There is limited research on the use of results-based management (RBM) in schools, therefore this study focussed on developing a sustainable and effective RBM model. The objectives of the study were to identify the obstacles encountered in implementing RBM in primary and secondary schools in the Goromonzi District, identify and describe the steps taken in developing and sustaining an effective RBM model, and to develop a sustainable and effective RBM model suitable for both Zimbabwean primary and secondary schools. A qualitative research method was used since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight into and understanding of school heads’ and teachers’ perceptions, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when implementing RBM. The study covered ten purposely selected schools in the Goromonzi District. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with the school heads and teachers. To enhance the validity of the findings, this study adhered to ethical principles and techniques. The following salient findings that emerged from the study were that the school heads and teachers had a negative perception of IRBM because a top-down approach was used when it was introduced and the system was not customised since it was merely “imported” from a developed country whose context was different from the Zimbabwean socio-political and economic environment. There was also a serious dearth of financial resources to support the system and this affected the quality of RBM training negatively. The lack of funding also led to the non-payment of incentives for the staff with regard to implementing RBM. It was also indicated that the senior Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education officials showed a lack of commitment and support for RBM. To address the implementation challenges it was indicated that resources had to be mobilised to ensure the capacitation of school heads and teachers and also for incentivising them. Incentivising staff is critical for the successful implementation of RBM. It was also noted that there was a need to develop a results culture in schools and train school heads in change management. It was concluded that a home grown RBM model that was context sensitive to the Zimbabwean situation was required. As envisaged, the study resulted in the development of the three phased Zimbabwe results-based management practical model (ZRBMPM). The first phase addresses RBM implementing challenges and the second phase focusses on incentivising staff to promote the effective implementation of results management. The last phase entails the production of the results. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é propor um modelo para monitoramento e avaliação da gestão da inovação em micro, pequenas e médias empresas, integrando-se métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão a ferramentas consagradas de monitoramento e avaliação e de gestão da qualidade para selecionar indicadores e métricas específicas deste contexto organizacional (at the firm-level). A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e análise documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo para monitorar e avaliar a gestão da inovação de MPMEs, buscando-se preencher lacunas identificadas na literatura especializada. O modelo conceitual e o marco lógico para definição de indicadores e métricas contemplaram quatro dimensões: (i) capacidade de governança e organização para inovar; (ii) capacidade de gerenciamento de pessoas para inovação; (iii) capacidade de gerenciamento de processos de gestão de PDEI; e (iv) resultados e impactos de inovações. A aplicabilidade do modelo foi demonstrada mediante um estudo empírico focalizando-se uma MPME assistida pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação da PUC-Rio (NAGI-PUC-Rio). Destacam-se como principais contribuições da pesquisa um modelo para monitoramento e avaliação da gestão da inovação de MPMEs, que considera as especificidades dessas empresas e seus contextos socioprodutivos, e um conjunto de indicadores compostos associados às dimensões de gestão da inovação contempladas no modelo. / [en] The objective of the dissertation is to propose a model for monitoring and evaluating (ME) the innovation management in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), by integrating multicriteria decision-making methods to ME and quality management tools for selecting specific indicators and metrics for this organizational context (at the firm-level). The research can be considered descriptive, methodological and applied. Based on the results of the bibliographical review and documentary analysis on the central themes of the research, a model was developed to monitor and evaluate the management of innovation by MSMEs, seeking to fill gaps identified in the specialized literature. The conceptual model and the logical framework for the definition of indicators and metrics included four dimensions: (i) governance and organization capacity to innovate; (ii) capacity of people management towards innovation; (iii) capacity of management of RDEI processes; and (iv) results and impacts of innovations. The applicability of the model was demonstrated through an empirical study focusing on a company that participated in the Innovation Management Support Program of PUC-Rio (acronym in Portuguese, NAGI-PUC-Rio). The main contributions of the research are a model for monitoring and evaluation of the innovation management by MSMEs, which considers the specificities of these firms and their socio-productive contexts, and a set of composite indicators associated with the dimensions of innovation management contemplated in the proposed model).

