Abstract:This thesis deals with Swedish politicians and their knowledge concerning migration policy. It investigates what knowledge the politicians have and from where they collect their knowledge on the mentioned topic. The study also investigates the politicians’ role as mediators of knowledge and the possible responsibilities connected to such a role.The main source for data has been interviews with six Swedish politicians, all members of parties, represented in the Swedish Parliament. To understand and be able to explain the results found, Sociology of Knowledge has been used as theoretical framework.The result of the thesis is that politicians in general, possess very little knowledge concerning migration policy. But, the current presence of the Swedish right wing party, Sverigedemokraterna, has changed the social code of the institutions that the politicians are members of and therefore many politicians have realized that they are in need of more knowledge, on the discussed topic. It was also found that the politicians have an important role as mediators of knowledge to the members of society. This role is connected to a responsibility of being correct and truthful in the statements made.

We investigate the effect of migration policy reforms on the number of asylum applications into 22 EU countries. This is done by using the Determinants of International Migration Policy, DEMIG policy index as a proxy for policy reforms in EU countries and the number of asylum applications from UNHCR. We perform OLS regressions with destination country fixed effects with HAC clustered standard errors. We contribute to the existing literature by using the DEMIG policy index which, to our knowledge, has not been used in earlier literature. We also thoroughly investigate the effect of migration policy, including both more restrictive and less restrictive policy. Through the investigation of the destination fixed effects, we find robust empirical evidence that migration policy does have an effect on asylum flows, which suggests, in addition to earlier literature, that migration policy is an important factor to have in consideration. Furthermore, we explore whether the push and pull factors examined in previous literature are consistent with our results. We find that the results vary, but are consistently in line with most of the earlier literature. In addition, we find that when other determinants of migration are included, the effect of migration policy diminishes.

O Brasil possui uma Política Migratória? Caso possua uma política, ou mesmo que a resposta estatal ao fenômeno migratório seja fragmentada, quais são os parâmetros que a orientam? As respostas a essas perguntas constituem o objeto final deste estudo. Respondê-las satisfatoriamente pressupõe a compreensão do que é uma política migratória e quais são as suas finalidades. Assim, o primeiro capítulo deste trabalho destina-se a investigar o que é uma Política Migratória e, para tanto, encontra-se divido em duas seções. Na primeira, é realizada uma abordagem teórica sobre o conceito de Política Migratória, em que diversas perspectivas sobre o tema serão analisadas. Na segunda seção, são compilados alguns estudos de casos em que autores trataram de analisar a Política Migratória de determinados países. O objetivo dessa investigação é identificar o que foi considerado \"Política Migratória\" para cada um desses autores ao realizarem seus estudos. Dessa forma, ao final do primeiro capítulo, e a partir da confrontação das teorias propostas com as análises empíricas observadas, será apresentada uma crítica sobre o que se considera uma \"Política Migratória\" e serão definidos os parâmetros para a análise da Política Migratória brasileira. O segundo capítulo deste trabalho consiste precisamente na análise da Política Migratória brasileira, norteada e delimitada pelos critérios discutidos no capítulo anterior. Sua primeira seção é dedicada à análise dos estudos produzidos sobre a Política Migratória brasileira. Em seguida, serão identificados os textos normativos que a definem. Assim, pretende-se responder ao final deste trabalho qual é a Política Migratória brasileira, como se manifesta e quais são os seus objetivos, a fim de discernir quais são os seus limites e desafios. / Brazil has a migration policy? If it has a policy, or even if the state\'s response to the migration phenomenon is fragmented, what are the parameters that it follows? To answer these questions are the final object of this study and do it satisfactorily presupposes an understanding of what a migration policy is and what are their purposes. Thus, the first chapter of this work is intended to investigate what a migration policy is and, therefore, it is divided into two sections. In the first, a theoretical approach is performed on the concept of migration policy, in which diverse perspectives on the topic will be analyzed. The second section is compiled case studies in which the authors tried to analyze the migration policy of certain countries. The goal of this research is to identify what was considered \"Migration Policy\" for each of these authors on conducting their studies. Thus, at the end of the first chapter, and from the confrontation of the proposed theories with empirical analyzes observed, will be presented a critique of what is considered a \"Migration Policy\" and will be defined the parameters for the analysis of Brazilian migration policy. The second chapter of this work consists precisely in the analysis of Brazilian migration policy, guided and defined by the criteria discussed in the previous chapter. Its first section is devoted to the analysis of academic studies on the Brazilian migration policy. Then will be identified the normative texts that defines it. Thus, at the end of this work will be answered what is the Brazilian migration policy and what are your goals in order to discern what are its limitations and its challenges.

