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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
601

Assessing the role of native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Cameroon soil as bio-inoculant in improving plant growth

Tchuisseu Tchakounte, Gylaine Vanissa 10 March 2021 (has links)
Der Mangel an Nährstoffen im Boden, hauptsächlich an Phosphor (P) und Stickstoff (N), verbunden mit einem hohen Salzgehalt und der generellen Verarmung landwirtschaftlicher Böden , sind ein ernstes Problem für die landwirtschaftliche Produktion weltweit. Daher besteht ein dringender Bedarf an Forschung und Entwicklung geeigneter landwirtschaftlicher Praktiken, um ungünstige Bodenbedingungen zu verringern und wenn möglich die Fruchtbarkeit von Kulturland wiederherzustellen. Die Verwendung von Rhizobakterien, die das Pflanzenwachstum (PGPR) fördern, kann sich bei der Entwicklung von Strategien zur Erleichterung des Pflanzenwachstums unter normalen Wachstumsbedingungen sowie unter abiotischen Stress als nützlich erweisen. Diese Bakterien bieten ihren pflanzlichen Wirten Vorteile, indem sie die Aufnahme von Bodenmineralien fördern und Pflanzen vor schädlichen Umwelteinflüssen schützen. Die vorliegende Arbeit bewertet die Rolle von in Kamerun natürlich vorkommenden PGPR an Mais und untersucht deren Potenzial als Bioimpfstoffe zur Steigerung des Pflanzenwachstums in Kamerun. Wir prüfen die Hypothese, dass einheimische Bakteriengemeinschaften aus Kamerun einen hohen Anteil an Bakterien aufweisen, deren Eigenschaften Kulturpflanzen helfen, mit ungünstigen Bedingungen umzugehen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden dazu Bakteriengemeinschaften der Rhizosphäre von in Kamerun angebautem Mais isoliert und untersucht. Zum ersten Mal erfolgte eine umfassende phylogenetische Zuordnung aller kultivierbaren Bakterien, auf Grundlage ihrer potenziellen Fähigkeiten zur Förderung des Pflanzenwachstums. / Nutrient deficiencies in soil, mainly in phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), coupled to salinity and the impoverishment of agricultural soils, are a severe problem for agricultural production worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research and development of more suitable agricultural practices in order to reduce unfavorable conditions, and if possible, to restore the fertility of cultivated lands. The use of rhizobacteria, which promote plant growth (PGPR), can prove useful in developing strategies to facilitate plant growth under normal as well as under abiotic stress conditions. These bacteria offer benefits to plant hosts by promoting the uptake of soil minerals and protecting plants from environmental stresses. The thesis evaluates the role of native PGPR associated with maize as potential bio-inoculants for plants growth in Cameroon. We hypothesized that native bacterial communities from Cameroon include a high potential of bacteria helping the plant cope with unfavorable conditions. Here, we provide for the first time a comprehensive phylogenetic affiliation of cultivable bacterial communities associated with maize rhizosphere grown in Cameroon in relationship to their potential plant growth-promoting abilities.
602

All alone avec soi-même : énonciation et identité dans le monologue fransaskois

Miller, Courtney 20 April 2018 (has links)
Dans « La littérature franco-ontarienne à la recherche d’une nouvelle voie : enjeux du particularisme et de l’universalisme » (2002), Lucie Hotte signale que les artistes francophones minoritaires, ayant longtemps puisé dans l’esthétique particulariste, optent maintenant pour une esthétique de l’univeralisme. Jane Moss confirme l’hypothèse de Hotte dans son article, « Francophone Theatre in Western Canada : Dramatic Tales of Disappearing Francophones » (2009). Moss observe qu’au sein du théâtre francophone dans l’Ouest canadien s’opère une transition quant à la représentation de l’identité francophone minoritaire vers un courant postmoderne où les dramaturges, mettant de côté les récits mémoriels nostalgiques, se penchent plutôt sur des thématiques plus universelles. Tout de même, le questionnement identitaire demeure latent à travers ces pièces. Par ailleurs, dans La distance habitée (2003) François Paré remarque que les énonciateurs minoritaires retiennent souvent une mémoire de migration et d’itinérance; que cette distance métaphorique les « habite »; et qu’ils se voient constamment forcés de négocier cette « distance » entre eux et la communauté majoritaire où ils vivent. Partant du constat du Moss, ce mémoire analyse l’énonciation de trois personnages/énonciateurs dans trois monologues fransaskois contemporains, soit Il était une fois Delmas, Sask... mais pas deux fois! d’André Roy, Elephant Wake de Joey Tremblay et Rearview de Gilles Poulin-Denis. Nous examinerons leur identité complexe, riche et problématique. Pour analyser l’énonciation de chacun des personnages, nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse de discours telle que développée par Dominique Maingueneau. Ce faisant, nous visons à combler une lacune importante dans la recherche sur le théâtre fransaskois.
603

