Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Many world hotspots for conservation are located in mountains, which are considered priority areas for preservation of plants and vertebrates species. Species that occur in these locations have functional traits that favor the colonization of forests in high areas. Furthermore, we know little about the biology of these species along elevational gradients, for example, reproductive rate. Thus, the objectives of this thesis were divided into two sections, namely: (1) verify how the species and the different Phyllostomidae guilds vary in richness along an altitudinal gradient and identify the functional traits that facilitate the colonization of forests in high areas, and (2) determine if the reproductive rate of fruit bats Phyllostomidae varies locally and if this variation can be explained by local responses to variations in the abundance of resources. For this, we compiled studies in the Atlantic Forest of southern and southeastern Brazil through database (Capes bank of thesis; Scielo; Web of Science), journals and the database of Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) of Instituto de Biologia of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). After the selection of 35 different species of Phyllostomidae bats of 45 different locations, where the altitude varies between 60 and 2.450 m.a.s.l., 10 functional traits for each species were selected: trophic guild (GT), trophic level (NT), relative wing load (CRA), aspect ratio (AA), degree requirement forest habitat (GEHF), using natural cavities (UCN), southern latitudinal limit (LLS), body mass (MC), forearm size (TA) and body size (TC). The selected functional traits were related to an altitudinal index, calculated for each species, and those with greater correlation were chosen to be the best model to describe and determine the main functional traits that lead the species to colonize forests in high areas. Furthermore, we considered species with over 300 captures (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) to verify the effect of altitude on their reproductive rate. We found that there was a decline in the abundance and richness of Phyllostomidae species in high altitudes, with a decline in the abundance of fruit bats and increase of hematophagous species. The nectarivorous bats, gleaners and omnivore bats were not affected by altitude. The results also indicated that the forest habitat requirements degree was the main functional trait that leads the species to colonize forests in high areas, and the use of natural cavities and southern latitudinal limit could be relevant to colonize. All bat species had a higher reproductive rate in months of major rainfall (October to March). Sturnira lilium was the species that has the highest reproductive rate in high altitudes, which coincides with the area where there is a greater wealth and abundance of Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. had a higher reproductive rate in medium and low altitudes, where there is a greater richness of Ficus species and Carollia perspicillata showed no altitudinal preference for reproduction. At the areas with larger bat abundance, more reproducing females were observed, as these sites appear to have a higher amount of resources. The conservation of the whole altitudinal gradient with the possible implementation of conservation units is necessary, because bat species occur in greater abundance at different altitudes and reproduce at different altitudes. / Em ?reas montanhosas localizam-se muitos hotspots mundiais para conserva??o, sendo que esses locais s?o considerados ?reas priorit?rias para preserva??o de esp?cies de plantas e vertebrados. Esp?cies que ocorrem nesses locais possuem tra?os funcionais que propiciam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, pouco ? conhecido sobre a biologia dessas esp?cies em gradientes altitudinais, como por exemplo sua taxa reprodutiva. Sendo assim, os objetivos da presente tese foram divididos em dois cap?tulos, sendo eles: (1) verificar como as esp?cies e as diferentes guildas de Phyllostomidae variam ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal e identificar que tra?os funcionais facilitam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas e (2) determinar se a taxa reprodutiva de morcegos Phyllostomidae frug?voros varia localmente e se esta varia??o pode ser explicada pelas respostas locais ? varia??o na abund?ncia de recursos. Para isto, compilamos estudos realizados na Floresta Atl?ntica do sul e sudeste do Brasil atrav?s de banco de dados (banco de teses da CAPES; Scielo; Web of Science), revistas especializadas, e do banco de dados do Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Ap?s a sele??o de 35 diferentes esp?cies de morcegos Phyllostomidae de 45 diferentes localidades, onde a altitude variou entre 60 e 2.450 m de altitude, selecionamos 10 tra?os funcionais para cada esp?cie: guilda tr?fica (GT), n?vel tr?fico (NT), carga relativa da asa (CRA), aspecto da asa (AA), grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal (GEHF), utiliza??o de cavidades naturais (UCN), limite latitudinal sul (LLS), massa corporal (MC), tamanho do antebra?o (TA) e tamanho corporal (TC). Os tra?os funcionais selecionados foram relacionados com um ?ndice altitudinal, representando a altitude em que a esp?cie ? mais abundante, e aqueles tra?os funcionais que apresentaram maior correla??o foram submetidos a escolha de melhor modelo para descrever quais foram os principais tra?os funcionais que levam as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, consideramos as esp?cies com mais de 300 capturas (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) para verificar o efeito da altitude sobre sua taxa reprodutiva, relacionando a propor??o de animais em reprodu??o com a altitude. Encontramos uma queda na abund?ncia e riqueza de esp?cies de Phyllostomidae em altitudes elevadas, com queda na abund?ncia de frug?voros e aumento de esp?cies de h?bitos hemat?fagos. As guildas de nectar?voros, catadores