La langue n’est pas qu’un outil de communication, mais aussi un moyen pour explorer, un raccourci efficace dans l’expansion des connaissances humaines et l'exploration de la société humaine. En analysant la poétique métaphorique des deux poètes déconstructionnistes canadiens, Robert Kroetsch et Erin Moure, cette thèse vise à examiner comment la métaphore, la métonymie et la catachrèse travaillent ensemble pour engendrer des constructions métaphoriques, qui peuvent produire de nouvelles connaissances et une éthique féministe. La métaphore, la métonymie et la catachrèse sont généralement étudiées comme des dispositifs littéraires qui augmentent l'attrait artistique des œuvres littéraires. Cependant, dans la poésie métaphorique, ils sont considérés comme des outils cognitifs pour déconstruire une compréhension rigide de l'histoire humaine et de la société. Dans The Stone Hammer Poems, la métaphore et la métonymie servent à dévoiler l'existence du savoir perdu, délimitant un espace imaginaire, composé de créatures et de civilisations anéanties. De même, dans O Cidadán, les deux dispositifs constituent une structure métaphorique qui accentue le respect du statut naturel des êtres humains. Pendant ce temps, au lieu de former une rhétorique satirique, la catachrèse dans les deux œuvres devient de véritables connaissances du temps et des personnes perdus. Par conséquent, en utilisant une approche cognitive pour effectuer une étude littéraire sur The Stone Hammer Poems et O Cidadán, cette thèse vise à étudier comment la métaphoricité fonctionne comme une ressource de compréhensions post-structuralistes de l'historicité et comme porteuse de l'éthique féministe. / Language is more than a communicative tool. It is a practical means of inquiry, a functional device to expand human knowledge and to explore human society. By analyzing the metaphorical poetics of two Canadian deconstructionist poets Robert Kroetsch and Erin Moure, this thesis aims to examine how metaphor, metonymy, and catachresis work together to engender metaphorical constructions that can produce new knowledge and feminist ethics. Metaphor, metonymy, and catachresis are usually studied as literary devices that increase the artistic appeal of literary works. However, in metaphorical poetry, they function as cognitive tools to deconstruct rigid understanding regarding human history and society. In The Stone Hammer Poems, metaphor and metonymy serve to unveil the existence of the lost knowledge, delineating an imaginative space consisting of annihilated creatures and civilizations. Similarly, in O Cidadán, the two devices construct metaphorical constructions that accentuate the respect of the natural status of human-beings. Meanwhile, instead of forming satirical rhetoric, catachresis in both works become the real knowledge regarding the lost time and people. Therefore, employing a cognitive approach to perform a literary study on The Stone Hammer Poems and O Cidadán, this thesis studies how metaphoricity operates as the resource of post-structuralist understandings on historicity and as the carrier of feminist ethics.

Диссертация нацелена на рассмотрение концептуальных метафор в публицистических текстах экологического дискурса. В качестве материала исследования использованы публикации на сайте международной неправительственной природоохранной организации «Greenpeace». Исследование проведено в русле когнитивно-дискурсивного подхода с помощью метода построения фреймов и интерпретационного семантического анализа. В ходе анализа выявлены метафорические модели «компоненты окружающей среды – живые существа» (её фреймы «организм и действия человека» и «здоровье/нездоровье живых существ») и «компоненты окружающей среды – война/борьба» (фреймы «причины войны», «участники военных действий» и «военные действия и вооружение»). Полученные результаты расширяют научный фонд экологической лингвистики и лингвокогнитологии. / The thesis deals with conceptual metaphors used in publicistic texts of ecological discourse. The articles published on “Greenpeace International” were used in the study. The methods of cognitive-discourse analysis along with the framing method and interpretive semantic analysis were used to study the metaphors. The analysis revealed metaphorical models "environment - a living organism" (its frames are "human organism and actions" and "health/disease of a living creature") and "environment - war/fight" (frames "causes of a war," "participants of hostilities," and "military operations and armament"). The results confirm the perception of environmental problems as vital, directly affecting human life and health.