[en] TEXT CATEGORIZATION: CASE STUDY: PATENT S APPLICATION DOCUMENTS IN PORTUGUESE / [pt] CATEGORIZAÇÃO DE TEXTOS: ESTUDO DE CASO: DOCUMENTOS DE PEDIDOS DE PATENTE NO IDIOMA PORTUGUÊS

NEIDE DE OLIVEIRA GOMES 08 January 2015 (has links)
[pt] Atualmente os categorizadores de textos construídos por técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina têm alcançado bons resultados, tornando viável a categorização automática de textos. A proposição desse estudo foi a definição de vários modelos direcionados à categorização de pedidos de patente, no idioma português. Para esse ambiente foi proposto um comitê composto de 6 (seis) modelos, onde foram usadas várias técnicas. A base de dados foi constituída de 1157 (hum mil cento e cinquenta e sete) resumos de pedidos de patente, depositados no INPI, por depositantes nacionais, distribuídos em várias categorias. Dentre os vários modelos propostos para a etapa de processamento da categorização de textos, destacamos o desenvolvido para o Método 01, ou seja, o k-Nearest-Neighbor (k-NN), modelo também usado no ambiente de patentes, para o idioma inglês. Para os outros modelos, foram selecionados métodos que não os tradicionais para ambiente de patentes. Para quatro modelos, optou-se por algoritmos, onde as categorias são representadas por vetores centróides. Para um dos modelos, foi explorada a técnica do High Order Bit junto com o algoritmo k- NN, sendo o k todos os documentos de treinamento. Para a etapa de préprocessamento foram implementadas duas técnicas: os algoritmos de stemização de Porter; e o StemmerPortuguese; ambos com modificações do original. Foram também utilizados na etapa do pré-processamento: a retirada de stopwords; e o tratamento dos termos compostos. Para a etapa de indexação foi utilizada principalmente a técnica de pesagem dos termos intitulada: frequência de termos modificada versus frequência de documentos inversa TF -IDF . Para as medidas de similaridade ou medidas de distância destacamos: cosseno; Jaccard; DICE; Medida de Similaridade; HOB. Para a obtenção dos resultados foram usadas as técnicas de predição da relevância e do rank. Dos métodos implementados nesse trabalho, destacamos o k-NN tradicional, o qual apresentou bons resultados embora demande muito tempo computacional. / [en] Nowadays, the text s categorizers constructed based on learning techniques, had obtained good results and the automatic text categorization became viable. The purpose of this study was the definition of various models directed to text categorization of patent s application in Portuguese language. For this environment was proposed a committee composed of 6 (six) models, where were used various techniques. The text base was constituted of 1157 (one thousand one hundred fifty seven) abstracts of patent s applications, deposited in INPI, by national applicants, distributed in various categories. Among the various models proposed for the step of text categorization s processing, we emphasized the one devellopped for the 01 Method, the k-Nearest-Neighbor (k-NN), model also used in the English language patent s categorization environment. For the others models were selected methods, that are not traditional in the English language patent s environment. For four models, there were chosen for the algorithms, centroid vectors representing the categories. For one of the models, was explored the High Order Bit technique together with the k-NN algorithm, being the k all the training documents. For the pre-processing step, there were implemented two techniques: the Porter s stemization algorithm; and the StemmerPortuguese algorithm; both with modifications of the original. There were also used in the pre-processing step: the removal of the stopwards; and the treatment of the compound terms. For the indexing step there was used specially the modified documents term frequency versus documents term inverse frequency TF-IDF . For the similarity or distance measures there were used: cosine; Jaccard; DICE; Similarity Measure; HOB. For the results, there were used the relevance and the rank technique. Among the methods implemented in this work it was emphasized the traditional k-NN, which had obtained good results, although demands much computational time.
604

Les mesures correctives des émissions aériennes de gaz à effet de serre : Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre les ordres juridiques en droit international public / A Corrective Approach to Reduce Aircraft Greenhouse Gas Emissions : Contribution to the Study of Interactions between Legal Orders of International Law

