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In the design of new, more sophisticated missile systems, simulations need to be realistic and fast. Realistic target models are just as important as realistic models of the missile, but have often been overlooked in the past. Existing methods for creating realistic target models require considerable computational resources. This thesis addresses the problem of using limited resources to create realistic target models for simulating engagements with radar guided homing missiles. A multiple genetic algorithm approach is presented for converting inverse synthetic aperture radar images of targets into scatterer models. The models produced are high fidelity and fast to process. Results are given that demonstrate the generation of a model from real data using a desktop computer. Realistic models are used to investigate the effects of target fidelity on the missile performance. The results of the investigation allow the model complexity to be traded against the fidelity of the representation to optimise simulation speed. Finally, a realistic target model is used in a feasibility study to investigate the potential use of glint for target manoeuvre detection. Target glint is considered as noise in conventional missile systems and filtered to reduce its effects on the tracking performance- The use of glint for target manoeuvre detection would provide a cheap and novel alternative to the optical techniques currently being developed. The feasibility study has shown that target manoeuvre detection using glint may be as fast as optical techniques and very reliable.

« Empathie » et « manipulation » chez Stendhal : le recours à ces concepts favorise la relecture de son œuvre. L'empathie, concept migrant au travers de diverses disciplines, aboutit dans le domaine littéraire…à la mesure de sa fonctionnalité. Comprendre autrui, cet élément cognitif précède le cas échéant une phase émotionnelle. Mais un partage d’émotions a des gradations possibles, de la sympathie jusqu'à l'acmé. De ce double niveau sortiraient d'éventuelles dérivations, telles les qualités d'altruisme. A l'inverse, un partage d'émotions fondées sur la souffrance peut provoquer chez autrui un plaisir pervers. Tel serait donc l'univers issu de ces concepts, entraînant à l'établissement de types idéaux, de l'« empathiste » et du « manipulateur ». De toute façon se dévoilerait un déséquilibre au profit de l'empathie. Définie morale de l’intention dont tout relèverait, dispositions d'esprit, logos, pathos, elle se distinguerait de la manipulation, restreinte alors à une morale de l’acte. Par une démarche épistémologique, on déclinera différents cas de figure. Mais s'en révèlera l'incomplet, si celle-ci n'est pas corrélée à une approche thématique dans au moins deux domaines-phare de la sémiotique stendhalienne, l'Amour et le Pouvoir. En fonction du diptyque entendement-affectivité, se dégageraient deux pistes : celle d'une littérature en noir et blanc à qui serait dévolu un rôle de progression romanesque. A la littérature en couleur fondée sur l'écriture affective serait réservé celui de mise en valeur de situations de climax ou d'acmé. Par le décryptage de l’œuvre, devrait finalement se dévoiler une construction idéologique de Stendhal, si l'on aboutit là où l'auteur n'aurait pas voulu explicitement aller ou aurait voulu aller sans pour autant se découvrir. / « Empathy » and « manipulation » in Stendhal's writing-using these concepts facilitates the rereading of hid works. Empathy, a migrant concept crossing multiples disciplines, has made its way into the literary sphere…in accordance with its practicality. Understanding others is a cognitive element which precedes, if need be, the emotional phase. The sharing of emotions, however, has varying degrees, ranging from sympathy to acme. Possible derivations could stem from this dual level : expressions of altruism for example. Conversely, the sharing of emotions founded on suffering could provoque perverse pleasures in others. This is the universe that results from these concepts, leading to the establishment of two ideals types, the « empathizer » and the « manipulator ». An imbalance, in any case, will be revealed between the two, the scales tipping in favour of empathy. Empathy is defined as morale de l’intention [intentionally moral], a category within which fall such terms as state of mind, logos and pathos. Precisely, this distinguishes empathy from manipulation, thus limiting the latter to morale de l’acte [acting moral]. Using an epistemological approach, we will examine a variety of different occurrences. This approach, however, will prove to be incomplete if not correlated with a thematic approach in at least two key semiotic fields of Stendhal's works : Love and Power. Two avenues of research will emerge from the diptych understanding-affectivity. On the one hand, there is black and white literatur, which will be given the role of novelistic progression. On the other hand, there is color literature, founded on affective writing, it will be reserved for the role of emphasizing situations containing climax or acme. By deciphering his works, an ideological construction of Stendhal will finally be unearthed, if we are able to reach the place where the author did not want to go explicitly, or where he would liked to have gone, but without having to show his true self.