Работа посвящена анализу метафорического моделирования образа действующего президента Франции и кандидата на второй срок, Эммануэля Макрона, в период предвыборной кампании. Объектом исследования являются метафорические словоупотребления в текстах французских СМИ, актуализирующие концептуальную сферу-мишень «Эммануэль Макрон». Предметом исследования являются особенности метафорического моделирования образа политика во французских СМИ. Цель исследования заключается в классификации наиболее употребимых метафорических моделей и описании особенностей развертывания метафорических моделей в данном контексте. Материал исследования составили 128 метафорических словоупотреблений, выявленных в текстах французских СМИ, опубликованных в период предвыборной кампании 2022 года. Методом сплошной выборки были отобраны фрагменты из наиболее читаемых французским СМИ: «Aujourd'hui en Frаnсe», «Libérаtion», «Politis», «Le Point», «Le Figаro», «Pаris Mаtсh», «L’Express», «Le nouvel observаteur», «Сhаrlie Hebdo», «Le Pаrisien», «Mаriаnne», «Le Journаl du Dimаnсhe», «Libérаtion» и «Le Figаro». Классификация и анализ отобранных текстовых фрагментов осуществлялся с помощью информационной систeмы экспeртного анализа «Лингвистика». Взятая за основу классификация А. П. Чудинова была значительно уточнена и дополнена в ходе работы. Для достижения поставленных целей использовался метод метафорического моделирования, дающий возможность выявить специфику доминантных метафорических моделей. Как показал анализ полученной статистики, чаще всего образ Э. Макрона концептуализируется с помощью метафор, относящихся к субсфере «Человек и социум» (по классификации А.П. Чудинова). Наиболее продуктивной в этой субсфере является монархическая метафора. Предполагается, что выявленное распределение метафор с большим перевесом в социальной субсфере обусловлено определением (метафорической номинацией) Э. Макрона через приписываемые ему социальные роли. Среди других доминирующих разрядов метафор можно назвать зооморфную метафору (субсфера «Природа»), физиологическую и морбиальную метафоры (субсфера «Человек»). Отдельное внимание в работе уделяется описанию и интерпретации выявленных метафорических моделей. Настоящая работа актуальна для понимания механизмов политической коммуникации в медиадискурсе и превалирующей роли метафоры как способа познания, категоризации, концептуализации и оценки мира политики. / The study analyzes the metaphorical modeling of the Emmanuel Macron’s political image in the modern French media and political discourse. The object of the study is the amount of metaphors that were found in French printed media and were used by the authors to conceptualize the target domain «Emmanuel Macron». The subject of research is the specifics of metaphorical modelling applicable for Emmanuel Macron’s political image. The objective of the research is to classify the most used metaphorical models and to describe the functioning of metaphorical models in the given context. The research material consists of 128 metaphors, found in the French press that came out in the period of 2022 electoral campaign. The metaphor usages were selected (in the mode of continuous sampling method) from the most read French media such as : «Aujourd'hui en Frаnсe», «Libérаtion», «Politis», «Le Point», «Le Figаro», «Pаris Mаtсh», «L’Express», «Le nouvel observаteur», «Сhаrlie Hebdo», «Le Pаrisien», «Mаriаnne», «Le Journаl du Dimаnсhe», «Libérаtion» and «Le Figаro». The selected textual fragments were classified and analyzed with the use of “Lingvistica”, the system of expert analysis. The study is based on the classification of metaphors by the Russian linguist A. P. Chudinov. It was significantly specified and increased in the process. Attaining the goals of the study was made possible due to the method of metaphorical modeling, which helps identify the specifics of dominant metaphorical models. The analysis showed that the image of Emmanuel Macron is preferably conceptualized with social metaphor (according to Chudinov’s classification). In this group of metaphors, the one prevailing is the monarchical metaphor. It is assumed that the apparent proportioning of metaphors within the metaphors’ groups is due to the social roles attributed to Emmanuel Macron. Among the other prevailing categories of metaphors there are the animalistic metaphor, physiological and morbial metaphors. The study gives particular attention to the description and interpretation of the discovered metaphorical models. The present study is of particular interest for those who search to understand the mechanisms of political communication in media discourse and the prevailing role of metaphor as a method of cognition, categorization, conceptualization and assessment of the world of politics.