Leclerc, Thomas 16 November 2017 (has links)
La recherche d'une mesure mondiale et corrective des émissions de gaz à effet de serreafin de réduire l'impact de l'activité aérienne internationale sur les changements climatiques a étéconfrontée à l'émergence d'obstacles, sous forme de conflits de normes, liés au défi général del'interaction entre le droit international de l'aviation civile, le droit international des changementsclimatiques et le droit de l'Union européenne. La conciliation des normes matérielles etinstitutionnelles concernées, sur la base d'une interprétation évolutive de la convention de Chicago,est alors apparue comme l'unique solution pour remédier aux situations conflictuelles constatées.Le recours à cette démarche interprétative maintient néanmoins un climat d'insécurité juridique etpose la question des limites à l'adaptation du droit international de l'aviation civile au défi d'uneprotection du climat mondial. Ce travail d'analyse vise alors à démontrer qu'un recours à cettedémarche interprétative n'est pas toujours nécessaire et qu'une application rigoureuse de ladistinction intrinsèque au droit international de l'aviation civile séparant le domaine de lanavigation aérienne du domaine du transport aérien international est la clef du problème. Ellepermet en effet de proposer une solution corrective respectueuse des ordres juridiques fonctionnelsconcernés tout en rétablissant un climat de sécurité juridique indispensable au développementsoutenable de l'aviation civile internationale. / Looking for a global and corrective measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions frominternational civil aviation has been facing legal obstacles. These obstacles took the form ofconflicts of norms linked to the general challenge of the interactions between international aviationlaw, climate change law and the law of the European Union. Using evolutionary interpretation ofthe Chicago Convention in order to reconcile norms of substantive and institutional nature emergedas the best solution. However, this method perpetuates legal uncertainty and poses the generalchallenge of flexibly and elasticity of the Chicago Convention in response to the climate changechallenge. This study examines the above mentioned issues of interactions between legal ordersand provides recommendations to restore legal certainty needed to ensure sustainable developmentof international civil aviation. More specifically, this study reveals the underestimated relevance ofthe ongoing distinction between the legal regimes of air navigation and air transport, which is a keylegal element in the search for a global and corrective solution to the impact of international civilaviation on climate change.
605

Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle

Berrebi, Johanna 21 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Dans un avion, un hélicoptère ou un lanceur actuel, des milliers de capteurs, pour la plupart non critiques sont utilisés pour la mesure de divers paramètres (températures, pressions, positions...) Les résultats sont ensuite acheminés par des fils vers les calculateurs de bord qui les traitent. Ceci implique la mise en place de centaines de kilomètres de câbles (500 km pour un avion de ligne) dont le volume est considérable. Il en résulte une grande complexité de conception et de fabrication, des problèmes de fiabilité, notamment au niveau des connexions, et une masse importante. Par ailleurs l'instrumentation de certaines zones est impossible car leur câblage est difficilement envisageable par manque d'espace. En outre, s'il est souvent intéressant d'installer de nouveaux capteurs pour faire évoluer un aéronef ancien, l'installation des câbles nécessaires implique un démantèlement partiel, problématique et coûteux, de l'appareil. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, une idée innovante a émergé chez les industriels de l'aéronautique : commencer à remplacer les réseaux filaires reliant les capteurs d'un aéronef et leur centre de décision par des réseaux sans fil. Les technologies de communication sans fil sont aujourd'hui largement utilisées dans les marchés de l'électronique de grande consommation. Elles commencent également à être déployées pour des applications industrielles comme l'automobile ou le relevé à distance de compteurs domestiques. Cependant, remplacer des câbles par des ondes représente un défi technologique considérable comme la propagation en milieu confiné, la sécurité, la sureté de fonctionnement, la fiabilité ou la compatibilité électromagnétique. Cette thèse est motivée d'une part par l'avancée non négligeable dans le milieu aérospatial que pourrait être l'établissement d'un réseau sans fil à bord d'aéronefs dans la résolution de problématique classiques comme l'allégement et l'instrumentation. Il en résulterait donc : * Une meilleure connaissance de l'environnement et de la santé de l'aéronef * Un gain sur le poids. * Un gain en flexibilité. * Un gain en malléabilité et en évolutivité. * Un gain sur la complexité. * Un gain sur la fiabilité D'autre part, étant donnée la complexité de la conception de ce réseau de capteur sans fil, il a été nécessaire d'appliquer une méthodologie évolutive et adaptée mais inspirée de l'ingénierie système. Il est envisageable, vu le nombre de sous-systèmes à considérer, que cette méthodologie soit réutilisable pour d'autre cas pratiques. Une étude aussi complète que possible a été réalisée autour de l'existant déjà établi sur le sujet. En effet, on peut en lisant ce mémoire de thèse avoir une idée assez précise de ce qui a été fait. Une liste a été dressée de toutes les technologies sans fil en indiquant leur état de maturité, leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients afin de préciser les choix possibles et les raisons de ces choix. Des projets de capteurs sans fil ont été réalisés, des technologies sans fil performantes et personnalisables ont été développées et arrivent à maturité dans des secteurs variés tels que la domotique, la santé, l'automobile ou même l'aéronautique. Cependant aucun capteur sans fil n'a été véritablement installé en milieu aérospatial car de nombreux verrous technologiques n'ont pas été levés. Fort des expériences passées, et de la maturité qu'ont prise certaines technologies, des conclusions ont été tirées des projets antérieurs afin de tendre vers des solutions plus viables. Une fois identifiés, les verrous technologiques ont été isolés. Une personnalisation de notre solution a été à envisager afin de remédier tant que faire se peut à ces points bloquants avec les moyens mis à disposition. La méthodologie appliquée nous a permis d'identifier un maximum de contraintes, besoins et exigences pour mieux focaliser les efforts d'innovation sur les plus importantes et choisir ainsi les technologies les plus indiquées.
606

Formação Docente Para a Educação Superior - nas Trilhas de Uma Política Institucional / Teaching Formation for the Superior Education

BARREIRA, Sofia de Evaristo Menescal January 2009 (has links)
BARREIRA, Sofia de Evaristo Menescal. Formação docente para a educação superior: nas trilhas de uma política institucional. 2009. 260 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-26T12:28:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_SEMBARREIRA.pdf: 723327 bytes, checksum: 4ba45697f23a724d2d1f0e254cc35173 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-09-24T00:08:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_SEMBARREIRA.pdf: 723327 bytes, checksum: 4ba45697f23a724d2d1f0e254cc35173 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-24T00:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_SEMBARREIRA.pdf: 723327 bytes, checksum: 4ba45697f23a724d2d1f0e254cc35173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The thematic of this thesis concerns to the importance of the teaching formation for the superior education face to the challenge disposed by the society of information and knowledge to the accomplished professionalization on this teaching level. The Federal University of Ceará – UFC was chosen for the achievement of this field research as it historically represents the main former institution of active professionals in the teaching of superior education in Ceará. It was the first university created in the State and continues being one of the greatest referential for the others Superior Teaching Institutions by the importance of its debates, partnerships established and the meaningful contribution in the professional formation for the world of the work. This study was developed through a qualitative research, that is a case study using semistructured interviews and documental analysis. The subjects of the research are represented by 43 active managers from the period 1997 to 2006 – rectors, pro-rectors, directors of centers or faculties, chiefs of departments, coordinators of courses, managers of human resources, syndicate representative, auditor among others. The categories of Entrance, Evaluation and Formation were defined to guide the priorities pertaining specially to field research. The information and reflections resultant just show the necessity to implement an institutional policy of teaching formation to the teachers of the University, conceived in the scope of references of professional development. So, to have this effectuated, it is urgent to establish ruptures in order to face the evident problems and assume innovated attitudes in the face of explicit possibilities / A temática desta tese refere-se à importância da formação docente para a educação superior diante dos desafios postos pela sociedade da informação e do conhecimento à profissionalização efetivada nesse nível de ensino, mais especificamente à ação do professor no cotidiano da sua profissão. A Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC foi escolhida para a realização da pesquisa de campo pelo fato de representar, historicamente, a principal instituição formadora de profissionais atuantes na docência da educação superior do Ceará. Primeira universidade a ser criada no Estado, continua sendo um dos maiores referenciais para as demais Instituições de Educação Superior - IES pela importância dos debates que promove, das parcerias que estabelece e da significativa contribuição de formação profissional para o mundo do trabalho. O estudo desenvolveu-se mediante uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental. Os sujeitos da pesquisa estão representados por 43 gestores, atuantes no período de 1997 a 2006 – reitores, pró-reitores, diretores de centro ou faculdade, chefes de departamentos, coordenadores de cursos, gestores de recursos humanos, representante sindical, ouvidor, dentre outros. As categorias Ingresso, Avaliação e Formação foram definidas para orientar as prioridades pertinentes à pesquisa de campo, em especial. As informações e reflexões decorrentes sinalizam a necessidade de implementar uma política institucional de formação docente para os professores da Universidade, concebida no âmbito de referenciais de desenvolvimento profissional. Para que se efetive, é imprescindível estabelecer rupturas para o enfrentamento dos problemas evidenciados e assumir posturas inovadoras diante das possibilidades explicitadas
607

Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultivo (KC) da cana-de-açúcar irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial / Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of subsurface drip irrigated sugar cane