Monitoring and evaluation is multidisciplinary. It is interpreted differently and is instituted to achieve different outcomes. In South Africa, monitoring and evaluation is fairly new and as such extensive research on it is required. It enjoys immense legislative support and is implemented by multiple role players as a reform initiative to safeguard the use of limited resources, improve transparency, enforce accountability, and ensure that there is value for money and to improve service delivery to satisfy the needs of the society. Using a quantitative research method in which a research questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of respondents that were selected from the study area, the findings of this study reveals both the areas of effective and ineffective implementation of monitoring and evaluation. Effective implementation is verified by the findings through which the respondents report that monitoring and evaluation processes are clearly outlined, respondents have the expertise to implement monitoring and evaluation, monitoring and evaluation as a critical management tool complements other functions, improves service delivery, enforces accountability, promotes transparency, strengthens internal management processes and improves capacity. Adherence by the department to its financial reporting obligations to oversight institutions using the prescribed procedures is helpful and does not distract it from achieving its objectives. Contrarily, the findings also reveal areas of ineffective implementation, namely, majorities of respondents are not regularly trained on monitoring and evaluation, there is lack of accountability, support and failure by senior managers to prioritise monitoring and evaluation, the monitoring and evaluation directorate is inappropriately located and insufficiently resourced, progress in the implementation of the recommendations that are made in quarterly performance reports is not tracked and there is lack of evidence to support achieved targets. / Centre for Public Administration and Management / M.P.A. (Public Administration and Management)

The aim of the study is to establish how clients of the Germiston police station experience service delivery from personnel at their local police station and how police officials perceive their service delivery. This research wants to determine the extent of knowledge skills and attitude within the SAPS. The main objective was to evaluate services delivered by SAPS personnel. A qualitative research approach was chosen because it is flexible. The results of the study identified gaps. A significant shortage of personnel in the client service centre was noted. Furthermore, the results revealed that there is poor management and evaluation of the service delivery process. To have an effective and efficient service delivery process, it is recommended that the management of Germiston police station re-enforce legislation on service delivery and human resource capacity with the introduction of a customer service agent in the client service center and implement a monitoring and evaluation strategy. / Inhloso yocwaningo ngukubheka ukuthi abahlinzekwa usizo esiteshini samaphoyisa saseGermiston baluthola kanjani usizo esiteshini samaphoyisa sendawo nokuthi amaphoyisa akubona kanjani ukuhlinzeka kwawo usizo. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuveza izinga lamakhono olwazi kanye nokuziphatha ophikweni lamaphoyisa iSAPS. Injongo enkulu kwakuwukuhlaziywa usizo oluhlinzekwa abasebenzi bakwaSAPS. Kwakhethwa indlela yocwaningo ebheka amaqiniso ngoba iyaququleka. Imiphumela yocwaningo yaveza izindawo okungenzeki kahle kuzona. Kwabonakala ukuntuleka okukhulu kwabasebenzi esikhungweni sosizo okuhlinzekwa kubantu. Phezu kwalokho, imiphumela yaveza ukuthi kunokungaphathwa ngendlela nokungahlaziywa kahle kohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kosizo. Ukuze kube khona uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kosizo olusebenza ngempumelelo nangokonga, kunconywa ukuba abaphathi besiteshi samaphoyisa saseGermiston baphoqe iqoqomthetho maqondana nokuhlinzekwa kosizo, mayelana nabasebenzi abanele kanye nokulethwa komuntu ozobhekana nezindaba zokugculiseka kwamakhasimende esikhungweni sosizo oluhlinzekwa kubantu futhi kuqale kulandelwe isu lokuqapha nokuhlaziya. / Maikemišetšo a thutelo ye ke go hlagiša ka moo badirelwa ba seteišene sa maphodisa sa Germiston ba itemogelago kabo ya ditirela go tšwa go bašomedi ba seteišeneng sa maphodisa sa tikologong ya bona le ka moo bahlankedi ba maphodiša ba bonago kabo ya ditirelo tša bona ka gona. Nyakišišo ye e nyaka go laetša bogolo bja go ba le tsebo le boitshwaro ka go SAPS. Maikemišetšo a magolo e be e le go lekola ditirelo tšeo di abilwego ke bašomedi ba SAPS. Mokgwatebelelo wa dinyakišišo ka go rerišana le banyakišišwa ore o be le kwešišo ya seo o se nyakišišago o kgethilwe ka gobane o ka fetolwa gabonolo. Dipoelo tša thutelo tlhokego ya tshedimošo ye e lekanego. Tlhaelo ye e bonagalago ya bašomedi senthareng ya go direla badirelwa e lemogilwe. Godimo ga moo, dipoela di utollotše gore go na le tshepedišo ye e fokolago ya taolo le tshekatsheko ya kabo ya ditirelo. Gore go be le tshepedišo ye e kgontšhago ya kabo ya ditirelo, go eletšwa gore bolaodi bja seteišene sa maphodisa sa Germiston bo tlaleletše maatla a melao ya kabo ya ditirelo le bokgoni bja dithuši tša batho ka godira gore go be le Modiri wa kabo ya ditirelo senthareng ya dirirelo tša badirelwa le go phethagatša maanotshepetšo a go lebeledišiša le tekolo. / Criminology and Security Science / M. A. (Criminal Justice)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of Whole School Evaluation (WSE) policy in the Libode District, Eastern Cape Province (ECP). The ECP consists of 23 districts with different learner performance levels. Libode is one of the districts in ECP with poor learner performance. The qualitative case study was used to examine the role of the stakeholders in implementing WSE policy. The empirical research was done through the semi-structured interviews with district and provincial education officials, open-ended interviews with School Management Teams (SMTs) and documents from sampled schools were analysed. The findings suggested that there was a concern in the implementation of WSE in secondary schools; they are not implementing the School Self-Evaluation (SSE). This suggested that there was a need for training schools on how to conduct SSE. The stakeholders were not conversant about the policy and inevitably not performing their roles as stipulated in the policy. This suggested clarity and redefining of roles of the stakeholders and capacity building. There were systemic barriers in the implementation of WSE policy. That implied provision of human and financial resources and accountability of the role players in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the policy. In conclusion, the findings and recommendations in this study will provide valuable contribution to the implementation of WSE in Libode secondary schools. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Submitted by Luana Messena (luanamessena@gmail.com) on 2018-04-15T16:42:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Acadêmico APG_Luana Messena.pdf: 2813971 bytes, checksum: 6a7f1dd4a6ce0b8e4cda59e5b51515b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-16T14:10:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Acadêmico APG_Luana Messena.pdf: 2813971 bytes, checksum: 6a7f1dd4a6ce0b8e4cda59e5b51515b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-16T14:27:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Acadêmico APG_Luana Messena.pdf: 2813971 bytes, checksum: 6a7f1dd4a6ce0b8e4cda59e5b51515b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Acadêmico APG_Luana Messena.pdf: 2813971 bytes, checksum: 6a7f1dd4a6ce0b8e4cda59e5b51515b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Um corpo crescente de literatura tem investigado a emergência de empresas sociais, organizações que buscam gerar valor social, ambiental e econômico simultaneamente, mesclando características tradicionalmente vinculadas às organizações da sociedade civil com características do mundo empresarial. Compreendendo empresas sociais como organizações híbridas, essa dissertação tem como objetivo responder duas perguntas de pesquisa que buscam ampliar o conhecimento sobre esse novo tipo organizacional: a. Quais são as práticas de monitoramento e avaliação em empresas sociais? b. Como diferentes lógicas institucionais influenciam essas práticas? A revisão de literatura realizada mostrou a pertinência da perspectiva teórica institucional para explorar tanto o tema de monitoramento e avaliação quanto os desafios e tensões que emergem do hibridismo organizacional. A pesquisa estabelece diálogos com a literatura que estuda monitoramento e avaliação em empresas sociais e com a literatura que aplica a teoria de lógicas institucionais ao estudo dessas organizações. Lógicas institucionais podem ser definidas como padrões históricos de símbolos culturais e práticas materiais socialmente construídos que incluem premissas, valores e crenças pelos quais indivíduos e organizações dão sentido para suas atividades diárias, organizam o tempo e o espaço e reproduzem suas vidas e experiências (Thornton, Ocasio e Lounsbury, 2012). Partindo de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se como método de pesquisa a análise de dois estudos de caso instrumentais. Por meio da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, análise documental e observações, os casos de duas empresas sociais brasileiras foram analisados. As práticas de monitoramento e avaliação foram destrinchadas à luz dos seus propósitos, características metodológicas, atores envolvidos e usos, traçando um histórico detalhado de experiências vividas. Os desafios e tensões relacionados às práticas também foram explorados e se mostraram especialmente ricos para compreensão do ambiente de pluralismo institucional que essas organizações estão imersas. Optou-se por partir dos achados e afirmações da literatura sobre a existência de uma lógica de bem-estar social e uma lógica comercial influenciando empresas sociais (Battilana e Dorado, 2010; Smith et al., 2013; Pache e Santos, 2013; Mair, Mayer e Lutz, 2015; Nicholls e Huybrechts, 2016; Maibom e Smith, 2016). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram como os membros das organizações estudadas combinam ambas as lógicas em determinados elementos organizacionais e como as experiências e as práticas de monitoramento e avaliação são marcadas, especialmente, por estratégias de negociação e adaptação frente à diferentes prescrições institucionais. / A growing body of literature has investigated the emergency of social enterprises that seek the social, environmental and economic value simultaneously, merging traditionally characteristics affiliated to associations of civil society with characteristics of the entrepreneurial world. Comprehending social enterprises as hybrid organizations, this dissertation aims to answer two research questions that seek to broaden the knowledge about this new organizational type: a. What are the monitoring and evaluation practices in social enterprises? b. How do different institutional logics influence these practices? The literature review showed the theoretical relevance of the institutional perspective to explore both the monitoring and evaluation theme and the challenges and tensions that emerge from organizational hybridism. The research establishes dialogues with the literature that studies monitoring and evaluation in social enterprises and with the literature that applies the theory of institutional logics to the study of these organizations. Institutional logics can be defined as the socially constructed, historical patterns of cultural symbols and material practices, including assumptions, values, and beliefs, by which individuals and organizations provide meaning to their daily activity, organize time and space, and reproduce their lives and experiences (Thornton, Ocasio and Lounsbury, 2012). Starting from a qualitative approach, it was used the analysis of two instrumental case studies, as the research method. Through semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis and observations, the cases of two Brazilian social enterprises were analyzed. The monitoring and evaluation practices were unraveled considering the purpose, methodological characteristics, involved actors and uses, tracing a detailed history of lived experiences. The challenges and tensions related to practices have also been explored and have proven especially rich in understanding the institutional pluralism environment that these organizations are immersed in. It was decided to start from the findings and affirmations of the literature on the existence of a social welfare logic and a commercial logic influencing social enterprises (Battilana and Dorado, 2010; Smith et al., 2013, Pache and Santos, 2013; Mair et al., 2015, Nicholls and Huybrechts, 2016, Maibom and Smith, 2016). The results of the research show how the members of the organizations studied combine both logics in certain organizational elements and how experiences and practices of monitoring and evaluation are especially marked by strategies of negotiation and adaptation to different institutional prescriptions.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study focused on policy agenda-setting models for school sport and physical education in South Africa. The primary objective was to assess and propose options for improved agenda-setting by focussing on the use of agenda-setting models and by applying it to physical education and school sport and the policy agenda of the national government. The study has shown that pertinent school sport and physical education policy issues, as supported by key role-players and principal actors, were initially not placed on the formal policy agenda of government during the research investigation period (2005-2009). However, during 2010 and 2011 the issue of school sport and physical education received prominent attention by authorities and these developments were subsequently included in the study. The study aimed at contributing to existing policy agenda-setting models and by recommending changes to the Generic Process Model.The study also made a contribution by informing various role-players and stakeholders in education and school sport on the opportunities in policy agenda-setting. The study showed that policy agenda-setting is a vital step in the Generic Policy Process Model. Policy agendasetting in South Africa is critical, as it is important to place new and emerging policy issues on the policy agenda and as a participative public policy process is relatively new in this young democracy. The reader should not confuse the study as one dealing with school sport and physical education primarily, but rather as a research investigation dealing with policy agenda-setting models as applied to school sport and physical education.The secondary objectives of the study included the development of a historical perspective on trends and tendencies in education and sport in South Africa. A second objective was to provide theoretical perspectives on public policy and specifically on policy agenda-setting.From these theoretical perspectives, the Generic Policy Process Model was selected to use as a model that provided guidance on the overall policy process normally followed in South Africa. The Issue Attention Cycle and Principal Actor Models on Agenda-Setting were selected to apply to the case study to specifically ascertain important factors related to policy agenda-setting such as the identification of key role players as well as key policy issues. The Generic Policy Process Model provided for both a comprehensive set of phases as well as specific requirements and key issues to be addressed during each phase of the policy process.In terms of findings the study found that a number of specific agenda-setting elements or phases needed to be added to the Generic Policy Process Model, which includes a problem stage, triggers, initiator, issue creation and actors or policy stakeholders.The Principal Actor Model to agenda-setting