Il s’agit dans cette étude des processus créatifs des systèmes automatiques et autogénératifs. Notre problématique se base sur le paradoxe suivant : comment est-il possible à un système automatique et autopoïétique de créer quelque chose de doté d’une valeur esthétique ? Peut-on parler d’une poïétique et d’une esthétique propres aux systèmes autogénératifs ? Si cela est possible, en quel sens peut-il avoir ? Et quels seraient les implications et les enjeux ? Comment faire concilier la conscience, l’intentionnalité, l’émotion, la subjectivité, l’intelligence créative et la libre décision avec l’automatisation et la programmation algorithmique ? En s’appuyant sur un échantillon de neuf artistes, et à partir d’une approche inductivo-déductive, nous avons essayé de réfléchir sur les liens nécessaires entre : automatisation, autonomie, auto génération et énaction. Nous nous sommes rendu compte qu’il y avait une évolution continue qui dirigeait toute l’histoire de l’instrumentalisation dans l’art. Cette médiation, toujours en évolution, a finalement abouti à un changement qualitatif, c'est-à-dire à un passage de paradigme du faire au paradigme du faire faire avec lequel les processus d’automatisation, d’autonomisation, d’autogénération et d’énaction se sont devenus de plus en plus déterminants pour l’acte de création artistique.Le paradigme du faire faire est un paradigme d’automatisation, d’autogénération, d’autopoïèse et d’émergence dans lequel, l’« artiste » ne génère plus directement l’œuvre, mais plutôt il instaure le contexte de son auto génération. Cette autogénérativité progressive prendra des formes et des degrés multiples, à commencer par la générativité combinatoire, exploratoire, adaptative et transformationnelle…, à travers les quelles, le triangle créatif traditionnel s’est trouvé inopérationnel, et par conséquent, la théorie de l’art condamnée à changer ses catégories.Dans ce contexte de changement paradigmatique, une « nouvelle hybridation homme-machine », une « créativité collective et distribuée » ou une « auto générativité éco systémique » se présentaient comme des pistes possibles vers des nouvelles pratiques créatives énactives, vers des nouvelles aventures de théorisation et de réflexions esthétiques ? / The purpose of this study is the creative processes of automatic and self-generating systems. The raised issue is based on the following paradox: how is it possible for an automatic and autopoietic system to create something that has an aesthetic value? Can we speak of poietic and aesthetic that are characteristics of self-generating systems? If possible, in what sense it is. And what would the implications and the stakes be. How to reconcile consciousness, intentionality emotion, with automation and algorithmic programming? Based on a sample of nine artists, and from a deductive-inductive approach, we have tried to reflect on the necessary links between: automation, autonomy, self-generation and énaction. We have come to realize that there is a continuous evolution that runs the entire history of the instrumentalization of art. This mediation, always evolving, has eventually led to a qualitative change. That is to a passage from a paradigm of do to a paradigm of make do with which the processes of automation, self-generation and enaction have become increasing crucial to the act of artistic creation. The make do paradigm is a paradigm of autopoiesis and emergence, in which, the artist no longer generates directly the work of art, but rather establishes the context of its self-generation. This progressive self-generation takes multiple forms and degrees, beginning with the combinatorial, explaratory, adaptive and transformational generativity through which the traditional creative triangle is found inoperative, and therefore the theory of advance art has changed its categories. In this context of paradigmatic change, à “new hybridization Human-Machine”, a “collective and distributed creativity” or “ecosystem auto-generativity” have become possible leads to new enactive and creative practices, to new adventures of aesthetic theory.