e on?voros n?o foram influenciadas pela altitude. Nossos resultados tamb?m indicaram que o grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal foi o principal tra?o funcional que leva as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas, sendo que a utiliza??o de cavidades naturais e o limite latitudinal sul tamb?m podem ser relevantes para a coloniza??o. Todas as esp?cies de morcegos apresentaram maior taxa reprodutiva nos meses em que historicamente ocorrem maiores precipita??es (de outubro a mar?o). Sturnira lilium foi a esp?cie que apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em altitudes elevadas, sendo esta taxa coincidente com a ?rea onde h? maior riqueza e abund?ncia de Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em m?dias e baixas altitudes, locais onde h? maior riqueza de esp?cies de Ficus e Carollia perspicillata n?o apresentou prefer?ncia altitudinal para a reprodu??o. Naquelas localidades onde a abund?ncia de morcegos foi maior, mais f?meas estavam reproduzindo-se, sendo que estes locais parecem ter maiores quantidades de recursos. Mostra-se necess?rio a conserva??o de todo o gradiente altitudinal com a poss?vel implanta??o de unidades de conserva??o, pois determinadas esp?cies de morcegos ocorrem em maior abund?ncia em altitudes diferentes, al?m de se reproduzirem em altitudes diferentes

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-07-31T21:39:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Fernando Flores.pdf: 2552427 bytes, checksum: 56e64e9a4e8e38fa82bdf2d85f521c8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-31T21:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Fernando Flores.pdf: 2552427 bytes, checksum: 56e64e9a4e8e38fa82bdf2d85f521c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Mixed flocks of birds are clusters of two or more species whose formation and cohesion depend on behavioral interactions among members. This study investigated the specific composition of mixed flocks in the Atlantic Forest area of Bahia, Brazil, considering the seasonal dynamics of flocks, the vertical distribution of their species, and the determination of species-nucleus, which are responsible for attracting and maintaining the cohesionof other species flocks. From August 2012 to August 2013, monthly expeditions of five days were conducted at the region of the Ecopolo I,in Pratigi Environmental Protection Area (Ibirapitanga, Bahia).The following data were recorded for each mixed-flock contacted: the specific composition, the number of individuals of each species and, when it was possible, the height of foraging, the occurrence of agonistic interactions, estimated intensity of movement and vocalization for each species. Furthermore, the contacts of mixed-flocks component species were recorded when they were seen out of the flocks, observing the foraging height and evidences of reproductive behavior.Was registered 113 contacts with mixed flocks, with a total of 51 species of birds, representing about 30% of the species recorded in the study area.In flocks, the most representative families were Thraupidae and Thamnophilidae - counting this one with two endangered species. Mixed flocks occurred throughout the whole year, being more frequent in August and less frequent from September to April.Due to the constantly rainfall throughoutyear in the study area, there was no correlation between frequency, richness and size of flocks with the monthly pluviosity. There was a negative correlation with the frequency of flocks and temperature. The richness and the size of flocks did not correlate with the temperature.The average richness in flocks was 5,1 ? 2,6 species, and the average size of 5 ? 5,2, individuals, these two variables were correlated positively (r = 0.81, p = <0.0001). The richness was different between the vegetation strato, being the understory flocks richer than the ones in canopy. However, in relation to size of individual numbers, the understory and canopy flocks didn?t present significant difference, because the canopy flocks were composed by a great number of Thraupidaespecies, that happened in large intraspecific group. Inside or outside of mixed flocks, all species foraged in the same height range of vegetation.Among the five most frequent flocks species, three were considered to be species-nucleus(Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Lanio cristatusandMyrmotherula urosticta),presenting a higher degree of associations between all species, and capable of recruiting more species for flocks when they took place; flocks where these species-nucleus occurred were richer, indicating that, when put together, these species increased the ability to recruit other species. / Bandos mistos de aves s?o agrupamentos de duas ou mais esp?cies cuja forma??o e coes?o se devema intera??es comportamentais entre seus integrantes. Este estudo investigou a composi??o espec?fica dos bandos mistos em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica da Bahia, considerando a din?mica sazonal dos bandos, a distribui??o vertical de suas esp?cies e a determina??o das esp?cies-n?cleo, que s?o as respons?veis por atrair e manter coesas as demais esp?cies nos bandos. Foram realizadas, de agosto de 2012 a agosto de 2013, expedi??es mensais de cinco dias para a regi?o do Ecopolo I da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental do Pratigi (Ibirapitanga, Bahia), quando eram registrados os dados de cada bando misto contatado: composi??o espec?fica, n?mero de indiv?duos de cada esp?cie e, sempre que poss?vel, a altura de forrageamento, a ocorr?ncia de agonismos e intensidades estimadas de movimenta??o e vocaliza??o de cada esp?cie; al?m disto, eram registrados os contatos com as esp?cies participantes de bandos mistos quando vistas fora destes, sendo observadas suas alturas de forrageio e evid?ncias de comportamentos reprodutivos. Foram feitos 113 contatos com bandos mistos, dos quais 51 esp?cies de aves, que representam cerca de 30% das esp?cies registradas na ?rea de estudo, participaram. Nos bandos, as fam?lias mais representadas foram Thraupidae e Thamnophilidae ? dentre esta ?ltima, duas esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o. Os bandos mistos ocorreram durante o ano todo, sendo mais frequentes no m?s de agosto e menos frequentes nos meses de setembro a abril. Devido ? ocorr?ncia de chuvas ao longo do ano todo na ?rea de estudo, n?o houve correla??o entre frequ?ncia, riqueza e tamanho dos bandos com a pluviosidade mensal; houve correla??o negativa entre a frequ?ncia dos bandos e a temperatura, n?o havendo correla??o da temperatura com riqueza e tamanho dos bandos. A riqueza m?dia nos bandos foi 5,1? 2,6esp?cies e o tamanho m?dio de,5 ? 5,2, indiv?duos, sendo estas duas vari?veis correlacionadas positivamente(r = 0,81; p = < 0,0001). Houve diferen?a na riqueza entre os estratos da vegeta??o, sendo que no sub-bosque os bandos eram mais ricos que os de dossel. No entanto, quanto ao tamanho, em n?mero de indiv?duos, os bandos de sub-bosque e dossel n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa, pois os bandos de dossel eram compostos por um grande n?mero de esp?cies de traup?deos que ocorriam em grupos intraespec?ficos grandes. Dentro ou fora dos bandos mistos, todas as esp?cies forrageavam na mesma faixa de altura da vegeta??o. Das cinco esp?cies mais frequentes nos bandos, tr?s foram consideradas como esp?cies-n?cleo (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Lanio cristatus e Myrmotherula urosticta), apresentando um maior grau de associa??es entre todas as esp?cies e capazes de arregimentar mais esp?cies para os bandos onde ocorriam; os bandos onde estas esp?cies-n?cleo ocorriam eram mais ricos, indicando que, quando juntas, estas esp?cies aumentavam a capacidade de arregimentar outras esp?cies.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-05T23:11:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Aline G?es.pdf: 1583356 bytes, checksum: 25f6a13a73abce0f5006e99d3dcf5038 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T23:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Aline G?es.pdf: 1583356 bytes, checksum: 25f6a13a73abce0f5006e99d3dcf5038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Studies on hummingbird/plant interactions in the Atlantic Forest have been providing major data on ornithophilous plants and on the role of these birds as pollen vectors and maintainers of plant communities. The aim of this study was to investigate a plant community used by hummingbirds, in order to recognize flowering phenological patterns and to identify pollen loads transported by visiting trochilidae. Fieldwork was performed from April 2009 to August 2011 in the understory of an Atlantic Forest area within Michelin Ecological Reserve, in Igrapi?na municipality, Bahia State. We identified hummingbirds from focal observations in flowering plants, recording their foraging strategies and the local of pollen deposition in their bodies. Data on morphology and floral biology were recorded for plants visited by hummingbirds, such as the number of flowers and buds monthly produced and if the plant was ornithophilous or not. Pollen attached to the beak, head, throat and chest of captured hummingbirds was removed, identified and counted in laboratory. About 18 plant species, most of them ornithophilous (83%), were visited by 13 hummingbird species, with Phaethornis ruber being the most frequent pollen vector. The plant community showed a continuous flowering, with sequential flowering peaks during the studied period. Sixteen pollen types and eight hummingbird species were recorded, with the beak being the main area for pollen deposition (58%), followed by the head (30%), throat (11%) and chest (1%). Differences on the local of pollen deposition on birds reduce the chance of mixing pollen from different species, allowing their coexistence by the sharing of the same pollen vector. Continuous flowering within the plant community assure the presence of their pollinators in the area, avoiding population dislocation towards floral resources. A high investment on floral morphology specialization allows a great deposition of pollen grains over a safe place on the body of the hummingbirds, maximizing plant reproductive success. / Os estudos sobre intera??es planta/beija-flor em Mata Atl?ntica t?m fornecido informa??es importantes sobre plantas ornit?filas e o uso de beija-flores como vetores de p?len e o papel destas aves na manuten??o de comunidades vegetais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a comunidade vegetal utilizada por beija-flores, conhecer o padr?o fenol?gico de flora??o da comunidade al?m de identificar a carga pol?nica transportada pelos troquil?deos visitantes. O estudo foi realizado de abril de 2009 a agosto de 2011, no sub-bosque de uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica na Reserva Ecol?gica da Michelin, Igrapi?na, Bahia. Os beija-flores foram identificados a partir de observa??es focais em plantas floridas, registrando suas estrat?gias de forrageio e o local de deposi??o de p?len no corpo das aves. Das plantas visitadas pelos beija-flores, foram registrados dados sobre morfologia e biologia floral, sendo classificadas como ornit?fila ou n?o ornit?fila, e o n?mero de flores e bot?es produzidos mensalmente. Dos beija-flores capturados, foi removido o p?len impregnado em seu bico, cabe?a, garganta e peito. Os tipos pol?nicos foram identificados e contabilizados em laborat?rio. Foram registradas dezoito esp?cies de plantas, a maioria ornit?fila (83%), sendo visitadas por beija-flores. Treze esp?cies de beija-flores visitaram as plantas, sendo Phaethornis ruber o vetor de p?len mais frequente. Durante o per?odo de estudo, a comunidade vegetal apresentou flora??o cont?nua com picos de flora??o sequenciais. Dezesseis tipos pol?nicos foram identificados em oito esp?cies de beija-flores capturadas, sendo o bico o principal local de deposi??o de p?len (58%), seguido da cabe?a (30%), garganta (11%) e peito (1%). Diverg?ncias no local de deposi??o de p?len no corpo das aves reduz a probabilidade de mistura de p?len