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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCV08MA029.pdf: 1036408 bytes, checksum: d90c1227485e2180d47bf0c5aad5a4d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A singular feature during mammalian development is the provision of nutrients from the maternal system to the conceptus through the placenta. To the fetus, the placenta consists of a multi-functional organ with an intense metabolism, characterized in an adult as separated functions in multiple organs. This study aimed to verify the presence of key enzymes in the bovine placenta responsible for glyconeogenesis, which is a metabolic pathway used for Dglucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate compounds. Such pathway is common to the liver metabolism used to maintain glucose homeostasis in plasma, especially during fasting or postprandial absorption. No studies on the occurrence of glyconeogenesis in the bovine placenta have been reported thus far. In this study, a qualitative gene expression analysis was carried out for three key glyconeogenic enzymes: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F1,6B), glucose-6- phosphatase (G6-P) e phosphoenolpyruvate carboxikinase (PEP-CK) in the bovine placental tissue at three distinct gestation periods. For that, placentome fragments from 5 pregnant females from each period were used for the detection of transcripts for the three enzymes above by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplified PCR products obtained for each enzyme from the placenta and adult liver (positive control) were analyzed in 1% agarose gel, followed by purification, DNA cloning e sequencing for confirmation of amplification specificity. The RT-PCR analysis followed by DNA sequencing revealed the presence of all three glyconeogenic enzymes in the bovine placenta from all three gestational periods. Based on our results, the glyconeogenic pathway may occur in the placental tissue in cattle during pregnancy. However, more studies are still needed for the confirmation of the occurrence and temporal importance of the glyconeogenesis in the bovine placenta / Uma característica singular do desenvolvimento dos mamíferos é a provisão de nutrientes do organismo materno por intermédio da placenta. Para o feto, a placenta consiste na combinação, em apenas um órgão, de muitas atividades funcionais, que no adulto são separadas e, além disso, possui um intenso metabolismo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a expressão de enzimas chave na placenta bovina para a gliconeogênese, que consiste em uma via metabólica capaz de sintetizar D-glicose, utilizando-se compostos que não são carboidratos. Essa via se processa no fígado e é utilizada pelo organismo para manter os níveis glicêmicos normais em condições de jejum e de pós-absorsão. Atualmente não existem estudos sobre a gliconeogênese na placenta bovina. Neste estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica na placenta bovina de três enzimas gliconeogênicas: frutose-1,6-bisfosfatase (F1,6B), glicose-6-fosfatase (G6-P) e fosfoenolpiruvato carboxiquinase (PEP-CK) nos três trimestres gestacionais. Para tanto, foram utilizados fragmentos de placentônios de 5 fêmeas bovinas para cada terço de gestação para a avaliação da expressão gênica das três enzimas gliconeogênicas após a transcripção reversa e reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR). Os produtos de PCR amplificados obtidos para cada enzima na placenta bem como para o fígado de animal adulto, que foi utilizado como controle positivo, foram analisados em gel de agarose a 1%, purificados, clonados e seqüenciados para a confirmação da especificidade de amplificação. A análise da expressão gênica através do RT-PCR e o sequenciamento demonstrou a presença de mRNA para as três enzimas gliconeogênicas na placenta bovina nos três períodos gestacionais. Baseado em nossos resultados, é possível que a rota gliconeogênica ocorra no tecido placentário de bovinos durante a gestação. Porém, ainda são necessários mais estudos para a confirmação da ocorrência e importância temporal da gliconeogênese na placenta bovina

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Bakgrund: Patienter med bipolär sjukdom drabbas i högre grad än övriga befolkningen av metabolt syndrom och metabol kartläggning med tillhörande hälsosamtal genomförs för att minska denna risk. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa erfarenheter hos patienter med bipolär sjukdom beträffande hälsosamtal och dess betydelse för välbefinnandet i samband med metabol kartläggning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en intervjustudie med 8 respondenter och materialet bearbetades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att hälsosamtal i samband med metabol kartläggning skapar trygghet på olika sätt där den fysiska och psykiska hälsan beaktas samtidigt vilket får betydelse för välbefinnandet. Det är betydelsefullt att de egna behoven tillgodoses och medvetenhet och kunskap om livsstilens betydelse för hälsan finns hos patienterna. Två tema framträdde genom analysen: De individuella behoven uppmärksammas och kunskap ger ökad medvetenhet. Slutsats: Fokus bör inriktas på att stärka tryggheten som hälsosamtal i samband med metabol kartläggning medför samt beakta varje enskild patients behov och egen kunskap för att med respekt kunna främja och stärka hälsoprocessen mot välbefinnande. Den breda kunskap som patienterna besitter bör litas till för att tillsammans kunna arbeta mot en mer hälsosam livsstil och på så sätt främja både det fysiska och psykiska välbefinnandet. / Background: Individuals with bipolar disorder are more likely than others to be affected by metabolic syndrome which is why monitoring for metabolic anomalies and health conversations is part of treatment and can reduce the risk. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to shed light on experiences of the health conversation and its meaning for the wellbeing for individuals with bipolar disorder as part of the metabolic monitoring. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative study with 8 individuals taking part in interviews and qualitative content analysis was used to process the data. Results: The results show that health conversations as part of metabolic monitoring can provide a sense of security taking into account both the physical and mental health which proves to be meaningful to the sense of wellbeing. To accommodate individual needs proves to be important and meaningful and individuals with bipolar disorder have both awareness and knowledge concerning the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Two themes emerged from the analysis: Highlighting individual needs and Knowledge increases awareness. Conclusion: Focus should be on strengthening the sense of security contributed by metabolic monitoring and health conversations and taking into account the needs and knowledge of each individual and with respect encourage and strengthen the experience of health and wellbeing. We need to put trust into the patients’ ability and knowledge and work together towards a healthier lifestyle thus supporting both the physical and mental wellbeing.