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120568.pdf: 1108272 bytes, checksum: 0be6908eb8b09e3c1dc37b72b4159533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-02T00:00:00Z / For 70 years LPG has been distributed in Brazil. However, just little is known through the literature on economy and marketing issues that challenge the LPG distributors on fetching profitability, market leadership and growth. Along these years, the commercialization of the product has considerably improved as far as operational or regulatory matters are concerned. It’s utilization for cooking has been the technological rupture that allowed a transformation in the Brazilian’s homes, bringing the family into the kitchen, unlike the old firewood cooker. At the beginning of LPG distribution, on buying a cooker, the customer would choose the distributor with whom it would sign up an agreement on exclusive basis; client’s residence would have them on it’s front door a brand plate of the supplier in charge of delivering the product. Since the product became a requisite of presence in Brazilian homes, its activity started being considered of basic supply, of urban infra-structure and for that reason, it had to be regulated by the govern like the water and power energy supply. Although there had been an attempt to nationalize its distribution, the LPG was among the few infra-structure activities which were not carried out by a state-owned company. Nevertheless, the sector had been closely watched by the government which stated prices, outlined the markets and subsidized the imported material until last decade, when the LPG distributors were set free to make their own decision. An economic approach was required then to run the process, so that it would guarantee profitability and dispute for the national market leadership. The value-based management discussion through EVA of the retained market and the value leverage for the home distribution in Brazil where also demanded in this scenario. egarding the managerial decisions, it was included the cost of capital, one moment demanding additional contribution on the capital charges, the next rationalizing the capital itself, reducing excess and increasing the productivity of the utilized resources. Besides the value drivers discussion there are the reflection on the core activity, where the economic surplus come from the operational management along of products to the market consumer and the efficiency in the use of the assets. The alignment of the shareholders and managers’ objectives starts with the management for value, forgotten in operational management, included though in the EVA management. By running the assets, the executives will make decisions in order to increase the productivity of the system, whether to gain scale in the plants, whether to better allocate the cylinders and vehicles, whether to extract more value from the bigger markets and through the diversification of the distribution channels / A distribuição de GLP no Brasil acontece nos últimos 70 anos, mas pouco se sabe na literatura das questões econômicas e de marketing que desafiam as distribuidoras de GLP no Brasil na busca pela rentabilidade, liderança de mercado e crescimento. Nas últimas décadas, com o fim da regulação do governo na atividade, as empresas se viram num ambiente de livre mercado, sem tabelamento de preços ou reservas de mercado e uma abordagem econômica precisou liderar o processo de tomada de decisão nas distribuidoras de GLP para garantir a rentabilidade e a disputa pela liderança do mercado nacional. A este ambiente de mercado, incluímos a discussão sobre geração de valor, através do EVA dos mercados atendidos e das alavancas de valor para a distribuição domiciliar no Brasil. Nesta equação avaliamos a importância da competição para a definição dos preços ao consumidor, a postura estratégica adequada para crescer onde não se é líder de mercado, o atendimento direto ao consumidor para se diferenciar e a alocação racional dos ativos na operação. Transcender o resultado operacional e esperar o retorno adequado sobre o capital investido nos leva à revisão de todo o negócio, desde as práticas de precificação, a estrutura de canais e o uso dos ativos. Em alguns mercados de atuação da empresa, constatou-se a geração de valor do negócio. Outros mercados, entretanto, com algum incremento marginal nas vendas já atingiriam um EVA positivo, mesmo que para isso dependam também do incremento das margens de contribuição unitárias. Por fim, mercados em situação deficitária, distantes do ponto de equilíbrio do EVA, pedem uma decisão estratégica entre subsidiar os déficits ou desmobilizar os ativos encerrando a operação de distribuição nesses mercados. Há, entretanto, um fator comum entre todos esses mercados: além da comercialização do produto, temos a gestão baseada em valor. Às decisões gerenciais então se propõe incluir o retorno sobre o capital, ora demandando contribuições adicionais na operação, ora racionalizando o próprio capital, reduzindo excessos e aumentando a produtividade dos recursos utilizados.

Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-08-21T17:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ednaide Gondim Magalhães (ednaide@ufba.br) on 2018-08-23T11:57:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / RESUMO Este trabalho trata máscara-objeto e máscara-maquiagem como meiode transformação dos atores no espetáculo “Doroteia”, de Nelson Rodrigues. A dissertação é constituída a partir de experiências com máscaras, tanto objeto quanto maquiagem, apresentando no percurso das vivências a solidificação e base para a concepção e criação dos elementos cênicos em questão. Essainvestigação tem como objetivo abordar a caracterização visual dos personagens no referido espetáculo, com foco nas máscaras supracitadas, destacando sua importância fundamental para a construção do personagem teatral. Posteriormente, são analisadas as aplicabilidades das referidas máscaras nas cenas do espetáculo. As leituras a partir da percepção do espectador acontecem como consequência da consciência coerente com o todo que o portador estabelece. / ABSTRACT This thesis deals with mask-object and mask-make up asinstruments of transformation of the actors at Nelson Rodrigues’ play, “Doroteia”. The dissertation is built over experiences with mask-object and mask-make up, introducing during the process the solidification and basis for conception and creation of the scenic elements being studied. This investigation aims to broach the visual characterization of the characters in the play, focusing on the two previously mentioned masks, emphasizing their fundamental importance for the theatrical character’s construction. Subsequently, the applicability of the masks will be analyzed in the scenes of the play. The readings from the spectator’s perception happen as consequence of the conscience consistent with the whole established by the mask’s wearer.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Augusto 2004.pdf: 643880 bytes, checksum: 5a4e98d5fbe4c91397d5d329666a523a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa investigou, numa abordagem microgenética, a influência de duas áreas profissionais no processo de tomada de consciência das estratégias e dos procedimentos utilizados por universitários na resolução de um problema contido em um jogo de regras. Participaram do estudo quinze estudantes do curso de Engenharia Civil e quinze do curso de Psicologia. O instrumento de investigação utilizado foi o jogo Torre de Hanói, cujo objetivo é transportar uma torre de n discos da coluna inicial para a coluna de destino, passando por uma coluna intermediária. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três etapas, a saber: etapa 1 - abrangendo tentativas de resolução do problema contido nas torres com 2, 3, 4 e 5 discos, seguidas do registro das jogadas em um protocolo; etapa 2 - compreendendo o preenchimento de um quadro por meio do qual se podiam analisar as regularidades entre o número de deslocamentos de cada disco e o número total de deslocamentos em cada torre; etapa 3 - envolvendo uma entrevista com base em um roteiro contendo questões sobre as estratégias utilizadas. Para analisar o processo de tomada de consciência, caracterizado pela relação entre o fazer e o compreender, foram elaborados seis níveis evolutivos (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIC e III). Os principais resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que, em relação ao fazer, a maioria dos participantes (60%) resolveu o problema contido em todas as torres. No entanto constatou-se que, enquanto a maioria dos estudantes de Engenharia Civil (80%) obteve êxito pleno, ou seja, solucionou o problema contido nas quatro torres com número mínimo de deslocamentos, a maioria dos de Psicologia (60%) obteve êxito parcial, isto é, resolveu o problema contido em algumas torres com um número mínimo de movimentos, e em outras, com número excedente de deslocamentos. No plano do compreender, verificou-se que a maioria dos alunos de Psicologia (66,7%) coordenou pelo menos duas estratégias por meio das conceituações, enquanto a maior parte dos de Engenharia Civil (53,3%) não conseguiu coordenar nenhuma. Quanto ao processo de tomada de consciência, os resultados mostraram que 33,34% dos alunos de Psicologia se encontravam no nível IIA, ou seja, alcançaram êxito parcial no nível do fazer e uma compreensão parcial do problema, enquanto 46,66% dos alunos de Engenharia Civil se encontravam no nível IIC, isto é, atingiram êxito pleno no nível do fazer e uma compreensão parcial do sistema contido no jogo. / This research investigated, with a microgenetics approach, the influence of two professional areas in the process of conscience building of the strategies and the procedures utilized by university students in the resolution of a problem contained in a game of rules. Participated in the study fifteen civil engineering students and fifteen psychology students. The instrument of investigation utilized was the Hanoi Tower game, which has the objective of transporting a tower of "n" discs from the initial column to another column, passing through an intermediary column. The research developed in three stages, as follows: stage 1 - grouping trials of resolution of the problem contained in towers with 2, 3, 4, and 5 discs, followed by the recording of the plays in a protocol; stage 2 - comprehending the construction of a table from which the regularities between the number of displacements of each disc and the total number of displacements in each tower; stage 3 - involving an interview based on a script containing questions about the utilized strategies. To analyze the process of conscience building, characterized by the relation between the do and the understand, six evolutionary levels (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIC and III) The main results obtained allowed to verify that, with respect to doing, most of the participants (60%) solved the problem contained in all towers. However, it was noticed that, while most of the Civil Engineering students (80%) achieved complete success, that is, solved the problem contained in the four towers with a minimum number of displacements, most of the psychology students (60%) achieved partial success, that is, solved the problem contained in some towers with a minimum number of movements and, for other towers, with an extra number of displacements. With respect to comprehending, it was verified that most of the psychology students (66,7%) coordinated at least two strategies by means of conceptualizing, while the majority of the engineering majors (53,3%) was not able to coordinate any. With respect to the process of conscience building, the results showed that 33,34% of the psychology students were classified on level IIA, meaning that they achieved partial success in doing and partial comprehension of the problem, while 46,66% of the Civil Engineering were classified on level IIC, that is, achieved complete success in doing and a partial comprehension of the system contained in the game.