<p>Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka huruvida det i Militärstrategisk doktrin respektive Doktrin för marina operationer beskrivna manövertänkandet tillämpas vid internationella insatser med fartygsförband. Bakgrunden till detta är att det sedan doktrinerna skrevs har genomförts sådana, vilket innebär ett underlag som inte fanns under framtagandet av doktrinerna.</p><p>Studien genomförs som en fallstudie av insatsen ME01 inom ramen för EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta utanför Somalia mellan maj och september 2009. Data samlas in i huvudsak genom intervjuer med ett urval av deltagande officerare.</p><p>Resultaten av studien visar att inom förbandet ME01 förekom manövertänkande, men det kan inte konstateras vara som ett resultat av något medvetet val eller av att det var en internationell insats. Avseende hela operationen konstateras snarare en avsaknad av manövertänkande som huvudmetod, vilket framförallt hänförs till egenskaper som återfinns i multinationella operationer.</p> / <p>This essay aims to investigate whether the concept of manoeuvre theory, as described in the Swedish doctrine, is adopted by Swedish naval units during international naval operations. Before the development of Swedish doctrine in its current form, no Swedish naval units had been participating in international operations, henceforth the need for the essay.</p><p>The study was carried out as a case study of the operation ME01 within EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta off Somalia between May and September 2009. Data are collected mainly through interviews with a selection of participating officers. The results of the study show that within the unit ME01, aspects of manoeuvre theory could be identified, but the cause of this could not be identified as neither the international context nor as a result of a deliberate choice. This also applies regarding the operation as such, where the absence of manoeuvre theory as a concept in use, mainly caused by the multinational context, is shown.</p>

Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka huruvida det i Militärstrategisk doktrin respektive Doktrin för marina operationer beskrivna manövertänkandet tillämpas vid internationella insatser med fartygsförband. Bakgrunden till detta är att det sedan doktrinerna skrevs har genomförts sådana, vilket innebär ett underlag som inte fanns under framtagandet av doktrinerna. Studien genomförs som en fallstudie av insatsen ME01 inom ramen för EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta utanför Somalia mellan maj och september 2009. Data samlas in i huvudsak genom intervjuer med ett urval av deltagande officerare. Resultaten av studien visar att inom förbandet ME01 förekom manövertänkande, men det kan inte konstateras vara som ett resultat av något medvetet val eller av att det var en internationell insats. Avseende hela operationen konstateras snarare en avsaknad av manövertänkande som huvudmetod, vilket framförallt hänförs till egenskaper som återfinns i multinationella operationer. / This essay aims to investigate whether the concept of manoeuvre theory, as described in the Swedish doctrine, is adopted by Swedish naval units during international naval operations. Before the development of Swedish doctrine in its current form, no Swedish naval units had been participating in international operations, henceforth the need for the essay. The study was carried out as a case study of the operation ME01 within EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta off Somalia between May and September 2009. Data are collected mainly through interviews with a selection of participating officers. The results of the study show that within the unit ME01, aspects of manoeuvre theory could be identified, but the cause of this could not be identified as neither the international context nor as a result of a deliberate choice. This also applies regarding the operation as such, where the absence of manoeuvre theory as a concept in use, mainly caused by the multinational context, is shown.

This master’s thesis deals with the position of the hands on the steering wheel and its impact on the driving manoeuvre time. In the theoretical part, the correct sitting position of the driver, his seat and steering wheel settings were described. Furthermore, the analysis of the initial positions of the palms on the steering wheel was carried out as well as the positions that are recommended for quiet driving on the highway. These positions were analysed in terms of the ability to turn the steering wheel and to provide a range of turning in given positions. For the experimental measurements, a questionnaire for the passenger vehicle drivers was created. The responses were evaluated to construct the most common hand positions on the steering wheel. From the selected positions, test drives were conducted to determine the required time for manoeuvring or the time required for change of hand positions on the steering wheel to perform the manoeuvre.

Le contexte général de cette recherche concerne la sécurité active des piétons. De nombreux systèmes embarqués dans les véhicules sont actuellement développés afin de détecter un piéton sur la chaussée et d’éviter une collision soit par une manœuvre de freinage d’urgence soit par une manœuvre de déport. La plupart de ces systèmes d’aide à la conduite sont basés sur des systèmes de détection (caméras, radars, etc). Ils analysent la scène en temps réel, puis effectuent un traitement d’images dans le but d’identifier un potentiel danger. Or il apparaît difficile de déterminer la pertinence de ces systèmes en termes de sécurité routière. L’'objectif général de ce travail est ainsi d’estimer cette pertinence en confrontant les systèmes à de multiples configurations d’accidents réels. La méthodologie consiste à tester les systèmes de détection des piétons dans les configurations d’accidents reconstruits en les associant à la cinématique des véhicules. Le test de performance de ces systèmes a été alors réalisé en vérifiant leurs compatibilités au regard de la chronologie des accidents; i.e. vérifier la possibilité d’'évitement des accidents. À partir de ces reconstructions d’accidents réels, une analyse a été réalisée afin de dégager les enjeux au niveau spatio-temporelle qui influencent la sécurité primaire du piéton. / The scope of this research concerns pedestrian active safety. Several primary safety systems have been developed for vehicles in order to detect a pedestrian and to avoid an impact. These systems analyse the forward path of the vehicle through the processing of images from sensors. If a pedestrian is identified on the vehicle trajectory, these systems employ emergency braking and some systems may potentially employ emergency steering. Methods for assessing the effectiveness of these systems have been developed. But, it appears difficult to determine the relevance of these systems in terms of pedestrian protection. The general objective of this research was to test the response of these systems in many accident configurations.The methodology consisted of coupling the vehicle dynamic behaviour with a primary safety system in order to confront these systems to real accident configurations. The relevance of these systems is studied by verifying the feasibility of deploying an autonomous emergency manoeuvre during the timeline of the accident and according to the vehicle dynamic capabilities: i.e. verifying the possibilities in terms of crash avoidance. From these accident reconstructions and simulation, factors relevant to the primary safety of pedestrians were deduced.

Sabe-se que a anestesia geral por si só já é capaz de causar substancial depressão cardiovascular e respiratória em equinos e tal característica pode ser potencializada ainda mais pelo posicionamento do paciente em decúbito dorsal e pela a administração de elevadas pressões intratorácicas durante as manobras de recrutamento utilizadas para reverter a hipoxemia. Sendo assim, o objetivo do atual estudo foi avaliar a mecânica respiratória e hemogasometria arterial após manobra de recrutamento alveolar e aplicação de PEEP para manutenção, em equinos ASA I e II submetidos à anestesia geral inalatória para cirurgia artroscópica, bem como qual o melhor valor da PEEP para manutenção do recrutamento alveolar. Para tanto foram utilizados 30 equinos, pesando em média 454 kg, submetidos a cirurgia artroscópica em decúbito dorsal, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos, sendo eles: Controle; PEEP 7; PEEP 12; e PEEP 17. Os animais receberam xilazina (0,6 mg/kg) como MPA, seguida de indução anestésica (quetamina 2,2 mg/kg associado ao diazepam 0,05 mg/kg e EGG 10% 50 mg/kg) e anestesia inalatória com isofluorano. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e submetidos a ventilação com volume controlado (14ml/kg), FR de 7 mpm, relação I:E 1:3, PEEP 7 cmH2O e FiO2 de 0,7. Após período de instrumentação foi realizada MRA por titulação da PEEP a cada 5 minutos até alcançar PEEP de 22 cmH2O, sendo que os animais do grupo Controle não receberam MRA, apenas manutenção com PEEP de 7 cmH2O. Os animais dos outros grupos passaram pela MRA seguido de manutenção com suas PEEP de tratamento (7, 12 ou 17 cmH2O). Os parâmetros de mecânica respiratória e hemogasometria arterial foram avaliados imediatamente antes da MRA; e 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 e 80 minutos após a MRA. Foram também avaliadas a FC, PAS, PAM e PAD, porcentagem de anestésico inalatório inspirado e expirado, ETCO2 e consumo de fármaco vasoativo. Os animais que receberam MRA apresentaram aumento na complacência estática e nos parâmetros de oxigenação após a manobra, nos animais do grupo PEEP 12 e 17 foi observada manutenção do incremento oriundo da MRA por pelo menos 80 minutos. Já os animais do grupo PEEP 7 apresentaram queda do incremento após 20 minutos da manobra, assim como o grupo Controle apresentou queda nos parâmetros de oxigenação e ventilação ao longo do tempo, ambos indicando uma provável fechamento pulmonar devido a PEEP insuficiente para manutenção dos alvéolos abertos. Não foram observadas alterações cardiovasculares nos animais do estudo, apenas leve taquicardia transitória no grupo PEEP 17 logo após a MRA. Portanto as PEEP de 12 e 17 cmH2O utilizadas após a MRA foram capazes de manter os alvéolos abertos, promovendo assim melhor trocas gasosas e o incremento na oxigenação e ventilação dos pacientes. Já os animais que receberam MRA e manutenção com PEEP de 7 cmH2O, foram capazes de manutenção dos alvéolos abertos por apenas 20 minutos / It is known that general anaesthesia by it&rsquo;s self is capable of causing substantial cardiovascular and respiratory depression in horses and this characteristic can be enhanced even more by patient positioned in dorsal recumbence and the administration of high intrathoracic pressures during recruitment manoeuvres used to reverse hypoxemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gas analysis after recruitment manoeuvre and PEEP for maintenance, in horses ASA I and II undergoing general isoflurane-anaesthesia for arthroscopic surgery and what is the best value PEEP to maintain alveolar recruitment. Therefore, we used 30 horses, weighing on average 454 kg, which underwent arthroscopic surgery in the dorsal recumbence, randomly allocated into one of the 4 groups, as follows: Control; PEEP 7; PEEP 12; and PEEP 17. Animals received xylazine (0,6 mg/kg) as pre anaesthetic medication followed by anaesthesia induction (ketamine 2,2 mg/kg associated to diazepam 0,05 mg/kg and EGG 10% 50 mg/kg) and maintenance with isoflurane-anaesthesia. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbence and submitted the volume-controlled ventilation (14ml/kg), RR: 7 mpm, I:E ratio 1:3, 7 cmH2O of PEEP and FiO2 0,7. After instrumentation period was performed RM by PEEP titration every 5 minutes until reach 22 cmH2O of PEEP, and the animals of control group did not receive RM, only maintenance with PEEP 7 cmH2O. The animals of other groups went through the RM followed by maintenance with their treatment PEEP (7, 12 or 17 cmH2O). The respiratory parameters and blood gas samples were assessed immediately before the RM; and 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes after the manoeuvre. We also assessed the HR, SAP, MAP and DAP, percentage of inhaled anaesthetic: inhaled and exhaled, ETCO2 and vasoactive drug consumption. Animals receiving RM showed an increase in static compliance and oxygenation parameters after the manoeuvre, maintenance of the increase coming from the RM were observed in animals from PEEP 12 and 17 group, for at least 80 minutes. The animals in PEEP 7 group decreased the increase after 20 minutes of manoeuvre and the control group decreased the parameters of oxygenation and ventilation over time, both indicating a probable pulmonary closure due to insufficient PEEP to maintain the alveoli opened. Cardiovascular changes were observed in the study animals, only mild transient tachycardia in PEEP 17group soon after RM. Therefore, the PEEP 12 and 17 cmH2O used after RM were able to keep the lung opened, thereby performing better gas exchange and the increase in the oxygenation and ventilation of patients. The animals receiving RM and maintenance PEEP 7 cmH2O were able to maintain the alveoli open for only 20 minutes

<p>Den här uppsatsen har initierats av en upplevd känsla att spaningsförbanden i den svenska armén på senare tid har eftersatts vad gäller antal och hur de nyttjas. Från att ha funnits i stor mängd vid flertalet förband finn nu endast vissa bataljonsspaningsförband kvar.</p><p>Hur dessa nyttjas kopplat till manöverbataljonernas strävan att tillämpa manövertänkande är också svårt att finna svar på i den litteratur som är aktuell i den svenska försvarsmakten.</p><p>Mitt syfte med uppsatsen är att skapa en vetenskaplig text som redogör för hur bataljonsspaningen vid den luftburna bataljonen skulle kunna utnyttjas för att stödja bataljonen i dess strävan att lyckas med manöverkrigföring.</p><p>Med min uppsats gör jag en ansats för att skapa en vetenskaplig text som svarar på frågan:</p><p><em>Hur bör bataljonsspaningsplutonen nyttjas för att stödja bataljonen i dess genomförande av manöverkrigföring?</em></p><p>För att svara på frågan använder jag mig i uppsatsen av en kvalitativ textanalys som jag i vissa fall kompletterar med intervjuer av inom området kunniga individer.</p><p>Det resultat jag kommit fram till är tätt kopplat till hur bataljonen kan använda sig av bataljonsspaningsplutonen för att stödja det dynamiska beslutsfattandet i syfte att maximera möjligheten att tillskansa sig ett ledningsöverläge gentemot motståndaren. Till exempel vikten av att använda bataljonsspaningsplutonen på djupet mot bataljonens andrahands mål och beredduppgifter i syfte att möjliggöra ett högt stridstempo.</p> / <p>This essay discusses how the Swedish air assault battalion could use its recon platoon to maximise their efforts to achieve manoeuvre warfare. The purpose with this essay is to clarify how to use the recon platoon in an effective way and to bring up some thoughts about the need for a manual on how to use recon platoons in light infantry battalions.</p><p>I have used literature that discusses the use of similar units to the air assault recon platoon and also literature that discusses how to lead a battalion in my efforts to clarify how the platoon should be used to support the battalions’ effort to achieve manoeuvre warfare. With help of the literature I have made a discussion and finally I came to some conclusions about how to use the battalions’ recon platoon in order to support the battalions´ effort to achieve manoeuvre warfare. For example one conclusion is the importance to use the recon platoon towards the battalions´ secondary objectives in order to gain a high tempo in operations.</p>

<p>Begreppet tempo har en central roll i dagens manöverkrigföring. En av förutsättningarna för ett högt tempo är underrättelser som ger chefer erforderligt beslutsunderlag.</p><p>De förband och chefer som nyttjar manöverteorin i sin krigföring strävar ständigt att utveckla sin förmåga till väpnad strid enligt manöverteorin. Denna utveckling har exemplifierats i de båda Irakkrigen av den amerikanska armén. Men vad innebär manöverkrigföringens utveckling för underrättelseförbanden? Vilka krav ställer egentligen manövertänkande på inhämtningsförmågan?</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och identifiera en del av de krav som manöverkrigföring ställer på underrättelseinhämtningen.  Detta för att kunna belysa om det finns ett utvecklingsbehov inom ramen för underrättelsebataljonen.</p><p>Denna uppsats är en komparativ studie. Den bygger på kvalitativ textanalys samt en analys av underrättelsebataljonens inhämtningsförmåga följt av en komparation av dessa två analyser.</p><p>Resultatet visar att det är breda och komplicerade krav som manövertänkande ställer på inhämtningsförmågan. Förmågan att bidra till den gemensamma lägesbilden och egna förbands omvärldsuppfattning utpekas som en särskilt viktig förmåga. <strong></strong></p> / <p>The concept of tempo has a central role in today's manoeuvre warfare. One of the preconditions for a high tempo is intelligence that gives leaders the necessary information for decision-making.</p><p>Units and leaders that use the manoeuvre theory in their warfare strives constantly to develop their ability to conduct armed combat according to the manoeuvre theory. This development has been illustrated in the two wars in Iraq, conducted by the American army. But what does the development of manoeuvre warfare really mean for the surveillance units? Which requirements do manoeuvre thinking actually sets on the ability to collect intelligence?</p><p>The overall aim of the thesis is to examine and to identify a part of the requirements that manoeuvre warfare sets on the ability to collect intelligence. In order to shed some light on whether there is a need for development within the underrättelsebataljonen.</p><p>This thesis is a comparative study. It is based on qualitative text analysis and an analysis of the underrättelsebataljonens ability to collect intelligence. Finally, a komparation of these two analyses are presented.</p><p>The result indicates that manoeuvre thinking sets many complicated requirements at the ability to collect intelligence. The ability to contribute to the situation picture and the surrounding world view are an important ability that stands out as vital.</p>