heteroespec?fico, permitindo a coexist?ncia de plantas que se beneficiam da partilha de polinizadores. A flora??o cont?nua da comunidade garante a presen?a de seus polinizadores na ?rea, evitando deslocamentos populacionais em busca de recurso. O alto investimento na morfologia floral especializada proporciona a deposi??o de grande quantidade de gr?os de p?len em local seguro do corpo da ave, maximizando o sucesso reprodutivo vegetal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKOA_DISSERT.pdf: 1986200 bytes, checksum: d86826aeca9a3190905fe12b68562cd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / The anthropical action caused destruction of great part of the Atlantic forest remaining today around 7% to 8% of the original portion. A classical example of the degradation is the situation of the Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) which appellant exploration summarized abruptly decreased the wild occurrence of the species. Besides the economic exploration and the threat of extinction, the plant shows some characteristics that its own physiology makes difficult the survival in natural conditions. For this reason, any strategy developed to conserve it should also guarantee ways for its multiplication. In these conditions, the only reasonable technology is micropropagation in vitro based on immature segments of Catullus (explants or internodes). However, in virtue of the threat of extinction, extractivism and fenology, the disponibility of the sources of explants are reduced. Then, to turn this around, the present research showed the hypothesis that arrange these explants would have as a solution to elaborate a bank of matrixes and the utilization of produced seedlings as source of explant. Then, assuming that the soil is a fundamental element for a good formation of the seedlings, there were tests in a greenhouse on the Laboratory of plant biotechnology at UFRN, from May to June of 2008 that showed the influence of the four different soils on the production of Pau-Brasil. The objective of this work was to make possible the seedlings production of the specie and from them to establish a bank of matrixes as source of explant to guarantee the continuity of the process of micropropagation, contributing with the preservation of the specie / A a??o antr?pica causou a destrui??o de grande parte da Mata Atl?ntica restando hoje apenas cerca de 7% a 8% da sua por??o original. Um exemplo cl?ssico dessa degrada??o ? a situa??o do Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) cuja explora??o recorrente resumiu drasticamente a ocorr?ncia silvestre da esp?cie. Al?m da explora??o econ?mica e da amea?ada de extin??o, a planta apresenta ainda caracter?sticas de sua pr?pria fisiologia que dificultam a sobreviv?ncia em condi??es naturais. Por esse motivo, qualquer estrat?gia desenvolvida para conserv?-la deve tamb?m garantir meios para sua multiplica??o. Nessas condi??es, a ?nica tecnologia plaus?vel ? a micropropaga??o in vitro a partir de segmentos imaturos de caule (os explantes). Entretanto, em virtude da amea?a de extin??o, do extrativismo e da fenologia, a disponibilidade das fontes de explante ? reduzida. Ent?o, para contornar esse contratempo, a presente pesquisa trabalhou a hip?tese de que para dispor desses explantes a solu??o seria elaborar um banco de matrizes e utilizar as mudas produzidas como fonte de explante. Ent?o, partindo do pressuposto de que o substrato ? um elemento fundamental para boa forma??o de mudas, testou-se em casa de vegeta??o do Laborat?rio de Biotecnologia Vegetal da UFRN, no per?odo de maio a junho de 2008, a influ?ncia de quatro diferentes substratos sobre a produ??o plantas de Pau-Brasil. O objetivo aqui foi viabilizar a produ??o de mudas da esp?cie e a partir das mesmas estabelecer um matrizeiro como fonte de explante para garantir a continuidade do processo de micropropaga??o, contribuindo assim com a preserva??o da esp?cie

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-04T17:34:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) estela_maria_boscov_garcia.pdf: 2326311 bytes, checksum: 4d1a095a41b6ba912642110830afa021 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T13:34:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) estela_maria_boscov_garcia.pdf: 2326311 bytes, checksum: 4d1a095a41b6ba912642110830afa021 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T13:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) estela_maria_boscov_garcia.pdf: 2326311 bytes, checksum: 4d1a095a41b6ba912642110830afa021 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Te?filo Otoni foi o primeiro munic?pio de Minas Gerais a elaborar e aprovar o seu Plano Municipal de Conserva??o e Recupera??o da Mata Atl?ntica (PMMA), em atendimento a Lei n? 11.428/2006 que ? obrigat?ria para todos os munic?pios que apresentam o bioma Mata Atl?ntica. O munic?pio foi escolhido como projeto piloto do Estado, por apresentar significativos remanescentes florestais de Mata Atl?ntica, resguardando aproximadamente 16% de cobertura florestal e ser uma cidade polo regional da regi?o nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais. Outro fator importante, o Munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni possui 28,94% de sua superf?cie inserida na ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental (APA) do Alto Mucuri. Este trabalho apresenta elementos normativos e t?cnicos necess?rios ? cria??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, com o objetivo de nortear a implanta??o do Plano Municipal de Conserva??o e Recupera??o da Mata Atl?ntica do Munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni (PMMATO), como instrumento de a??o no planejamento territorial. S?o objetos de estudo o Munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni e as seguintes partes do PMMATO: diagn?stico participativo, pontos fortes e fracos da gest?o ambiental e o plano de a??o. Pela metodologia utilizada, analisou-se as vari?veis qualitativas e quantitativas dos dados e informa??es dispon?veis no PMMATO; em institui??es p?blicas; livros; teses; disserta??es; artigos e outros planos municipais. Utilizou-se o m?todo comparativo, com a finalidade de trazer ? luz: outras refer?ncias de planejamentos; modelos participativos de gest?o e incrementos para a discuss?o das alternativas de solu??o dos problemas, indicados pelas comunidades. Pretende-se com este estudo, contribuir com reflex?es acerca da gest?o pol?tica, administrativa e social no ?mbito municipal, atrav?s de modelos de governabilidade e de governan?a que sinalizem as condi??es necess?rias ao cumprimento das estrat?gias estabelecidas como priorit?rias. Pretende-se colaborar com instrumentos de pol?ticas p?blicas necess?rios ao planejamento territorial, para a efetiva??o e aplicabilidade do PMMATO, como uma pol?tica p?blica para a gest?o ambiental do Munic?pio de Te?filo Otoni. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Te?filo Otoni was the first municipality in Minas Gerais to prepare and approve its Municipal Plan for the Conservation and Recovery of the Atlantic Forest (PMMA), in compliance with Law 11,428 / 2006, which is mandatory for all municipalities that present the Atlantic Forest biome. The municipality was chosen as a pilot project of the State, because it presents significant forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest, protecting approximately 16% of forest cover and being a regional polo city of the northeast region of the State of Minas Gerais. Another important factor, the Municipality of Te?filo Otoni has 28.94% of its surface inserted in the Area of. Environmental Protection (APA) of Alto Mucuri. This work presents normative and technical elements necessary for the creation of public policies, with the purpose of guiding the implantation of the Municipal Forest Conservation and Recovery Plan of the Municipality of Te?filo Otoni (PMMATO), as an instrument of action in the territorial planning. The Municipality of Te?filo Otoni and the following parts of the PMMATO are participatory: participatory diagnosis, strengths and weaknesses of environmental management and the action plan. Using the methodology used, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative variables of the data and information available in PMMATO, in public institutions, books, theses, dissertations, articles and other municipal plans. The comparative method was used, in order to bring to light: other references of planning. Participative models of management and increments for the discussion of the alternatives of solution of the problems, indicated by the communities. The purpose of this study is to contribute with reflections on political, administrative and social management at the municipal level, through governance and governance models that signal the necessary conditions to fulfill the strategies established as priorities. We intend to collaborate with public policy instruments necessary for territorial planning, for the effectiveness and applicability of PMMATO, as a public policy for the environmental management of the Municipality of Te?filo Otoni.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-06T11:57:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Instituto Terra de Prote??o Ambiental, ITPA, Brasil. / The air basin is a three-dimensional space that conduct and distribute the winds over the drainage basin. In Rio de Janeiro?s state, 48% of the territory is constituted by Atlantic slope, where were registered 16 air basins with specific environmental features, distributed in 20% of the area. Based on the conformation of morphometrics parameters the air basins were grouped, by Multivariate Analysis - Cluster, with Euclidean distance of 48%, significance level of 95% and correlation coefficient of 0.7132, in 5 groups with similar forms. To evaluate the hydrologic effects within the air basins, it was used as a study case, the air basin of Angra dos Reis, where the magnitude of the interception of clouds was measured in the escape zone from the topographic divide of the Pirai river basin (leeward), in different distance away, with and without natural barriers, during the winter and summer. It was used vertical intercept sampling area equivalent to 0.45% of the forests in the region. The variation of the removal of the topographic divide occurred until 500 m of altitude, this limit may be the end of the escape zone and the beginning of the air basin distribution zone. The effect of air basin represented additional of 44% of the volume of rain in topographic divide (point 1), 39% at 4.5 km (point 2) and 42% at 7.5 km (point 3) of the point 1, in concordant direction of the flow. The effect of the orography in the trajectory of the winds, varied in an irregular way in winter and in summer, maintaining differential of 23% and 77% in point A (obstruction of 85% of the cross section) and 32% and 68% in point B (obstruction of 80% of the cross section). In areas under the influence of air basins, the variables and environmental processes can be crucial to offer environmental services in drainage basins. / A Bacia A?rea ? um espa?o tridimensional que conduz e distribui os ventos sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 48% do territ?rio ? composto pela vertente Atl?ntica, onde foram registradas 16 bacias a?reas com caracter?sticas ambientais espec?ficas, distribu?das em 20% da ?rea. Baseado na conforma??o de par?metros morfom?tricos as bacias a?reas foram agrupadas, atrav?s de An?lise Multivariada ? Cluster, com dist?ncia Euclidiana de 48%, n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% e coeficiente de correla??o de 0,7132 em 5 grupos com formas similares. Para avaliar os efeitos hidrol?gicos dentro das bacias a?reas, utilizou-se como estudo de caso a bacia a?rea de Angra dos Reis, onde a magnitude da vari?vel intercepta??o das nuvens foi medida na zona de escape, a partir do interfl?vio da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pirai (sotavento), em dist?ncias de afastamento distintas, com e sem barreiras orogr?ficas, durante o inverno e ver?o. Utilizou-se ?rea amostral de intercepta??o vertical equivalente a 0,45% das florestas da regi?o. A varia??o do afastamento do interfl?vio ocorreu at? desn?vel de 500 m em altitude, podendo ser este limite o fim da zona de escape e in?cio da zona de distribui??o da bacia a?rea. O efeito da bacia a?rea representou adicional de 44% em volume de chuva no interfl?vio (ponto 1), 39% a 4,5 km (ponto 2) e 42% a 7,5 km (ponto 3) do ponto 1 em dire??o concordante ao sentido do fluxo. O efeito da orografia no corredor variou de forma irregular no inverno e no ver?o, mantendo diferencial de 23% e 77% no ponto A (obstru??o de 85% da se??o transversal) e 32% e 68% , no ponto B (obstru??o de 80% da se??o transversal). Em ?reas sob influ?ncia de bacias a?reas, as vari?veis e processos ambientais podem ser determinantes para ofertar servi?os ambientais nas bacias hidrogr?ficas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RalfoGP_DISSERT_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 608925 bytes, checksum: dbfcce5de284f89c5cdaee179cdd9bc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The microorganisms play very important roles in maintaining ecosystems, which explains the enormous interest in understanding the relationship between these organisms as well as between them and the environment. It is estimated that the total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth is between 4 and 6 x 1030, constituting an enormous biological and genetic pool to be explored. Although currently only 1% of all this wealth can be cultivated by standard laboratory techniques, metagenomic tools allow access to the genomic potential of environmental samples in a independent culture manner, and in combination with third generation sequencing technologies, the samples coverage become even greater. Soils, in particular, are the major reservoirs of this diversity, and many important environments around us, as the Brazilian biomes Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, are poorly studied. Thus, the genetic material from environmental soil samples of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes were extracted by direct techniques, pyrosequenced, and the sequences generated were analyzed by bioinformatics programs (MEGAN MG-RAST and WEBCarma). Taxonomic comparative profiles of the samples showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most representative. In addition, fungi of the phylum Ascomycota were identified predominantly in the soil sample from the Atlantic Forest. Metabolic profiles showed that despite the existence of environmental differences, sequences from both samples were similarly placed in the various functional subsystems, indicating no specific habitat functions. This work, a pioneer in taxonomic and metabolic comparative analysis of soil samples from Brazilian biomes, contributes to the knowledge of these complex environmental systems, so far little explored / Os microorganismos desempenham importantes fun??es na manuten??o dos ecossistemas, o que explica o enorme interesse em compreender as rela??es existentes entre estes organismos, bem como entre eles e o meio. Estima-se que o n?mero total de c?lulas procari?ticas na Terra seja entre 4 e 6 x 1030, constituindo um enorme pool biol?gico e gen?tico a ser explorado. Apesar de atualmente apenas 1% de toda essa riqueza poder ser cultivada por t?cnicas laboratoriais padr?o, ferramentas metagen?micas permitem o acesso ao potencial gen?mico de amostras ambientais de forma independente de cultivo, e em associa??o com tecnologias de sequenciamento da terceira gera??o, a cobertura amostral se torna ainda maior. Solos, em particular, s?o os maiores reservat?rios dessa diversidade, e muitos ambientes importantes ao nosso redor, como os biomas brasileiros Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica, s?o pouco estudados. Sendo assim, o material gen?tico ambiental de amostras de solo dos biomas Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica foi extra?do atrav?s de t?cnicas diretas, pirosequenciado, e as seq??ncias geradas foram analisadas atrav?s de programas de bioinform?tica (MEGAN, MG-RAST e WEBCarma). Perfis taxon?micos comparativos das amostras mostraram que os filos Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria e Planctomycetes foram os mais representativos. Em adi??o, fungos do filo Ascomycota foram identificados predominantemente na amostra de solo de Mata Atl?ntica. Perfis metab?licos mostraram que, apesar da exist?ncia de diferen?as ambientais, sequ?ncias de ambas as amostras foram inseridas similarmente nos diversos subsistemas funcionais, n?o indicando fun??es habitat espec?ficas. Este trabalho, pioneiro em an?lises taxon?micas e metab?licas comparativas de amostras de solo de biomas brasileiros, contribui para o conhecimento destes sistemas ambientais complexos, at? ent?o pouco explorados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoEG.pdf: 1575476 bytes, checksum: 69b3b246ecaefc37e28526c15d4b4ba0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-06 / Ectomycorrhizal associations are poorly known from tropical lowlands of South America. Recent field trips to the reserve Parque Estadual das Dunas in Natal, in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, revealed a undocumented community of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This type of Mycorrhizal association is frequently in the north hemisphere in temperate and boreal forests. The aim of this work is to analyze the occurrence of ectotrophic areas in atlantic rainforest. Collections along and around the trails in the reserve revealed six genera of putatively ECM fungi which belong to the basidiomycete, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, Entolomataceae, and Sclerodermataceae family which are poorly documented in Brazil. Plants belonging to Myrtaceae, Polygonaceae, Leguminosae/Caesalpinioideae, Erythroxylaceae, Malphigiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Loganiaceae, Sapotaceae e Celastraceae were found living next to the species of fungi analized. Our results suggest that the area studied is an ectotrophic environment which shows high diversity of putatively ECM fungi and some plants probably host ECM. The tropical lands are a potential focus to study reinforced by the new records of Scleroderma in Brazil and Northwest of Brazil / As associa??es ectomicorr?zicas nos tr?picos e principalmente nas regi?es de mata nativa na Am?rica do Sul s?o pouco conhecidas. Sabe-se que esse tipo de associa??o ocorre predominantemente no hemisf?rio norte em florestas temperadas e boreais. O objetivo deste trabalho ? verificar a ocorr?ncia de ambientes ectotr?ficos em ?reas de mata atl?ntica. Estudos de campo feitos no Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, relevou uma comunidade de fungos ectomicorr?zicos. Seis g?neros de fungos ectomicorr?zicos foram encontrados em coletas realizadas ao longo das trilhas do Parque, os quais pertencem a fam?lias de basidiomicetos Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, Entolomataceae, e Sclerodermataceae, cujos registros s?o escassos para o Brasil. Tamb?m foram encontradas plantas pertencentes ?s fam?lias Myrtaceae, Polygonaceae, Leguminosae/Caesalpinioideae, Erythroxylaceae, Malphigiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Loganiaceae, Sapotaceae e Celastraceae coocorrendo com os esp?cimes de fungos encontrados. Os resultados sugerem que o Parque das Dunas se caracteriza como uma ?rea ectotr?fica, apresentando uma alta diversidade de fungos ectomicorr?zicos e algumas fam?lias de plantas com incid?ncia ectomicorr?zica. Verificou-se ainda um potencial objeto de estudo em ?reas de mata atl?ntica refor?ado pelos novos registros de Scleroderma tanto para o nordeste do Brasil quanto para o pa?s

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaLPFA_DISSERT.pdf: 1836066 bytes, checksum: 2689d84603905e3a45011ce00c265bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-05 / An organisms movement within and between habitats is an essential trait of life history, one that shapes population dynamics, communities and ecosystems in space and time. Since the ability to perceive and react to specific conditions varies greatly between organisms, different movement patterns are generated. These, in turn, will reflect the way species persist in the original habitat and surrounding patches. This study evaluated patterns of movement of frugivorous butterflies in order to estimate the connectivity of a landscape mosaic in an area of Atlantic Forest. For this purpose, we used the capture-mark-recapture method on butterflies trapped with fermented fruit bait in three distinct habitats. The first represents a typical Atlantic forest fragment, while the other two represent man-made matrix habitats. One contains a coconut plantation and the other a plantation of the exotic Acacia mangium species. Five traps were randomly placed in each landscape unit in areas of 40 x 40m. Using recapture data and relating it to distance between captures and habitat structure, I found that movement frequencies, both within and between landscape units were different for the analyzed species, suggesting that they do not interpret and react to the landscape in the same way. Thus this study was able to measure landscape functional connectivity. For most species, the exchange between forest and coconut plantations occurred with low frequency compared to exchanges between the forest and acacia plantations, which share more structural similarities. This seems to indicate that a matrix that is more similar to patches of native vegetation can shelter species, permit their movement and, consequently, contribute to the landscape connectivity / O movimento de organismos dentro e entre unidades de habitat ? um tra?o essencial da hist?ria de vida que molda a din?mica das popula??es, comunidades e ecossistemas no espa?o e no tempo. Como a habilidade de perceber e reagir ?s condi??es espec?ficas de habitat varia grandemente entre os organismos, diferentes padr?es de movimento s?o gerados. Estes, por sua vez, v?o refletir na forma com que esp?cies persistem nos remanescentes de habitat original e de entorno. Este estudo avaliou padr?es de movimento de borboletas frug?voras para estimar a conectividade em um mosaico paisag?stico em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica. Para tal foi utilizado o m?todo de Captura-Marca??o-Recaptura de borboletas, utilizando armadilhas com iscas de fruta fermentada, em tr?s tipos de habitats. O primeiro, mata, representa as condi??es normais de um remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica, ao passo que os outros dois representam matrizes antropog?nicas, contendo planta??o de coqueiro em uma delas e planta??o de uma ?rvore ex?tica (Acacia mangium). Cinco armadilhas foram aleatoriamente colocadas em cada unidade da paisagem em ?reas de 40 x 40m. Usando dados de frequ?ncia de captura de borboletas e relacionando com dados de dist?ncia entre armadilhas e estrutura dos habitats, encontrei que as frequ?ncias de movimento, tanto dentro quanto entre unidades da paisagem s?o diferentes para as esp?cies analisadas, indicando que as mesmas n?o parecem sentir e reagir ? paisagem da mesma maneira. Assim, este estudo conseguiu medir conectividade funcional na paisagem. Para a maioria das esp?cies, as trocas entre mata e coqueiral ocorreram com baixa frequ?ncia, em compara??o ?s trocas entre mata e ac?cia, que compartilham mais semelhan?as estruturais. Os resultados sugerem que uma matriz mais similar a manchas de vegeta??o nativa pode abrigar esp?cies, ser perme?vel ao movimento e, consequentemente, contribuir para conectividade da paisagem

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorHCP_DISSERT.pdf: 3748116 bytes, checksum: c0dfafc19b791663a4100df02ee357a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Atlantic Forest biome occupies much of the Atlantic coast of Brazil, in addition to portions of Paraguay and Argentina. Due mainly to its biodiversity which falls in the group of global hotspots, i.e., areas that have high priority for conservation. Although currently there are some available devices that assist in their protection in the course of the history of occupation and exploitation of the Brazilian territory, this biome has gone, and is still going through, an intense process of devastation, caused mainly by the pressure from economic activities, culminating in a significant reduction of its area and consequent fragmentation of the landscape, which brings with hosts a series of problems at various scales and aspects. As in most municipalities included in the reach area of the biome, the situation of forest fragmentation in Tibau do Sul / RN is quite critical, reflecting on a truly diverse landscape with broad typology of land uses. Among the alternatives aimed at the conservation of this biome include the creation of protected areas and the creation of ecological corridors, the latter being more efficient by connecting the remaining forests, increasing landscape connectivity, providing significant gains in relation to biodiversity. However, a major problem on implementation of Ecological Corridors projects is related to the selection of areas for this purpose, in this sense Geography can provide important contributions through the integrated study of landscape in the light of the geosystemic approach and the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to permit assessment of reality having as a base the integration of ecological, biological and man-made aspects. Thus, this research aims to indicate potential areas and propose scenarios delimitation of Ecological Corridors in the municipality of Tibau do Sul / RN through Geographic Inference techniques in GIS platform. Therefore, the methodology adopted is based on the Geosystemic approach. From these elements were created 4 models to indicate potential areas for implementation of Ecological Corridors from the environmental perspective (potential erosion), socioeconomic (cover and land prices), legislative (areas protected by environmental legislation) and integrated (combination of environmental factors, socioeconomic and legislative), which in turn served as a basis for proposing scenarios aimed at this purpose. The results showed that all models can be quite useful in indicating potential areas for the establishment of ecological corridors, especially when based on an integrated approach between environmental and anthropogenic. The Corridors delimitation proposes shown may perform duties beyond the establishment of connectivity between fragments, since they also may have usefulness in controlling erosion and protecting fragile environments. Among the models developed, the integrated constituted itself as the best option because it enabled the interconnection of a larger number of fragments from a better use of the potentialities present in the landscape / O bioma Mata Atl?ntica ocupa grande parte da costa Atl?ntica brasileira, al?m de por??es do Paraguai e da Argentina. Em raz?o, sobretudo, de sua biodiversidade enquadra-se no grupo dos hotspots mundiais, ou seja, ?reas que apresentam extrema prioridade de conserva??o. Embora atualmente estejam dispon?veis alguns dispositivos que auxiliam na sua prote??o, no decorrer da hist?ria da ocupa??o e explora??o do territ?rio brasileiro, esse bioma passou, e ainda passa, por um intenso processo de devasta??o, provocado, sobretudo pela press?o exercida pelas atividades econ?micas, culminando em uma relevante redu??o de sua ?rea e em uma consequente fragmenta??o da paisagem, o que traz consigo uma s?rie de problemas em diversas escalas e aspectos. Assim como em grande parte dos munic?pios inclu?dos na ?rea de abrang?ncia do bioma, a situa??o de fragmenta??o florestal em Tibau do Sul/RN ? bastante cr?tica, refletindo assim em uma paisagem deveras diversificada com ampla tipologia de usos do solo. Dentre as alternativas que visam ? conserva??o do referido bioma destacam-se a cria??o de Unidades de Conserva??o e a cria??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos, sendo essa ?ltima mais eficiente por conectar os remanescentes florestais, aumentando a conectividade da paisagem, fornecendo ganhos significativos em rela??o ? biodiversidade. No entanto, uma das principais problem?ticas em projetos de implementa??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos est? relacionada com a sele??o de ?reas para tal fim, neste sentido a Geografia pode fornecer importantes contribui??es, atrav?s dos estudos integrados da paisagem ? luz da abordagem geossist?mica e do uso dos Sistemas de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG), atrav?s de t?cnicas de Infer?ncia Geogr?fica, de modo a permitir uma aprecia??o da realidade tomando por base a integra??o dos aspectos ecol?gicos, biol?gicos e antr?picos. Assim sendo, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo indicar ?reas potenciais e propor cen?rios de delimita??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos no munic?pio de Tibau do Sul/RN, atrav?s de t?cnicas de Infer?ncia Geogr?fica em plataforma SIG. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada est? fundamentada na abordagem Geossist?mica. A partir desses elementos, foram criados 4 modelos para indica??o de ?reas potenciais par a implanta??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos a partir das perspectivas ambiental (potencial ? eros?o), socioecon?mica (cobertura e pre?o da terra), legislativa (?reas protegidas pela legisla??o ambiental) e integrada (combina??o de elementos ambientais, socioecon?micos e legislativos), que por sua vez serviram de base para a proposi??o de cen?rios voltados a essa finalidade. Os resultados mostraram que todos os modelos podem ser bastante ?teis na indica??o de ?reas potenciais para o estabelecimento de Corredores Ecol?gicos, sobretudo quando fundamentados em uma perspectiva integrada entre aspectos ambientais e antr?picos. As propostas de delimita??o de Corredores apresentadas podem exercer fun??es al?m do estabelecimento da conectividade entre fragmentos, pois as mesmas podem ter serventia tamb?m no controle de processos erosivos e prote??o de ambientes fr?geis