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a percepção do cliente quanto ao esclarecimento para tomada de decisão referente à realização de procedimentos estéticos. O estudo, do tipo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, foi realizado com amostra de 44 clientes, freqüentadores da Clínica de Estética e Cirurgia Plástica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por intermédio de um instrumento com base na Escala de Likert, constituída por 28 proposições, classificadas em três categorias: Informação, Competência e Liberdade. Completaram o instrumento, duas escalas, com a finalidade de medir a percepção global dos clientes quanto ao esclarecimento das informações e a liberdade para tomada de decisão. Os resultados mostraram que, em relação ao grau de instrução, houve predomínio dos clientes de nível superior. Quanto à profissão/ocupação, a maioria enquadrou-se nos níveis III, IV e V, que corresponderam aos cargos de ocupação manual especializada, cargos de supervisão e gerência e profissionais liberais e cargos de alta administração, respectivamente; em referência à renda familiar, houve predomínio dos clientes com renda superior a R$ 8000,00 ou mais. Verificou-se também predomínio da faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos, com a maioria dos clientes do sexo feminino e, estado civil casado. Quanto ao tipo de tratamento, o clínico predominou sobre o cirúrgico. Analisadas as três categorias, identificou-se uma discreta superioridade do escore médio atribuído à categoria Competência em relação ao atribuído às categorias Informação e Liberdade, porém a maioria dos escores das três categorias foi bastante homogênea, sendo os escores médios das categorias superiores a 4,5, ou seja, variando de concordante à alta concordância. Os escores para Informação, Competência e Liberdade estão associados com o tipo de tratamento, mas não com a idade dos clientes. Constatou-se também que, em média, os clientes que se submeteram a tratamento clínico atribuíram escores menores do que os clientes que tiveram tratamento cirúrgico. Quanto às questões globais referentes ao esclarecimento das informações e à liberdade para tomada de decisão para o procedimento, temos médias de 9,41 e 9,70 respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram que os profissionais de saúde forneceram informações claras, suficientes e adaptadas às necessidades dos clientes, deixando-os livres e competentes para a tomada de decisão quanto ao procedimento estético / This paper aims at verifying client’s perception in relation to the information given for the decision making process relating to aesthetic procedures. The descriptive, exploratory, correlating, with a quantitative approach, was carried out with a sample of 44 clients of the Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic. The data collection was carried out by means of an instrument based on the Likert Scales, consisting of 28 propositions, classified in three categories: Information, Competence and Freedom. Two other scales completed the instrument so as to measure clients’ global perception concerning the elucidation of given information and freedom to make a decision. The level of significance was 5% and the results revealed that as far as education was concerned, most clients had university degrees. Concerning profession/occupation, most clients were positioned in levels III, IV and V, which refer to skilled manual work, supervision and management positions, self-employed professionals and high administrative positions, respectively. As far as family income was concerned, most clients had a monthly income above R$ 8000,00. It was also suggested that there was a slight predominance of clients from the 41-50 year-old age group, being most of them married women. In relation to the treatment, there was a slight predominance of clinical treatments, when compared to the surgical ones, and the procedures chosen were first peeling, 22%, followed by botulinum toxin and filling, 16% each. Among the surgical procedures, the most common was liposuction - 14% of the clients, followed by breast surgeries, 12%. During the analysis of the three categories a slight superiority of the average score given to the ‘Competence’ category was identified, when compared to the scores given to the ‘Information’ and ‘Freedom’ categories, although the average scores for the three categories were quite homogeneous, being all above 4.5, that is, varying from ‘agree’ to ‘totally agree’. The ‘information’, ‘competence’ and ‘freedom’ scores are related to the type of treatment, but not to the clients’ age. The survey also confirmed that on average the clients who underwent clinical treatment gave lower scores than the ones who underwent surgical treatment. In relation to global questions, concerning elucidation of information and freedom to make the decision regarding the procedures, we have the average of 9.41 and 9.70 respectively. These results reveal that health professionals provided clients with clear, sufficient and relevant information based on their clients’ needs, leaving them free and competent to take the best decision in relation to aesthetic procedures

Le fard est une composition dont l’application sur la peau donne à celle-ci plus d’éclat ou masque un défaut physique. Accusé de tromper, instrument futile ou diabolique auquel fut comparée la peinture, le fard se définit par sa fonction mais ne s’y réduit pas. L’observation de trois vidéos permet d’étudier le fard en tant qu’il est matière colorée et conduit à déterminer ses propriétés spécifiques et les possibilités plastiques qu’elles véhiculent.Cette recherche vise à établir les modalités d’une relation entre le fard, la couleur, et le corps support au travers d’expériences plastiques filmées pour le caractériser ensuite comme médium à partir d’une pratique personnelle. / Makeup is a composition which when applied to the skin gives it more brightness or hides a physical defect. Accused of cheating, a futile or diabolical instrument, which paint has been compared, make-up is defined by its function but has lost nothing through this.The plastic arts experience allows study of make-up because it is colored and this helps determine its specific properties and plastic possibilities.This research aims to establish the details of a relationship between makeup, color and the body, using several videos to characterize it as a medium based on personal practice.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The contribution of the metalworking sector to the gross domestic product is decreased by 8.6% in the 2017–2018 period because of problems such as high rejection rates, lead times, and raw material losses. Consequently, the sector’s production was reduced by PEN 1,200,000 while demand remained flat. Thus, this article proposes a production control model using 5S, Single-Minute Exchange of Dies, and tools such as Kanban and Constant Work-in-Progress (CONWIP) to increase the productivity of a sand casting line in a Peruvian metalworking enterprise that manufactures parts for mining on request. The improvement proposal involves the implementation of lean manufacturing tools and analyzes low productivity effects. The problems identified are typical of the Peruvian metalworking sector; thus, this study may contribute to finding possible solutions for issues faced by other enterprises. / Revisión por pares

In todays increased globalized business world and with a firms’ ongoing need for higher quality and lower costs, outsourcing is a popular strategy for companies to use. This thesis intends to study outsourcing in the context of new product development (NPD). The aim of this research is to contribute to the field of operations management. This is achieved by improving the understanding of decision-making during outsourcing NPD by investigating what factors affect the outsourcing decision. This will be fulfilled by addressing the research question What affect the choice between make or buy in outsourcing New Product Development?  By conducting an exploratory single case study and performing semi-structured interviews, the factors that influence decision-making in outsourcing of NPD could be generated. The findings show that competence, time, service, costs, strategy, and ability to collaborate with supplier were important factors that influenced the decision. The factors were analyzed and compared with transaction cost economics and resource-based views, which are theoretical perspectives commonly used to understand the firm’s strategical decisions. The factors from the findings were also used to conduct a cost model and a decision model. This can help a firm’s decision-making and increase the understanding of how the decision in outsourcing of NPD is made.  The results lend support to the argument that outsourcing decisions are complex. With different factors creating different influences, and all of them need to be considered in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the decision. The findings also suggest that no theoretical perspective can alone completely explain the decision of outsourcing NPD, they need to be integrated with another demand-oriented perspective. A recommendation for further research should be to investigate how the cost model and decision model could be implemented in practical situations and in different contexts. / I dagens globala affärsvärld och företags konstanta strävande efter högre kvalité och lägre kostnader, så är utkontraktering en populär strategi att använda. Denna avhandling avser att studera utkontraktering i samband med ny produktutveckling (PU). Syftet med forskningen är att bidra till området för verksamhetsstyrning genom att förbättra förståelsen i beslutsfattande för utkontraktering av ny produktutveckling genom att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar beslutet av att utkontraktera. För att uppfylla detta ska forskningsfrågan Vad påverkar valet mellan att köpa eller göra i utkontraktering av ny produktutveckling? besvaras. Genom att genomföra en explorativ fallstudie och utföra semistrukturerade intervjuer så kan de påverkande faktorerna bakom utkontraktering av PU genereras. Resultatet visade att kompetens, tid, service, kostnad, strategi och förmågan att samarbeta med leverantör är viktiga faktorer att ta hänsyn till vid beslutet. Faktorerna analyserades och jämfördes med transaktionskostnad- och resursbaserad teori som är vanliga teoretiska teorier att applicera för att förstå ett företags strategiska beslut. De framtagna faktorerna användes också gör att konstruera en kostnad- och beslutsmodell som kan användas som stöd och hjälp för företags beslutsfattande och öka förståelsen för hur beslutet av att utkontraktera PU görs.  Resultatet ger stöd till tidigare forskning som menar på att beslutet av att utkontraktera är komplext vilket innebär att flera faktorer påverkar beslutet och alla faktorer behöver bli betraktade för att kunna få en heltäckande förståelse för beslutet. Resultatet visade också på att ingen av de teoretiska perspektiven kan ensamt förklara beslutet av att utkontraktera PU, utan de behöver bli integrerade med ett annat perspektiv för att fullt kunna förklara beslutet. En rekommendation till framtida forskning kan vara att undersöka praktisk tillämpning av kostnadsmodellen och beslutsmodellen och hur de kan användas i andra kontext.

The‌ ‌purpose‌ ‌of‌ ‌this‌ ‌study‌ ‌was‌ ‌to‌ ‌investigate‌ ‌the‌ ‌experience‌ ‌of‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌in‌ ‌ female‌ ‌managers‌ ‌in‌ ‌their‌ ‌professional‌ ‌role.‌ ‌The‌ ‌study‌ ‌was‌ ‌based‌ ‌on‌ ‌a‌ ‌qualitative‌ ‌method‌ ‌ where‌ ‌seven‌ ‌semi-structured‌ ‌interviews‌ ‌were‌ ‌conducted.‌ ‌The‌ ‌result‌ ‌was‌ ‌analyzed‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌basis‌ ‌ of‌ ‌an‌ ‌inductive‌ ‌thematic‌ ‌analysis,‌ ‌which‌ ‌generated‌ ‌four‌ ‌main‌ ‌themes‌ ‌describing‌ ‌the‌ ‌ respondents'‌ ‌experience‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌phenomenon‌:‌‌ ‌work‌ ‌experience‌ ‌and‌ ‌education,‌ ‌requirements‌ ‌ and‌ ‌expectations,‌ ‌anxiety‌ ‌and‌ ‌consequences‌ ‌‌and‌ ‌‌the‌ ‌importance‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌support.‌‌ ‌The‌ ‌result‌ ‌ showed‌ ‌that‌ ‌all‌ ‌respondents‌ ‌experienced‌ ‌the‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌in‌ ‌their‌ ‌professional‌ ‌role.‌ ‌ The‌ ‌extent‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌respondents‌ ‌from‌ ‌the‌ ‌experience‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌could‌ ‌be‌ ‌ influenced‌ ‌by‌ ‌a‌ ‌number‌ ‌of‌ ‌factors‌ ‌such‌ ‌as‌ ‌the‌ ‌requirement‌ ‌of‌ ‌superior‌ ‌managers,‌ ‌the‌ ‌support‌ ‌ of‌ ‌managers‌ ‌and‌ ‌colleagues‌ ‌as‌ ‌well‌ ‌as‌ ‌education‌ ‌and‌ ‌work‌ ‌experience.‌ ‌The‌ ‌results‌ ‌further‌ ‌ showed‌ ‌that‌ ‌frequent‌ ‌experiences‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌could‌ ‌generate‌ ‌negative‌ ‌consequences,‌ ‌ but‌ ‌in‌ ‌cases‌ ‌where‌ ‌the‌ ‌experiences‌ ‌were‌ ‌to‌ ‌a‌ ‌lesser‌ ‌extent‌ ‌it‌ ‌contributed‌ ‌to‌ ‌a‌ ‌positive‌ ‌ individual‌ ‌development.‌ ‌ / Syftet‌ ‌med‌ ‌denna‌ ‌studie‌ ‌var‌ ‌att‌ ‌undersöka‌ ‌upplevelsen‌ ‌av‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌hos‌ ‌ kvinnliga‌ ‌chefer‌ ‌i‌ ‌deras‌ ‌yrkesroll. ‌‌Studien‌ ‌utgick‌ ‌från‌ ‌en‌ ‌kvalitativ‌ ‌metod‌ ‌i‌ ‌vilken‌ ‌sju‌ ‌ semistrukturerade‌ ‌intervjuer‌ ‌genomfördes. ‌‌Resultatet‌ ‌analyserades‌ ‌utifrån‌ ‌en‌ ‌induktiv‌ ‌ tematisk‌ ‌analys‌ ‌vilket‌ ‌genererade‌ ‌fyra‌ ‌huvudteman‌ ‌som‌ ‌beskrev‌ ‌respondenternas‌ ‌upplevelse‌ ‌ av‌ ‌fenomenet.‌ ‌Dessa‌ ‌var:‌ ‌‌arbetslivserfarenhet‌ ‌och‌ ‌utbildning,‌ ‌krav‌ ‌och‌ ‌förväntningar,‌ ‌ oroskänslor‌ ‌och‌ ‌konsekvenser‌ ‌‌samt‌ ‌‌stödets‌ ‌betydelse.‌‌ ‌Resultatet‌ ‌visade‌ ‌att‌ ‌samtliga‌ ‌ respondenter‌ ‌upplevde‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌ ‌i‌ ‌sin‌ ‌yrkesroll.‌ ‌Respondenternas‌ ‌omfattning‌ ‌ utav‌ ‌upplevelsen‌ ‌av‌ ‌impostor‌ ‌phenomenon‌‌ ‌‌kunde‌ ‌påverkas‌ ‌av‌ ‌ett‌ ‌flertal‌ ‌faktorer‌ ‌som‌ ‌kravet‌ ‌ från‌ ‌överordnade‌ ‌chefer,‌ ‌stödet‌ ‌från‌ ‌chefer‌ ‌och‌ ‌kollegor‌ ‌samt‌ ‌utbildning‌ ‌och‌ ‌ arbetslivserfarenheter.‌‌ ‌‌Resultatet‌ ‌visade‌ ‌vidare‌ ‌att‌ ‌frekventa‌ ‌upplevelser‌ ‌av‌ ‌fenomenet‌ ‌kunde‌ ‌ generera‌ ‌negativa‌ ‌konsekvenser‌ ‌men‌ ‌i‌ ‌de‌ ‌fall‌ ‌då‌ ‌upplevelserna‌ ‌var‌ ‌i‌ ‌lägre‌ ‌omfattning‌ ‌bidrog‌ ‌ det‌ ‌till‌ ‌en‌ ‌positiv‌ ‌individuell‌ ‌utveckling.‌ ‌ ‌