O Brasil possui uma Política Migratória? Caso possua uma política, ou mesmo que a resposta estatal ao fenômeno migratório seja fragmentada, quais são os parâmetros que a orientam? As respostas a essas perguntas constituem o objeto final deste estudo. Respondê-las satisfatoriamente pressupõe a compreensão do que é uma política migratória e quais são as suas finalidades. Assim, o primeiro capítulo deste trabalho destina-se a investigar o que é uma Política Migratória e, para tanto, encontra-se divido em duas seções. Na primeira, é realizada uma abordagem teórica sobre o conceito de Política Migratória, em que diversas perspectivas sobre o tema serão analisadas. Na segunda seção, são compilados alguns estudos de casos em que autores trataram de analisar a Política Migratória de determinados países. O objetivo dessa investigação é identificar o que foi considerado \"Política Migratória\" para cada um desses autores ao realizarem seus estudos. Dessa forma, ao final do primeiro capítulo, e a partir da confrontação das teorias propostas com as análises empíricas observadas, será apresentada uma crítica sobre o que se considera uma \"Política Migratória\" e serão definidos os parâmetros para a análise da Política Migratória brasileira. O segundo capítulo deste trabalho consiste precisamente na análise da Política Migratória brasileira, norteada e delimitada pelos critérios discutidos no capítulo anterior. Sua primeira seção é dedicada à análise dos estudos produzidos sobre a Política Migratória brasileira. Em seguida, serão identificados os textos normativos que a definem. Assim, pretende-se responder ao final deste trabalho qual é a Política Migratória brasileira, como se manifesta e quais são os seus objetivos, a fim de discernir quais são os seus limites e desafios. / Brazil has a migration policy? If it has a policy, or even if the state\'s response to the migration phenomenon is fragmented, what are the parameters that it follows? To answer these questions are the final object of this study and do it satisfactorily presupposes an understanding of what a migration policy is and what are their purposes. Thus, the first chapter of this work is intended to investigate what a migration policy is and, therefore, it is divided into two sections. In the first, a theoretical approach is performed on the concept of migration policy, in which diverse perspectives on the topic will be analyzed. The second section is compiled case studies in which the authors tried to analyze the migration policy of certain countries. The goal of this research is to identify what was considered \"Migration Policy\" for each of these authors on conducting their studies. Thus, at the end of the first chapter, and from the confrontation of the proposed theories with empirical analyzes observed, will be presented a critique of what is considered a \"Migration Policy\" and will be defined the parameters for the analysis of Brazilian migration policy. The second chapter of this work consists precisely in the analysis of Brazilian migration policy, guided and defined by the criteria discussed in the previous chapter. Its first section is devoted to the analysis of academic studies on the Brazilian migration policy. Then will be identified the normative texts that defines it. Thus, at the end of this work will be answered what is the Brazilian migration policy and what are your goals in order to discern what are its limitations and its challenges.

This thesis examines what effect the economic discourse in EU migration policy might have on the view of migrants’ human rights in the European public opinion. The study is carried out as a qualitative content analysis of two central EU migration policy documents: The Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (2011), and A European Agenda on Migration (2015). The objective of the analysis is to determine whether the economic discourse have a dominant position in the documents and how this might affect the rights of the most vulnerable migrants. The analysis is based on a deductive approach in which existing theory have been analysed to identify key concepts upon which predetermined discourses have been decided and analysed in the documents. The analysis establishes that the economic discourse has a dominant position in the two documents, and that human rights are conditional. The analysis shows that migrants are stripped of their basic human rights due to the fact that they are not members of a community. The conclusion of the analysis is that human dignity is dependent upon your skills, competences and economic capital. It is expressed through the lack of political will to propose initiatives aimed at the most vulnerable migrants. The EU and is Member States are proposing stronger actions when it comes to attracting third country nationals to the EU that might contribute to economic growth.

Sweden has traditionally been portrayed as a tolerant and generous country in terms of its migration policy. In conjunction with the increased flow of refugees in 2015 this image of Sweden has slowly but surely come to be questioned. Swedish political parties have raised concerns over the increased number of asylum seekers, and stressed the social, political and economic implications it may have for the Swedish society. This essay examines how Swedish political parties frame the refugee issue, and how these frames can be understood from a security lens. The following questions have been examined; How do Swedish parlamentary parties frame the refugee issue? To what extent is the refugee issue securitized in the Swedish context? What consequences can securitization of the refugee issue have for Swedish citizens’ attitudes to the welcoming of refugees? Two complementary methods are used to analyze the material. In the first step, Faircloughs critical discourse analysis uncover Swedish parliamentary parties frames of the refugee issue. In the second step, the securitization theory is applied in order to relate these refugee portrayals to security. Four central refugee discourses are identified in the material, following are; solidarity, responsibility, identity and expenditures. The essay argues that the refugee issue tends to be framed as a security threat of parties on the right wing of the political spectrum. Parties such as the Moderate Party and the Sweden Democrats have securitized the refugee issue. These parties frame the issue in terms of expenditures and identity, which follow a security rhetoric. The remaining parties show a great concern on the issue, but put emphasis on solidarity and responsibility. Successful securitization has thus not taken place among these parties.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the socio-economic consequences of the current migration wave in Europe based on the comparison of individual macroeconomic indicators in the member states of the European Union, which were most affected by migration, whether as transit or destination country. The monitored indicators are for example GDP growth, unemployment rate, growth of public expenditures and others. The first part of the thesis defines the theoretical foundations of migration based on sociological theories and defines the key concepts for the topic, such as economic migration, migrant, integration. The second, practical part of the thesis, focuses on monitoring the specific socioeconomic consequences of the migration crisis for selected countries and evaluates its pros and cons. It follows from this assessment that migration to Europe is an economically sustainable phenomenon. The work focuses more on the possibilities and positives or negatives of the integration of migrants into the labor market, also due to the potential threat of an aging Europe in the future. Using several foreign studies and models, it demonstrates the need to change the integration of migrants to benefit the European countries' pension system. It also pays attention to the social and political consequences of...