was selected for application to the case as different actors have different levels of success at each policy stage. In the South African experience it is important to look at who sets the policy agenda and why, who can initiate agenda-setting and the role played by these principal actors in the agenda-setting process.Issue emergence often places policy issues on the policy agenda. The public is initially involved in issues, but in the long term public interest declines. The government realizes the significant costs involved in placing policy issues back on the agenda. This leads to a decline in issue attention by policy-makers and the public. The Issue Attention Cycle Model of agenda setting was used to analyse this phenomenon in South African Education policy.The study provides a case assessment of the South African experience. From the research findings, a set of conclusions and recommendations were developed for improved policy agenda-setting models and implications for school sport and physical education, as well as tools to place it on the national policy agenda were identified. The research findings suggest that pertinent school sport and physical education policy issues, as supported by key roleplayers,stakeholders and principal actors were not placed on the formal policy agenda of the government as a vital step in the policy process between 2005 and 2009. Ever since, principal policy actors, civil society NGOs, and government officials placed sufficient pressure on the Minister of Basic Education to place Physical Education on the agenda. Subsequently,Minister Angie Motshega has placed physical education in the school Curriculum under the subject Life Orientation and Lifeskills. It has become evident from the research that agendasetting is both necessary to, and a complex phase in, the policy-making process.This study has shown that major policy issues such as physical education and school sport were neglected during the period 2005 and 2009 despite reformed and advanced policy cycles in government. It has also shown that the role of policy agenda-setting in the overall policymaking process was revisited by government in the subsequent period 2010/2011 and placed on the policy agenda. Specific lessons of experience emanated from this process.The study recommends that the triggers of the agenda-setting phases be added to the Generic Policy Process Model, which should include the problem stage, triggers, initiators, issue creation, actors and policy stakeholders. Principal actors in the agenda-setting model in South Africa want the issue of physical education and school sport to be part of the school curriculum, and therefore be placed back on the policy agenda by the Government on its institutional agenda. Furthermore, the study showed that actors wanted it to be compulsory in all phases of the school (Foundation, Intermediate, Senior, GET, FET) and that it should have the same legal status as other subjects.The important findings include that:Comprehensive policy process models such as that of Dunn, Wissink and the Generic Process model may need to be reviewed to incorporate more fully the policy-agenda setting stages of the overall process; Current policy agenda setting models in use are relevant and valuable in identifying key role players as well as key issues and considerations regarding the policy process; Institutional arrangements to strengthen the role of NGOs and lower level institutions,such as schools to participate in policy agenda setting are important; and the study has shown that a number of key factors have been identified that had a key influence on policy agenda-setting in the case of physical education and school sport in South Africa. These included the influence of changing political leadership, the competency of policy capacities in government, the profile of issues in the media etc.The key findings of the study have shown that further potential exists to improve monitoring and evaluation and policy analysis.The study made a set of recommendations to principal actors such as the Minister of Education, Minister of Sport and Recreation, non-governmental organisations, interest groups, department officials and pressure groups. A set of research topics was also identified for future research.

Participatory monitoring of ecological and socioeconomic effects of harvesting and trading natural resources is advocated as a promoter of natural resource conservation and local communitiy empowerment. Nevertheless, the strategys success depends upon peoples willingness and availability to participate. Yet little is known about the factors that drive local communities to volunteer in participatory monitoring, particularly in relation to small-scale communities living in remote locations. This thesis investigated whether a number of candidate factors were able to predict peoples participation in monitoring. To do so, we conducted a study in a forest community of the Brazilian Amazon that harvested and traded Carapa guianensis (andiroba), a non-timber forest product (NTFP). Two methods of data gathering were employed: (i) an interview-based survey of 166 adults ( 18 y.o.; 51 households) to estimate peoples self-stated intention to participate and the drivers of their participation, and (ii) experimentally-implemented monitoring tasks of the effects of harvesting and trading C. guianensis to measure peoples actual participation. