Den elektroniska handeln har varit på framfart i många år, den erbjuder stora potentiella affärsmöjligheter för företag. Med hjälp av internet kan företag idag erbjuda produkter och tjänster till kunder över hela världen. Elektronisk handel kan också erbjudas via mobiltelefoner, även kallat mobilhandel. Den handeln har i Sverige haft en trög tillväxt jämfört med den elektroniska, en förklaring till detta kan vara säkerhetsaspekten. Flera forskare uttrycker att det råder en osäkert hos konsumenten i transaktionsutförandet. Även fast tillväxten börjat ta fart sedan det explosionsartade användandet av smartphone kan vi fortfarande se att företag är försiktiga med att investera i den mobila försäljningskanalen. Eftersom den mobilahandeln fortfarande är relativ ny i Sverige är den också oprövad, det finns inte tillräckligt med teorier som säger hur företagen bör arbeta för att skapa en lönsam mobilkanal. Statistik visar att de flesta använder sin smartphone för att söka information, det krävs således att företag kan konvertera sina besökare till kunder. En annan problematik som vi valt att fokusera på är målgruppsanalysen, vilka är det som kan tänka sig använda sig av m-handel och vad för faktorer är viktiga för konsumenten om de handlar via mobilen. Med den utgångspunkten är vårt syfte att studera de personliga, tekniska och finansiella faktorerna som ligger till grund för en djupare förståelse av vad som påverkar konsumenters acceptans att handla/betala via mobilen. Vi vill även undersöka om det finns andra faktorer som kan dyka upp i resultatet, som kan ha en viktig betydelse relaterat till vår forskningsfråga. Studien skrivs ur ett konsumentbeteende perspektiv. Vidare bygger studien på en kvantitativ metod som vi valt att utföra med hjälp av enkäter. Det var 144st smartphone-användare som besvarade enkäten och som ligger till grund till resultatet. Våra slutsatser besvarar vår problemformulering utifrån de tre faktorer som vi valt att fokusera på. Resultatet visade att de tekniska faktorerna spelade en större roll än de två andra.

Le téléphone portable va au-delà de ses fonctions premières de communication en intégrant des fonctions de paiement. Cette thèse propose une analyse économique des principaux enjeux du paiement mobile ; elle tente d’expliquer les causes de retard de cette technologie, ses difficultés d’émergence, d’envisager certaines pistes à même de modifier les trajectoires. Tout d’abord la technologie doit se stabiliser, offrir un service unique et interopérable pour tenter de faire émerger un réseau d’utilisateurs suffisant. L’analyse de l’environnement juridico-financier du m-paiement, technologie à mi-chemin entre la téléphonie et l’activité bancaire, a été nécessaire. La suite de la thèse est consacrée à une analyse orientée d’abord vers le consommateur puis évolue vers une analyse des relations entre fournisseurs de service. Un chapitre est consacré à l’élaboration d’un modèle empirique analysant les motifs et modalités d’adoption des utilisateurs, en fonction de la forme de la technologie mais aussi en fonction de l’usage de cette technologie. Enfin, les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés à la modélisation des relations possibles entre fournisseurs de service. Ces deux chapitres présentent plusieurs modèles permettant de comprendre les atouts multiples mais aussi les limites du paiement mobile dans un environnement bancarisé. Ils proposent aussi un scenario explicatif du succès des solutions de m-paiement en pays émergent. Ils mettent ainsi en évidence l’intérêt du point de vue de la bancarisation de ces zones, de la présence d’offres coopératives mais surtout et paradoxalement de solutions simplifiées gérées par les opérateurs seuls. / Mobile phone overtakes its first communication functions including payment functions. This thesis proposes an economic analysis of the key issues of mobile payment, it attempts to explain the reasons of the delay and its difficulties to emerge. First technology must stabilize, offer a unique and interoperable service to try to bring out a sufficient network of users. The analysis of the legal and financial environment of m-payment technology halfway between telephony and banking was necessary. The rest of the thesis is devoted to an analysis oriented to consumer then progresses to an analysis of the relationship between service providers analysis. A chapter is devoted to the development of an empirical model analyzing the reasons and conditions of user's adoption. Finally, the last two chapters are devoted to the modeling of possible relationships between service providers. These two chapters have several models to understand the many advantages but also the limitations of the mobile payment in a banked environment. They also offer an explanatory scenario to the success of m- payment solutions in emerging countries. And they highlight the interest from the point of view of banking services in these areas, the presence of co-offers, but especially and paradoxically solutions managed by operators.

The financial services industry is one of the most rapidly growing industries worldwide. Although mobile payment (m-payment) systems have generated a lot of hype, not all supportive infrastructures are in place where one firm’s service can be applied globally. Technology has provoked major changes in this industry with how firms operate and innovate as well as how they adapt their business models. Additionally, how services expand and understanding the ways new services are developed in different countries are becoming increasingly relevant. This qualitative, multidisciplinary study compares the sectoral system of innovation (SSI) and service innovation of m-payment systems between a developed country, the United Kingdom (UK), and a developing country, India. The dissertation draws upon 27 original interviews in the UK and India in order to analyse and identify the drivers of innovation. The analytical framework is designed for a firm-level analysis where variables affecting the resources and capabilities act as a way of integrating knowledge and influencing the innovation process. The main research questions are: how does a diverse SSI shape business models within the m-payment systems; why and to what extent do the processes of service innovation differ between m-payment systems as explained in the UK and India? The SSI approach links innovation to the interactions of the different actors in the economy and the system. Innovation is either the process of creating or the recombining of knowledge for some new use to become an outcome of that process. Innovation does not sit within the boundaries of an organization nor does it sit neatly at one level, but instead it is a multifaceted construct. Thirteen case studies are employed with the main industries being banking, telecommunications and technology. A thematic analysis is applied in using an inductive, exploratory approach from an interpretive perspective. The outcomes of interpretism are helpful in presenting an understanding of the causal mechanisms of innovation through a theoretical framework of resource-based view (RBV) and knowledge-based view (KBV). Findings from the research will show a lack of an all-encompassing and exhaustive perspective of m-payment systems. A hindrance of innovation has caused a fundamental problem identified in the UK showcasing a lack of strong innovative, specific institutions; while in India, poorly managed implementation of institutions has led to strengthening of cognitive institutions amongst firms. In particular, innovation in emerging fields that have yet to reach their technological maturity is just as strong in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Furthermore, innovation happens in developing countries through processes that are more complex than originally conceptualized. The contribution to the theoretical understanding of innovation is two-fold. Firstly, in researching mobile financial systems in a developed and developing country, an m-financial SSI framework is constructed that is usable by policy-makers, analysts and firms exploring their value chain positioning. Secondly, the research emphasises the importance of integrating firms’ activity (including new product and service design) into integrated service systems since the particular nature of these systems for m-payments varies between contexts. Therefore, the research helps to show how m-payment systems vary and in particular what are the drivers of innovation between a developed and developing context. Thus, existing theory needs to take into consideration the possibility that emerging market firms are perhaps more innovative than developed countries, and as a consequence, future research should address this with caution. For management practice, the research has shown that there is still not a complete model in explaining the performance of firm level innovation. For practitioners, innovation and technological development needs to get better at interoperability with users and merchants. Furthermore, business models will need to evolve from limited proprietary solutions towards cooperation and standardised solutions if there are to be successful, global firms.

Fueled by ubiquitous access to mobile phones, and a massive population of nearly 3 billion unbanked people around the globe, mobile commerce is evolving as a disruptive technology. Simultaneously, mobile payments are surfacing as a killer application within the mobile commerce context (Hu et al. 2008). Undeniably, the proliferation of wireless mobile technology provides much-needed access to vital information, and financial services for disenfranchised, unbanked populations. In addition, technological innovations offer first-time opportunities for suppliers of goods and services in a market context to gain competitive advantages while enhancing their economic viability. According to Portio Research, the volume of mobile payments rose significantly from $68.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, with predictions of $633.4 billion U.S. dollars by the end of 2014 (mobithinking.com 2012). Despite exponential growth in the number of mobile subscribers globally, and widespread adoption of mobile commerce, acceptance rates for mobile payment applications have lagged (Dahlberg et al. 2007, Ondrus et al 2009, Ondrus and Lyytinen 2011). Yet examinations of factors inhibiting the widespread acceptance of mobile payments are relatively sparse. Using Social Network theory, this research examines factors affecting engagement in mobile payments. The researcher posits that four primary elements influence mobile payment engagement: 1) the relationships between and amongst inter-organizational alliance members; 2) the prevailing regulatory environment; 3) the state of existing banking and technology infrastructures, and 4) an assessment of economic opportunity. The research outcomes from this exploratory examination led to the development of a comprehensive model for mobile payment engagement, and strongly suggest that ties between and amongst firms in inter-organizational alliances help ensure the success of mobile payment engagement. Support was found for the following suppositions: 1) similarities and relations (continuous ties) help establish a framework and understanding amongst alliance members as to each party’s goals and objectives; and 2) interactions and flows (discrete ties) between and amongst inter-organizational alliance members strengthen the overall ties between alliance members while solidifying a viable working relationship amongst the alliance members. This study employs a qualitative approach to obtain real world insight into the dynamism of the mobile payment arena. A model is then proposed to practically examine mobile payment engagement opportunities. From a theoretical perspective, the research contributes to the extant scholarly knowledgebase pertaining to engagement in mobile payments.

With wireless internet, wireless network(including mobile internet ) will become the new mainstream communication. At the same time, due to the mobility and efficiency of mobile devices, such as PDA, cellular phone, etc., more diverse new functions and services are becoming available. In the near future, mobile commerce and mobile payment systems certainly will become one of the consumer life styles. As a result, many scholars or organizations all propose the mechanism suitable for the mobile commerce and mobile payment system. However, compared to many countries around the world, mobile payment is yet to be developed in Taiwan. From the supply side, there exists a problem that those services control in hands in the telecommunication system industry¡Fand on the other side, there exist some problems from the users , like use habit is difficult to set up , and lack of suitable use situation, etc. This research is based on ¡§The BOT of e-commerce and wireless network development¡¨, which is erected from Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA). We use the situation to develop the mobile payment system and related business plan, hoping to provide a reference for investors of TRA, who want to develop e-commerce and needing a complete payment system and cashflow mechanism. The payment system of this research institute planning is especially in the environment to consumers, propose differently at present that the adding value of the existing mobile payment system is served. For example, we combine the storage fund mechanism and credit card on mobile, transmit trade information through wireless network or IVR, in order to reach all the unrestricting users. We also bring innovative cell-phone dial depositing and cash fund mechanism, in order to solve the situation that passengers are confined in the railroad car and can't move to anyway. The financial model is set up after the business plan, to carry on the feasible assessment of financial affairs of this special project. According to the results from the financial model, NPV of the project is 8,917,271 NT dollar, IRR is up to 22% , DPB is about 4.9 year; and therefore this project is feasible on financial affairs.

Aim: Banks’ settlement of handling cash and the technological developments of our payment services, leaves us guessing at the outlooks of consumers’ payment systems. One of the new payment options arising from this development is mobile payment. With access to internet, mobile payment can take over the role as the primary method of payment, as it can be used on any occasion. Questions are raised about which factors that are affecting the future users’ attitude to use mobile payment, and if the service can be a threat to the traditional card payments. Method: This study is based on a quantitative method by the means of a survey design. Questionnaires are used in order to collect a considerable amount of data. A deductive approach is used to formulate hypotheses from existing theory, which is tested with various statistic methods. Result & Conclusions: The study results display a significant relationship between the users’ attitude to start using mobile payment and compatibility and usefulness. The variable that showed no significant relationship was ease of use. The results also showed that the method of card payment is accepted and is therefore main competitor for mobile payment. Suggestions for future research: To investigate which factors future users value between the variables compatibility and usefulness is a possible suggestion for future research. When these two were found to have a relationship with attitude, it can affect the future users’ acceptance to mobile payment. It would also be interesting to examine a merchant’s perspective to identify who intends to offer such services. This is an important aspect, as the study results showed that the respondents had lower response rates regarding whether mobile payment could be associated with the availability for use in the market. Contribution of the thesis: The study highlights future users’ acceptance of mobile payment and which factors that can be driving for increased spread. The result can provide ideas on what incentives are neccessary to be focused on, to get more of the younger generation to develop a positive attitude towards this service and then apply it. The study results also provide an insight for card companies, as they seek knowledge whether the mobile payment is a threat in the current situation.

全球行動支付交易金額預測將從2013年的2354億美元成長至2017年的7210億，年增率平均35%，而使用人口也將從2.4億增加到4.5億。另外，相較於亞洲其他國家非現金支付比例已高達五、六成，臺灣只有25%，顯示還有很高的成長空間。本研究透過Porter的鑽石模型比較美國、中國、台灣三國在行動支付領域的優勢與挑戰，同時透過Business Canvas拆解台灣行動支付平台廠商的商業模式，藉以了解台灣在行動支付領域的策略以及商業模式運作方法。 本研究的結論認為臺灣雖然在由於法律因素在行動支付市場業務上起步較晚，然而在技術取得面具有後發優勢。在需求面，臺灣的消費者準備度亦高，因此主要的挑戰在於產業鏈上待整合與國內內需低落，尚可透過跨境電商的方式取得突破。另一方面，台灣的廠商應該考慮選擇HCE而非TSM平台，同時思考如何吸引具有強大網路效應與平台效應的族群，並在國外廠商進入前搶先佈局。本研究屬初探性質，可作為未來研究行動支付相關研究之基礎。 / Global mobile payment market is forecasted to boom from 2.354 trillions in 2013 to 7.21 trillion in 2015, averagely at 25% annual growth rate. Compared to 50-60% non-cash payment in other Asian countries Taiwan only has 25% non-cash payment, which suggests high potential growth. This research conducted Diamond Model to compare the advantages and challenges in the domain of mobile payment in the U.S., China and Taiwan. Additionally, inspecting a Taiwanese mobile payment platform company by Business Canvas to understand business models and strategies in Taiwan. The conclusion of the research suggested that though Taiwan has slower development at mobile payment in consequence of legislation factor, it has the late-developing advantage in the acquisition of technology. In demand side, Taiwan also has high customer preparation, thus the main challenges are the integration of supply chain and limited domestic need, which could be overcome by developing international e-commerce. Furthermore, Taiwanese mobile payment companies shall consider adopt HCE platform instead of TSM platform, at the mean time find out how to appeal the groups with strong network effect and platform effect, and speed up deployment before international companies access to Taiwan. This research plays a role of advanced research in mobile payment, and could be a foundation for further related researches.

Fueled by ubiquitous access to mobile phones, and a massive population of nearly 3 billion unbanked people around the globe, mobile commerce is evolving as a disruptive technology. Simultaneously, mobile payments are surfacing as a killer application within the mobile commerce context (Hu et al. 2008). Undeniably, the proliferation of wireless mobile technology provides much-needed access to vital information, and financial services for disenfranchised, unbanked populations. In addition, technological innovations offer first-time opportunities for suppliers of goods and services in a market context to gain competitive advantages while enhancing their economic viability. According to Portio Research, the volume of mobile payments rose significantly from $68.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, with predictions of $633.4 billion U.S. dollars by the end of 2014 (mobithinking.com 2012). Despite exponential growth in the number of mobile subscribers globally, and widespread adoption of mobile commerce, acceptance rates for mobile payment applications have lagged (Dahlberg et al. 2007, Ondrus et al 2009, Ondrus and Lyytinen 2011). Yet examinations of factors inhibiting the widespread acceptance of mobile payments are relatively sparse. Using Social Network theory, this research examines factors affecting engagement in mobile payments. The researcher posits that four primary elements influence mobile payment engagement: 1) the relationships between and amongst inter-organizational alliance members; 2) the prevailing regulatory environment; 3) the state of existing banking and technology infrastructures, and 4) an assessment of economic opportunity. The research outcomes from this exploratory examination led to the development of a comprehensive model for mobile payment engagement, and strongly suggest that ties between and amongst firms in inter-organizational alliances help ensure the success of mobile payment engagement. Support was found for the following suppositions: 1) similarities and relations (continuous ties) help establish a framework and understanding amongst alliance members as to each party’s goals and objectives; and 2) interactions and flows (discrete ties) between and amongst inter-organizational alliance members strengthen the overall ties between alliance members while solidifying a viable working relationship amongst the alliance members. This study employs a qualitative approach to obtain real world insight into the dynamism of the mobile payment arena. A model is then proposed to practically examine mobile payment engagement opportunities. From a theoretical perspective, the research contributes to the extant scholarly knowledgebase pertaining to engagement in mobile payments.

With the evolution of technology and the Internet, the world is heading to a "cashless society". China has moved towards one solution -  mobile payment in the recent decade. In every corner of urban life, mobile payment has become a favorite way of conducting transactions for merchants and customers. This thesis aims to get a deep understanding of why mobile payment platform has become so widely used in China, and in particular to explore why merchants choose to adopt it. To investigate the issue, this study has formed a theoretical framework including the topics of mobile payment, platform and multi-sided market, network effects, lock-in effect, technology acceptance model, and other influential factors. Based on the framework, a qualitative study was conducted to examine merchants and mobile payment service providers in terms of adoption and diffusion. The findings show that several factors such as customer demands, cost, initial trust and benefits have significant influence on merchant’s adoption of mobile payment. The study implies the provider’s strategies of diffusion largely depend on the cooperation with merchants and having a massive customer base.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors of adoption within alternative e-payments methods, and gain a deeper understanding of the reasons to why these factors affect the consumer’s adoption. This will be conducted through empirical research, as well as looking into previous theory in order to propose a research framework that is appropriately adapted to the specific phenomenon of alternative e-payments.   Problem: The substantial growth of e-commerce, and the limitations within conventional card payment has paved way for the development of new and innovative alternative e-payment methods. Past research point towards that, there are gaps in literature, where there is a lack of qualitative studies within the field. Furthermore, Sweden is one of the nations with the highest level of innovativeness, as well as e-commerce usage making it an appropriate market to analyze.   Method and Methodology: By applying an intepretevism paradigm, this research views knowledge from a subjective viewpoint. The primary data is collected through a qualitative approach, using one-to-one semi structured interviews, in order to obtain deeper a response. The gathered data is later on analyzed and compared with the previous research within the field.   Findings: The findings of this thesis identifies the factors of adoption within alternative e-payments and why they have an affect. Certain factors seemed to be of greater importance than others, and many of the factors held similarities showing their interdependent nature. Furthermore, new factors were identified as well as the factors being highly context specific, identifying gaps that should be addressed in future research.