Gonçalves, Fabricio Mota January 2010 (has links)
GONÇALVES, Fabrício Mota. Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultivo (KC) da cana-de-açúcar irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial. 2010. 64 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T16:59:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmgonçalves.pdf: 3900094 bytes, checksum: 1ad79acf1432c0de09bcbdf52cb0f8c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T16:59:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmgonçalves.pdf: 3900094 bytes, checksum: 1ad79acf1432c0de09bcbdf52cb0f8c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T16:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmgonçalves.pdf: 3900094 bytes, checksum: 1ad79acf1432c0de09bcbdf52cb0f8c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Sugar cane is one of the crops with the highest level of water consumption, with a high evapotranspiration demand throughout most of its cycle. Knowledge of the sugar cane water demand, the time that irrigation should be applied, and how to irrigate the crop are becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of irrigated sugar cane cultivation, especially in areas of low water availability, as it is the case in northea stern Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Curu Experimental Field (property of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry), located in the Curu-Paraipaba Irrig ation Project, city of Paraipaba-CE (3 ° 29 '20''S, 39 ° 9' 45''W and elevation 30m), in order to determine the evapotrans piration and crop coefficients (Kc) of sugarcane (Saccharum L. officinarium), subsurface drip-irrigated. It was used the SP 6949 sugar cane variety, planted in a spacing of 1.8 m between double rows and 0.4 m between rows within the double row. As to t he irrigation, we used one lateral water line for each double row, buried at a depth of 0.15 m, w ith self-compensating drip emitters, with a flow rate of 1 L h-1, spaced 0.5 m on the water line. The crop was irrigated daily and there were three fertigations per week. The irrigation de pth was periodically adjusted, keeping the soil water potential between -8 kPa to -20 kPa. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using a wei ghing lysimeter with a surface area of 2.25 m 2. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The durations of the phenological stages of cane sugar were estimated through analysis of soil cover, with the use of digital images. Durations of 31, 49, 237 and 118 days were observed, respectively for initial, crop development, mid-season and late season stages. The yields achieved within and outside the lysimeter were respectively 144.4 and 108.8 t ha -1 . The total ETc observed during the cycle of the sugar cane was 1074.1 m m, with maximum values of 6.6 mm d-1 during the mid-season stage. Observed Kc values for initial, mid-season and late season stages were respectively 0.23, 1 .03 and 0.50. In the crop development stage, the relationship between Kc and the (crop) soil cover was represented with good accuracy by a negative quadratic model. / A cana-de-açúcar é uma das culturas com maior consumo de água, apresentando uma alta demanda evapotranspirativa ao longo da maior parte do seu ciclo. O conhecimento das necessidades hídricas da cana-de-açúcar, do momento de aplicação da água requerida pela mesma e a forma de aplicação torna-se cada vez mais importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável da sua produção irrigada, principalmente em regiões de pouca disponibilidade hídrica, como é o caso da região Nordeste do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental do Curu, pertencente à Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical localizado no Perímetro Irrigado Curu-Paraipaba, município de Paraipaba-CE (3° 29’ 20’’ S, 39° 9’ 45’’ W e altitude de 30 m), com o objetivo de determinar a evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarium L.), irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial. Utilizou-se a variedade de cana SP 6949, plantada no espaçamento de 1,8 m entre fileiras duplas e 0,4 m entre linhas dentro da fileira dupla. Na irrigação utilizou-se uma linha lateral para cada fileira dupla, enterrada na profundidade de 0,15 m, com gotejadores autocompensantes, com vazão de 1 L h-1, espaçados de 0,5 m na linha. A cultura foi irrigada com freqüência diária e foram realizadas três fertirrigações por semana. A lâmina de irrigação foi ajustada periodicamente, mantendo-se o potencial de água no solo entre -8 kPa e -20 kPa. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) foi determinada utilizando-se um lisímetro de pesagem com área superficial de 2,25 m2. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi estimada pelo método FAO Penman-Monteith. As durações das fases fenológicas da cana-de-açúcar foram estimadas por meio da análise da cobertura do solo pela cultura, determinada com o uso de imagens digitais. Foram observadas durações de 31, 49, 237 e 118 dias, para as fases inicial, de desenvolvimento, intermediária e final, respectivamente. A produtividade alcançada dentro e fora do lisímetro foi de 144,4 e 108,8 t ha-1, respectivamente. A ETc total observada durante o ciclo da cana-de-açúcar foi de 1.074,1 mm, com valores máximos da ordem de 6,6 mm d-1 durante a fase intermediária. Foram observados valores de Kc iguais a 0,23, 1,03 e 0,50, para as fases inicial, intermediária e final, respectivamente. Na fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo a relação entre o Kc e a cobertura do solo pela cultura foi representada com bastante exatidão por um modelo quadrático negativo.

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