With the increasing highlighted security concerns in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Vision-based Automated Vehicle Recognition (VAVR) has attracted considerable attention recently. A comprehensive VAVR system contains three components: Vehicle Detection (VD), Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR), and Vehicle Re-identification (VReID). These components perform coarse-to-fine recognition tasks in three steps. The VAVR system can be widely used in suspicious vehicle recognition, urban traffic monitoring, and automated driving system. Vehicle recognition is complicated due to the subtle visual differences between different vehicle models. Therefore, how to build a VAVR system that can fast and accurately recognize vehicle information has gained tremendous attention. In this work, by taking advantage of the emerging deep learning methods, which have powerful feature extraction and pattern learning abilities, we propose several models used for vehicle recognition. First, we propose a novel Recurrent Attention Unit (RAU) to expand the standard Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture for VMMR. RAU learns to recognize the discriminative part of a vehicle on multiple scales and builds up a connection with the prominent information in a recurrent way. The proposed ResNet101-RAU achieves excellent recognition accuracy of 93.81% on the Stanford Cars dataset and 97.84% on the CompCars dataset. Second, to construct efficient vehicle recognition models, we simplify the structure of RAU and propose a Lightweight Recurrent Attention Unit (LRAU). The proposed LRAU extracts the discriminative part features by generating attention masks to locate the keypoints of a vehicle (e.g., logo, headlight). The attention mask is generated based on the feature maps received by the LRAU and the preceding attention state generated by the preceding LRAU. Then, by adding LRAUs to the standard CNN architectures, we construct three efficient VMMR models. Our models achieve the state-of-the-art results with 93.94% accuracy on the Stanford Cars dataset, 98.31% accuracy on the CompCars dataset, and 99.41% on the NTOU-MMR dataset. In addition, we construct a one-stage Vehicle Detection and Fine-grained Recognition (VDFG) model by combining our LRAU with the general object detection model. Results show the proposed VDFG model can achieve excellent performance with real-time processing speed. Third, to address the VReID task, we design the Compact Attention Unit (CAU). CAU has a compact structure, and it relies on a single attention map to extract the discriminative local features of a vehicle. We add two CAUs to the truncated ResNet to construct a small but efficient VReID model, ResNetT-CAU. Compared with the original ResNet, the model size of ResNetT-CAU is reduced by 60%. Extensive experiments on the VeRi and VehicleID dataset indicate the proposed ResNetT-CAU achieve the best re-identification results on both datasets. In summary, the experimental results on the challenging benchmark VMMR and VReID datasets indicate our models achieve the best VMMR and VReID performance, and our models have a small model size and fast image processing speed.