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The Clement Ader Institute of Albi and the von Karman Institute follow<p>since numerous years works about IR radiometry with the aim to do quantitative<p>thermography (true temperature measurement without contact). These works allowed<p>to explore potentiality several spectral bands :8-12µm, 3-5µm and recently the<p>0.75-1.7µm band (near IR) with the help of CCD camera (Si) or VisGaAs camera.<p>Studies done in this specific domain have underlined some perturbations emphasized<p>at high-temperature (T>800◦C). This work has to deal in details with the<p>treatment of parameters playing a role in camera measurements. The first of these<p>parameters is the emissivity, this treatment is made in another thesis. The second<p>parameter affects particularly the hot spot location and the spatial distortion. This<p>perturbation comes from convective effect present around every hot objects.The<p>purpose of this thesis is to analyze this effect and to correct it. Indeed, when a hot<p>object is in a colder surrounding media, a temperature gradient is shaped around<p>the object and thus a refractive index gradient too. This phenomena brings inevitably<p>distortions of the spatial information received by the camera. The goal of this<p>work will be to estimate and correct error made on temperature and/or distortion<p>measurement by CCD or VisGaAs camera on hot object.We chose to focus our work<p>on the convective plume created by a hot horizontal disk. This study will be done<p>with an experimental and a numerical approach. For the numerical approach, a raytracing<p>code has been developed in order to obtain numerically the displacement<p>due to the light deviation occurring in the perturbation. The input data of the code<p>is the refractive index of the hot air present around the object. This refractive index,<p>depending on the wavelength, can be found directly from the temperature thanks<p>to the Gladstone-Dale law. The temperature is given by a CFD software such as<p>FLUENT. Experimentally, we will use the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS)<p>method in order to retrieve the displacement. We can see that the displacement can<p>reach 4 pixels in the plume (corresponding to 1mm in this case). This perturbation<p>has been studied for several spectral bands (visible, near infrared, infrared). Finally,<p>some solutions of correction are given, like using the inverse Abel Transform<p>in order to retrieve from the 2D displacement, a 3D (axisymmetric) refractive index<p>field that we will implement in the ray-tracing code and consequently predict the<p>displacement for any kind of wavelength or distance (distance between the camera<p>and the object)./L’Institut Clément Ader Albi (ICAA) et l’Institut von Karman (IVK)<p>mènent depuis un certain nombre d’années des travaux sur la radiométrie IR dans<p>le but de faire de la thermographie quantitative (mesure de température vraie sans<p>contact). Ces travaux ont permis d’explorer les potentialités de plusieurs bandes<p>spectrales :8-12µm, 3-5µm et plus récemment la bande 0,75-1,7µm (proche IR) à<p>l’aide de caméras CCD (Si) ou VisGaAs. Les travaux effectués dans ce domaine<p>spectral ont permis de mettre en évidence un certains nombre de perturbations<p>renforcées par les hautes températures (T>800◦C). Cette thèse aborde de façon détaillée<p>le traitement d’un certain nombre de grandeurs d’influence liées à la mesure<p>de différents paramètres dans le domaine du proche IR mais également étendus aux<p>domaines du visible et de l’IR. La première de ces grandeurs est l’émissivité dont le<p>traitement a déjà été abordé par d’autres études. La seconde grandeur d’influence<p>touche plus particulièrement à la localisation des points chauds sur l’objet et la distorsion<p>du champ de température apportée par les effets convectifs présents autour<p>d’un objet à haute température, elle est le coeur de cette thèse. En effet, lorsqu’une<p>pièce chaude se trouve dans un milieu ambiant beaucoup plus froid, il se crée un<p>gradient de température et donc d’indice de réfraction autour de la pièce. Or les<p>caméras travaillant dans les différentes bandes spectrales vont être plus ou moins<p>sensibles à ces variations d’indices de réfraction du fait de la dépendance de l’indice<p>optique avec la longueur d’onde et de la résolution spatiale de la caméra utilisée.<p>Ce phénomène, appelé effet mirage, entraîne inévitablement une déformation des<p>informations spatiales reçues par la caméra. Le but de cette thèse a donc été d’estimer<p>et de proposer une première approche pour corriger l’erreur faite sur la mesure<p>de température et/ou de déformation faites par caméras sur des pièces chaudes.<p>La démarche générale du travail a donc été dans un premier temps de calculer le<p>champ de température autour de l’objet considéré en se ramenant d’abord à des cas<p>simplifiés. On en a déduit alors le champ de réfraction entraînant une « déformation<p>» de l’objet, en faisant le lien entre T et n. Cette étape correspond à l’approche<p>numérique de notre étude. Cette étape numérique a été réalisé à l’aide d’un outil de<p>lancer de rayons développée à l’ICA. L’approche expérimentale a consisté à l’utilisation<p>de méthodes telle que la BOS (Background Oriented Schlieren), la PIV,<p>la srtioscopie afin de déduire le champ de déplacements provoqué par le panache<p>convectif. Ces résultats ont été comparés à la méthode numérique et ceci pour différentes<p>longueurs d’ondes. Enfin, une stratégie de correction d’images perturbées<p>a été abordé à l’aide de méthodes telles que la transformée d’Abel inverse afin de<p>remonter au champ d’indice de réfraction 2D axisymétrique à partir d’une déformation<p>plane. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de novas instrumentações baseadas em efeitos fototérmicos para o estudo de interfaces sólido-líquido e líquido-gás, incluindo no último caso o efeito de surfactantes. O trabalho está dividido em capítulos, cada um enfocando o desenvolvimento e/ou aplicação de uma nova técnica. O Capítulo I apresenta uma introdução aos fenômenos fototérmicos e desecreve a construção de instrumentos clássicos de Lente Térmica (LT) nas configurações de simples e duplo feixe. Interfaces sólido-líquido foram estudadas nos capítulos II-IV usando variações da instrumentação clássica de LT. Um novo sinal fototérmico foi caracterizado, indicando a formação de uma lente térmica invertida na interface. Experimentos de varredura-z na configuração por reflexão foram usados para determinar a mudança no índice de refração da interface próximo ao ângulo crítico, e uma metodologia similar foi utilizada para a medida da difusividade térmica de amostras opacas. Nos capítulos V-VII, a deformação de superfícies líquidas foi estudada pelo efeito Marangoni induzido por laser e pela geração de ondas capilares. A transferência de calor pela interface líquido-gás foi monitorada por Deflexão Fototérmica Transversal. Em todos os casos, a influência de surfactantes foi estudada pela formação de uma monocamada na superfície dos líquidos. Observou-se que uma pequena quantidade de surfactante é capaz de cessar a movimentação de líquidos induzida por gradientes de tensão superficial e aumentar significativamente a transferência de calor pela interface. Os resultados indicam uma correlação entre as transições de fase das monocamadas e a atenuação da deformação superficial bem como o aumento na transferência de calor. Finalmente, o capítulo VIII apresenta uma coleção de trabalhos que derivaram dos estudos relacionados com as instrumentações desenvolvidas. / This work presents the development of new instrumentations based on photothermal phenomena to study solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces, including in the latter the effect of surfactants. The work is divided into chapters, each one focusing on the development and/or application of a new technique. Chapter I presents an introduction to photothermal phenomena and describes the construction of classical Thermal Lens (TL) instruments in the single and double-beam configurations. Solid-liquid interfaces were studied in chapters II-IV using variations of the classical TL instrumentation. A new photothermal signal was characterized, indicating the formation of an inverted thermal lens at the interface. Z-scan experiments in the reflection configuration were used to determine the change in the refractive index of an interface close to the critical angle, and a similar methodolody was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of opaque samples. In Chapters V-VII, the deformation of liquid surfaces was studied by laser-induced Marangoni effect and the generation of capillary waves. Heat transfer through the liquid-gas interface was monitored by Transverse Photothermal Deflection. In all cases, the influence of surfactants was studied by forming a monolayer on the surface of the liquids. It was observed that a tiny amount of surfactants was able to cease the motion of liquid induced by surface tension gradients and to increase significantly the heat transfer through the interface. The results indicate a correlation between phase transitions of the monolayers and the attenuation of the surface deformation as well as the increase in the heat transfer. Finally, chapter VIII is a collection of other works that derived from the studies related to the instrumentations developed.

This thesis contains a detailed academic analysis of the complete rise and fall of Christopher Skase and his Qintex group mirage. It uses David Harvey's 'Condition of Postmodernity' to locate the collapse within the Australian political economic context of the period (1974-1989). It does so in order to answer questions about why and how the mirage developed, why and how it failed, and why Skase became the scapegoat for the Australian corporate excesses of the 1980s. I take a multi-disciplinary approach and consider corporate collapse, corporate regulation and the role of accounting, and corporate deviance.

High Fantasy is extremely popular, with publication and sales of High Fantasy titles outnumbering Science Fiction for thirty years, yet Fantasy is less respected by reviewers of the Speculative Fiction genre. One reason for this is that High Fantasy often fails to adequately address culturally or politically significant issues. Respected Science Fiction writers, such as Octavia Butler, on the other hand, use the issues such as discrimination and persecution on the basis of race and gender. In my exegesis I explore the ways in which High Fantasy has explored the problems of discrimination and persecution. In my novel, The T'En Exiles, I create a world populated by differently abled races. The ' ordinary ' people resent and fear the gifted people, who are less numerous and marginalised. Among the gifted there are those who are aware of mystical powers and those who can manipulate them; because of this a strict hierarchy has evolved. There is also a divide between the genders because the power of the females is expressed differently to that of the males. In The T'En Exiles I use the device of cognitive estrangement, a technique common in both Fantasy and Science Fiction, to examine discrimination and persecution. In particular in terms of how it affects individuals. In the exegesis I examine the ways in which issues of discrimination and persecution are dealt with in contemporary High Fantasy and Science Fiction, and the ways in which a more comprehensive and sensitive treatment of these issues in High Fantasy can address some concerns about the marginalisation of the sub-genre.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de novas instrumentações baseadas em efeitos fototérmicos para o estudo de interfaces sólido-líquido e líquido-gás, incluindo no último caso o efeito de surfactantes. O trabalho está dividido em capítulos, cada um enfocando o desenvolvimento e/ou aplicação de uma nova técnica. O Capítulo I apresenta uma introdução aos fenômenos fototérmicos e desecreve a construção de instrumentos clássicos de Lente Térmica (LT) nas configurações de simples e duplo feixe. Interfaces sólido-líquido foram estudadas nos capítulos II-IV usando variações da instrumentação clássica de LT. Um novo sinal fototérmico foi caracterizado, indicando a formação de uma lente térmica invertida na interface. Experimentos de varredura-z na configuração por reflexão foram usados para determinar a mudança no índice de refração da interface próximo ao ângulo crítico, e uma metodologia similar foi utilizada para a medida da difusividade térmica de amostras opacas. Nos capítulos V-VII, a deformação de superfícies líquidas foi estudada pelo efeito Marangoni induzido por laser e pela geração de ondas capilares. A transferência de calor pela interface líquido-gás foi monitorada por Deflexão Fototérmica Transversal. Em todos os casos, a influência de surfactantes foi estudada pela formação de uma monocamada na superfície dos líquidos. Observou-se que uma pequena quantidade de surfactante é capaz de cessar a movimentação de líquidos induzida por gradientes de tensão superficial e aumentar significativamente a transferência de calor pela interface. Os resultados indicam uma correlação entre as transições de fase das monocamadas e a atenuação da deformação superficial bem como o aumento na transferência de calor. Finalmente, o capítulo VIII apresenta uma coleção de trabalhos que derivaram dos estudos relacionados com as instrumentações desenvolvidas. / This work presents the development of new instrumentations based on photothermal phenomena to study solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces, including in the latter the effect of surfactants. The work is divided into chapters, each one focusing on the development and/or application of a new technique. Chapter I presents an introduction to photothermal phenomena and describes the construction of classical Thermal Lens (TL) instruments in the single and double-beam configurations. Solid-liquid interfaces were studied in chapters II-IV using variations of the classical TL instrumentation. A new photothermal signal was characterized, indicating the formation of an inverted thermal lens at the interface. Z-scan experiments in the reflection configuration were used to determine the change in the refractive index of an interface close to the critical angle, and a similar methodolody was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of opaque samples. In Chapters V-VII, the deformation of liquid surfaces was studied by laser-induced Marangoni effect and the generation of capillary waves. Heat transfer through the liquid-gas interface was monitored by Transverse Photothermal Deflection. In all cases, the influence of surfactants was studied by forming a monolayer on the surface of the liquids. It was observed that a tiny amount of surfactants was able to cease the motion of liquid induced by surface tension gradients and to increase significantly the heat transfer through the interface. The results indicate a correlation between phase transitions of the monolayers and the attenuation of the surface deformation as well as the increase in the heat transfer. Finally, chapter VIII is a collection of other works that derived from the studies related to the instrumentations developed.

How can the unique legacy of the most ancient of civilizations be represented within a single building? How can one building spans the area between heaven and earth, the space described in the cosmology of our pharonic ancestors? Certainly, to design such a building is a unique challenge, and an unprecedented opportunity, on this most privileged of sites in the history of mankind, that a museum is to be constructed capable of linking the immemorial past with the distant future spanning both the horizons of the ancients and those as yet unseen. Through the investigation of phenomenology, geometry, simplicity, purity and light, listening to the voice of silence, emerging to the light from the darkness, and by understanding the strength of simplicity after passing through complexity, This thesis offers an endless stream of ideas that challenge the mind. The vision for the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) is to establish a place where people from different nations and cultures will be able to immerse themselves in the rich culture heritage from more than 5.000 years of Egyptian civilization. With the support of new technology, more effective and efficient dissemination of information can be achieved, enabling the New Museum to be a source of enjoyable, entertaining, educational and cultural experiences for all visitors. This project aims at structuring a complex of exhibits and facilities, which will accommodate all Pharaonic periods, it will be the largest museum in the world, and will provide access to information and future knowledge. It results from the careful articulation of the problem and a subsequent ordering of constraints within the context of the competition proposal. / Master of Architecture

Tourniquet Mirage, a piece for orchestra and processed sound, is based on the recitation of a poem of the same name. Recitations are recorded and altered electronically through granulation and phase vocoding. Granular synthesis cuts audio up into "short sound grains" and combines them into a sequence of grains to form a longer final output. Phase vocoding uses Fourier analysis to analyze audio and represent it as a series of amplitudes, phases, and frequencies. The phase vocoder then uses this information to manipulate the audio without altering the overall structure of the waveform. / The processed sound part is closely linked to the music in the orchestra. This is as a result of developing the pitch-material of the orchestra by spectrally analyzing the processed audio. At certain times, the relationship between the electronics part and the sound of the orchestra is blurred. To accomplish this, the related formal sections of the orchestra are situated in a canonic relationship with respect to the processed-sound part. The thesis is in two parts: an analysis and an orchestral score.

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The sites I visit turned into routines a long time ago. Everywhere someone has decided what should be there and what will not fit. I retreat into my daydreams, away from everyday life. A longing for something different, something wonderful. I decided to go where I've never been, searching for something unknown. Sometimes the escape and search is similar, and with the same goal. This is a story about a journey to a new place, which is familiar in more ways than one. It's about everything that is designated, but by whom and for whom? About possibilities, to see what the world could be, potential, dreams and hope. The project aims to implement a fantasy, and show a different reality. I found a place on the border between urban buildings and vast nature. An end, a beginning and a passage. There is a tree, a symbol of knowledge and vegetation, a premonition of what's coming. The closest we come to untouched nature begins on the other side of the slope. But here, where I stand, everything is decided. I understand that my world is synthetic. My project is a site-specific design in Akalla, where I created a tree wig and a stone landscape.