den första bestod av en översikt av 100 hiphoplåtar för att kartlägga olika temans förekomst, och den andra delstudien var en fördjupad analys av tio låtar. Empirin analyserades med stöd av tidigare forskning och begreppen territoriell stigmatisering, machokultur och varumärkesbyggande. Resultatet från studien visar att det finns drag av territoriell stigmatisering och machokultur i låtarna, likväl som ett varumärkesbyggande gällande förorten. Studien skulle kunna förstås ge viss inblick i de tematiska drag som återfinns inom svensk hiphop. Diskussion fördes bland annat kring vilka möjliga konsekvenser hiphoptexter kan ha för de unga män som lyssnar på denna typ av musik. / Swedish hip hop is a growing genre that can be understood to be connected with socially stigmatized areas. The purpose of this work is to map out and analyze the content of chosen Swedish hip hop songs. In the study Swedish hip hop lyrics were analyzed in two parts. The first one was an outline of 100 hip hop songs in order to map out the occurrence of different themes, and the second one was an in-depth analysis of ten songs. The material were analyzed with help of previous research and the theoretical concepts territorial stigmatization, macho culture and branding. The result of the study shows that there’s aspects of territorial stigmatization and macho culture within the songs, as well as branding regarding the Projects. The study can be understood to give some insight through the thematic features that can be found within Swedish hip hop. Among other things the possible consequences for the young men listening to this type of music were discussed.

A linhagem tsl (temperature sensitive lethal) - Vienna 8 da espécie Ceratitis capitata, por apresentar mutações que facilitam a criação e a liberação de apenas machos estéreis no campo, vem sendo utilizada em programas de controle da mosca-do-mediterrâneo com o uso da técnica do inseto estéril. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose de radiação gama que proporciona o maior índice de esterilidade para machos da espécie C. capitata - linhagem tsl Vienna 8, avaliando seus parâmetros biológicos que indicam a qualidade dos machos estéreis a serem liberados. Pupas marrons (machos) da linhagem tsl, provenientes da criação do laboratório de Irradiação de Alimentos e Radioentomologia do CENA/USP, foram submetidas à radiação gama (60Co) 24 horas antes da emergência nas doses de 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 Gy. A determinação da dose esterilizante foi baseada na fertilidade de fêmeas sexualmente maduras, da linhagem bissexual e não irradiadas, acasaladas com machos dos diferentes tratamentos. A coleta dos ovos foi realizada diariamente por 6 dias, sendo possível contabilizar e estimar a fecundidade, e obter a taxa de eclosão. A determinação da porcentagem de emergência e da capacidade de voo seguiram o protocolo de controle de qualidade do manual da FAO/IAEA/USDA (2003). Para avaliar a longevidade sob estresse nutricional, os insetos ficaram um período de 48h após a emergência na ausência de água e alimento, e após este período, a mortalidade foi registrada. O tamanho dos testículos (esquerdo e direito) foi obtido ao dissecar machos irradiados e não-irradiados no 8o dia de vida, e mensurar os testículos em uma ocular micrométrica, considerando os maiores comprimento e largura de cada amostra. Para determinar o número de espermatozoides foi necessário dissecar os machos e romper seus testículos. Não houve diferença na taxa de emergência, capacidade de voo e longevidade entre machos irradiados e não-irradiados, e nem na fecundidade das fêmeas acasaladas com os machos dos diferentes tratamentos. A dose esterilizante que resultou na menor fertilidade das fêmeas foi de 120 Gy, com 1,5% de eclosão. Considerando os parâmetros de porcentagem de emergência, capacidade de vôo, longevidade sob estresse, e a esterilidade recomendada para a técnica do inseto estéril que consiste em, aproximadamente, 99% dos ovos serem inviáveis, a dose esterilizante a ser utilizada é a de 120 Gy. O tamanho dos testículos e o número de espermatozoides foram afetados pela radiação, havendo diferença entre os tratamentos. Os machos irradiados com 120 Gy apresentaram uma redução de cerca de 25% no tamanho dos testículos, comparando com os do controle (0 Gy). Os testículos dos machos normais continham uma média de 41910 espermatozoides, e esse valor foi decrescendo ao aumentar a dose de radiação, de maneira que machos irradiados com 120 Gy tinham um número médio de 27921 espermatozoides, e isto, possibilita a recomendação do uso de macho transgênico para controle de C. capitata / The Vienna-8, tsl (temperature sensitive lethal) strain of Ceratitis capitata, by presenting mutations that facilitate the mass rearing and release only of sterile males in the field, has been used in medfly SIT (Sterile Insect Technique) programmes. The objective of this study was to determine the radiation dose that provides the highest level of sterility for Vienna-8, tsl males assessing their biological parameters that indicate the quality of sterile males to be released. Brown pupae (males) of the tsl strain were obtained from the mass rearing of the Food Irradiation and Radioentomologia laboratory of CENA/USP, and they were irradiated (with gamma radiation - 60Co) 24 hours before the emergence at rates of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 Gy. The determination of the sterilizing dose was based on fertility of sexually mature females of the bisexual strain and not irradiated, mated with males of different treatments. Eggs were collected daily during 6 days, were counted and it was possible to estimate fecundity, and assess the hatching rate. The emergence and flight ability were determined by following the protocol of quality control manual for FAO/IAEA/USDA (2003). To assess the longevity under nutritional stress, the insects were kept a period of 48 h after emergence in the absence of water and food, and after this period, mortality was recorded. The size of the testes (left and right) was obtained by dissecting irradiated and non-irradiated males at the eighth day of life, and measure the testes in an ocular micrometer, considering the maximum length and width of each sample. To determine the sperm number was necessary to dissect the males and break their testicles. No difference was observed in emergence rate, flight ability and longevity of irradiated and non-irradiated males, nor in the fecundity of females mated with males of different treatments. The sterilizing dose that resulted in lower fertility of females was 120 Gy, with 1.5% hatching. Considering the parameters of emergence, flight ability, longevity under stress and sterility recommended for the sterile insect technique which consists of approximately 99%, the sterilizing dose to be used is 120 Gy. The size of the testes and the sperm number were affected by radiation. Males irradiated with 120 Gy presented a reduction about 25% in size of the testes, compared with the control (0 Gy). The testes of normal males contained an average of 41.910 sperm, and this value was decreased by increasing the dose of radiation, so that males irradiated with 120 Gy had a median of 27.921 sperm, and this allowed to recommend the use of GM male to control C. capitata