The thesis analyzes immigration and integration policy of France at the three different levels (supranational, national and local), while the choice of France was inspired by the fact that this country has among the European ones the longest tradition of receiving immigrants. The work is based on theoretical and conceptual approaches to international migration as well as on immigration and integration policies. In case of theoretical and conceptual approaches, it was mostly inspired by the concept of Heckmann' four dimensions of the process of social integration (Heckmann and Schnapper, 2003; Bosswick and Heckmann, 2006), by the Entzinger' and Biezeveld' (2003) assessment of integration as the resulting state and especially by Alexander's (2007) classification of policies implemented by local authorities, which allows as one of rare concepts to compare policy-making at the national and local level. From the methodological point of view, two regions which best suited the preliminary requirements on different share of immigrants in population on each territory and the difference between "city in rural area - metropolis" were chosen: Paris (or more precisely its 14 districts) and seven cities in the region of Basse-Normandie (Caen, Hérouville-Saint-Clair, Cherbourg-Octeville, Flers, Alençon, Argentan...

Esta tese busca analisar os padrões de mudança e continuidade na política migratória brasileira, de maneira a observar o papel neles exercido pela dinâmica político-burocrática interorganizacional. Nesse intuito, empreende uma análise do funcionamento do Executivo em uma abordagem institucionalista centrando-se no processo político subjacente aos resultados em política migratória. O trabalho testa a hipótese de que o desenho institucional caracterizado por fragmentação e sobreposição de competências que caracteriza a política migratória é estruturante de processos organizacionais correspondentes a um duplo mecanismo: de um lado, organizações, por meio de seus dirigentes políticos e burocratas, realizam mudanças incrementais setoriais na política, em decorrência do aumento de suas capacidades técnico-administrativas e político-relacionais. De outro, em função dos objetivos de manter seu espaço de poder e lógica de ação organizacional, tais organizações tenderão a opor obstáculos a reformas mais amplas. Paralelamente, a tese enfrenta duas outras questões de pesquisa: (i) como as arenas internacional e doméstica se influenciam mutuamente no processo político migratório; e (ii) como os diferentes atores governamentais que tomam parte na formulação e implementação da política migratória brasileira coordenam suas atividades em um arranjo institucional complexo. De maneira a testar empiricamente suas hipóteses, realiza um process-tracing da política migratória brasileira entre 2003 e abril de 2016. / The present thesis seeks to analyze the patterns of change on Brazilian migration policy, in order to observe the role played by the interorganizational political-bureaucratic dynamics. To this end, it undertakes an analysis of how the Executive branch works, in an institutionalist approach focusing on the political process underlying the results in migration policy. The thesis tests the hypothesis that the institutional design of migration policy, characterized by fragmentation and overlapping of competences, structures organizational processes by a double mechanism: on the one hand, organizations, through their political leaders and bureaucrats, make incremental policy changes, as a result of the increase of its technical-administrative and political-relational capacities. On the other hand, according to the objectives of maintaining their space of power and their logic of organizational action, such organizations will tend to oppose wider reforms. At the same time, the thesis also addresses two other research questions: (i) how the international and domestic arenas influence each other in the migration policy process; and (ii) how different governmental actors that take part in the formulation and implementation of the Brazilian migration policy coordinate their activities in a complex institutional arrangement. In order to empirically test its hypotheses, it carries out a process-tracing of the Brazilian migration policy between 2003 and 2016.

The main aim of this thesis is the comparison of approaches to integration of foreigners at the local level in Prague and Barcelona. The author also wants to find out if the policies applied in Barcelona are transferable to the Czech environment. The thesis is based on selected concepts focused on the integration of foreigners into the host society (classical typology of national integration models or integration models based on psychological aspects by Berry) and its components included on the definition of migration and integration policy (Baršová, Barša 2005; Penninx 2016; Bosswick, Heckman 2006 and others). Due to the nature of the work, a qualitative method of research was selected, consisting on the analysis of secondary sources (expert studies, annual reports, governmental and municipal policies, statistical sources). In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with representatives of local governments in Prague and Barcelona. Local integration policies are created in a specific context of the state. The work is also an outline of the migratory history of the Czech Republic and Spain, the institutional provision of migration and integration policies at individual administrative levels (national, regional, local) and their development. It has been found that the city of Barcelona has a strong...