Работа посвящена сравнительному изучению доминантных и специфичных метафорических моделей, конструирующих образ СВО в период с 24.02.2022 г. по 24.08.2022 г. в англоязычной и русскоязычной блогосферах. В качестве материала для исследования были использованы персональные политические видеоблоги: англоязычный видеоблог «CaspianReport» и русскоязычный видеоблог «БесогонTV». В ходе исследования были выделены и проанализированы 293 метафорические модели, 146 на английском языке и 147 на русском. В первой части работы рассматриваются подходы к определению политического дискурса и анализируются его особенности. Далее рассматривается процесс метафорического моделирования в политическом дискурсе, поскольку теория политической метафоры является одним из активно развивающихся направлений когнитивной лингвистики. Далее рассматриваются блогосфера и сфера интернет-дискурса и их характерные особенности. Во второй части работы описываются источники и принципы отбора материала, выявляются и систематизируются концептуальные метафоры в англоязычном и русскоязычном политических персональных видеоблогах. Основываясь на материале исследования, анализируются доминантные и специфичные метафорические модели, участвующие в создании образа СВО в сюжетах видеоблогов. В ходе анализа выявилось, что в англоязычном видеоблоге самой частотной сферой-источником стала «Игра и спорт», в русскоязычном – «Человеческий организм». Также в работе описан подробный анализ фреймов в сферах-источниках выявленных метафорических моделей. Для каждого видеоблога делаются сравнительные количественные наблюдения, представленные в виде диаграмм. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практике преподавания иностранного языка, курсов по политической лингвистике, дискурсу, политической метафорологии, межкультурной коммуникации. В приложении приводится список проанализированных англоязычных и русскоязычных метафорических единиц в контексте сюжетов видеоблогов. / The work is devoted to the comparative study of dominant and specific metaphorical models that create the image of a special military operation in the English-speaking and Russian-speaking blogospheres. The analysis of events covers the period from February 24, 2022 to August 24, 2022. Personal political videoblogs are used as research material: the English-language videoblog "CaspianReport" and the Russian-language videoblog "BesogonTV". During the study, 293 metaphorical models were identified and analyzed, 146 in English and 147 in Russian. In the first part of the work, approaches to the definition of political discourse are considered and its features are analyzed. Next, the process of metaphorical modeling in political discourse is considered, since the theory of political metaphor is one of the actively developing areas of cognitive linguistics. Next, the blogosphere and the sphere of Internet discourse and their characteristic features are considered. In the second part of the work the sources and principles of material selection are described, conceptual metaphors in English and Russian-language political personal videoblogs are identified and systematized. Based on the research material, the dominant and specific metaphorical models involved in creating the image of a special military operation in the plots of videoblogs are analyzed. During the analysis, it is revealed that in the English-language videoblog, the most frequent source-domain is "Game and Sport", in the Russian–language – "The Human body". The paper also describes a detailed analysis of frames in the source-domain of the identified metaphorical models. Comparative quantitative observations are made for each videoblog, presented in the form of diagrams. The results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching a foreign language, courses in political linguistics, discourse, political metaphorology, intercultural communication. The appendix contains a list of analyzed English and Russian metaphorical units in the context of videoblog plots.

[pt] A presente pesquisa identifica e analisa o significado de 25 colocações com cores. As colocações com cores apresentam diferentes significados conforme sejam utilizadas literal ou metaforicamente; este último uso, em particular, pode diferir de forma acentuada em diferentes culturas; para sua compreensão, portanto, torna-se imprescindível considerar o contexto de uso. Avaliando as pistas cotextuais e contextuais que tornam seu sentido metafórico ou não, são analisadas colocações de estrutura substantivo mais adjetivo de cor, e as cores elencadas são amarelo, vermelho, azul, verde, preto e branco. A análise lança mão de pressupostos teóricos do interculturalismo, do funcionalismo e da lexicultura, a fim de se demonstrar que os aspectos semânticos das metáforas de cor podem revelar características culturais do Brasil. Foram coletadas, analisadas e interpretadas cinquenta ocorrências de cada colocação no Brazilian Portuguese Corpus, propondo-se para cada colocação uma fórmula descritiva que inclui: estrutura, ocorrências encontradas, ocorrências consideradas, ocorrências não metafóricas, e metáfora conceitual. Os resultados revelam que o significado literal do substantivo tende a se manter enquanto as cores perdem seu sentido primário, sofrendo um processo de deslexicalização. Além disso, o cotexto e o contexto demonstram-se fundamentais para a construção e interpretação semântica da colocação metafórica. / [en] This research identifies and analyses the meaning of 25 collocations with color words. Collocations with color words show different meanings, depending on whether its usage is literal or metaphorical. Each culture interprets colors differently, what influences the metaphorical meanings, then, to comprehend them it becomes necessary to considering the communicative context. Evaluating the cotext and the context clues that make their meaning metaphorical or not, analyzed collocations formed by noun plus color adjective have been analyzed. The chosen colors are black, white, yellow, red, blue, green, and purple. The analysis is based on the theoretical concepts of Interculturalism, Functionalism, and Lexicogrammar so as to demonstrate that the semantic aspects of color metaphors can reveal cultural characteristics of Brazil. In order to carry out the study, fifty occurrences of each collocation, retrieved from the Brazilian Portuguese Corpus, are collected, analyzed and interpreted. A descriptive formula for each collocation is then proposed, including structure, found occurrences, considered occurrences, non-metaphorical occurrences, and conceptual metaphor. The results have shown that, in most cases, the literal meaning of the noun is maintained, and the color word suffers delexicalization, losing its literal meaning. Also, the cotext and the context are essential for the semantic interpretation of the metaphor collocation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliam de Oliveira Mendes.pdf: 963857 bytes, checksum: f1a292b6e63626ebbf563272f0f821fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-31 / This work, which takes part of Portuguese Language area, is an empirical research about metaphors reading found in a journalistic chronicle, and has as main purpose to verify what kinds of relations are established between the metaphor and readers expression in the comprehension process. It presents the reading - made by teachers during a reading event - of an Arnaldo Jabor s chronicle, which pressuposts were the indetermination of feelings and reading as a social co-construction process at interactionism. Therefore, the use of verbal protocol in group was detached at data collection. The study focused itself of which kinds of relations are established between the metaphors found in the chronicle and the readers voices trying to make sense. The readers that take part of this research are teachers that work at high school of a public school in the state of São Paulo. The empirical material was collected and analyzed in an ethnographic projection. The results shown that the metaphors reading were constructed into the interaction process with basis in relations established in knowledge acquired previously by readers, through the experience with other sources of knowledge structured in language. Thus, this study presented, by means of co-construction transacted in text meanings, the reading as an active process in which the communicative competence is used for the participants of this research, at the text comprehension / Este trabalho é uma pesquisa empírica sobre a leitura de metáforas contidas em uma crônica jornalística, objetivando verificar quais tipos de relações se estabelecem entre a metáfora e as manifestações dos leitores no processo de interpretação. Esta investigação insere-se na área de Língua Portuguesa. Apresenta a leitura de uma crônica de Arnaldo Jabor, realizada por professores, durante um evento de leitura, tendo por pressupostos a indeterminação dos sentidos e a leitura como um processo de co-construção social no enfoque interacionista. Destaca-se assim, na coleta de dados, o uso do protocolo verbal em grupo. O estudo centrou-se nos tipos de relações que se estabelecem entre as metáforas contidas na crônica e as vozes dos leitores tentando fazer sentido. Os leitores que participaram da pesquisa são professores do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. O material empírico foi coletado e analisado em uma perspectiva etnográfica. Os resultados mostraram que a leitura de metáforas construiu-se no processo de interação com base em relações estabelecidas nos conhecimentos adquiridos anteriormente pelos leitores, por meio da experiência com outras fontes de conhecimento previamente estruturado pela linguagem. Portanto, esta pesquisa apresentou, por meio da co-construção negociada dos sentidos do texto, a leitura como um processo ativo em que a competência comunicativa é utilizada, pelos participantes da pesquisa, na interpretação do texto

<p>This dissertation has three goals : to establish an inventory of translation strategies applicable to the translation of metaphor, to investigate how the application of these strategies affects the balance in metaphorical quality between source text and target text, and, finally, to determine whether this balance is a useful indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole, towards either <i>adequacy</i> or <i>acceptability</i>.</p><p>To carry out this research the author has established a corpus comprising 250 metaphors from the novel <i>La goutte d’or</i> by Michel Tournier and its Swedish translation, <i>Gulddroppen</i> by C.G. Bjurström. Based on the criteria <i>thematical and contextual connection</i> 158 metaphors from this corpus have been selected for analysis.The strategy used in the translation of each metaphor has been established. The degree of balance in metaphorical quality between the two texts has then been determined and its significance as an indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole has been discussed.</p><p>The underlying theory and methodology of the study are those of Gideon Toury as outlined in his book <i>Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond</i>. The study is thus essentially descriptive in nature.</p><p>The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part gives a survey of well known research within the fields of metaphor theory and translation theory. Various theories concerning the requested equality between a text and its translation are presented, as well as inventories of translation strategies established by a number of researchers. The second part contains the analysis of the selected metaphors and establishes a set of strategies for this purpose.</p>

This dissertation has three goals : to establish an inventory of translation strategies applicable to the translation of metaphor, to investigate how the application of these strategies affects the balance in metaphorical quality between source text and target text, and, finally, to determine whether this balance is a useful indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole, towards either adequacy or acceptability. To carry out this research the author has established a corpus comprising 250 metaphors from the novel La goutte d’or by Michel Tournier and its Swedish translation, Gulddroppen by C.G. Bjurström. Based on the criteria thematical and contextual connection 158 metaphors from this corpus have been selected for analysis.The strategy used in the translation of each metaphor has been established. The degree of balance in metaphorical quality between the two texts has then been determined and its significance as an indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole has been discussed. The underlying theory and methodology of the study are those of Gideon Toury as outlined in his book Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. The study is thus essentially descriptive in nature. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part gives a survey of well known research within the fields of metaphor theory and translation theory. Various theories concerning the requested equality between a text and its translation are presented, as well as inventories of translation strategies established by a number of researchers. The second part contains the analysis of the selected metaphors and establishes a set of strategies for this purpose.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal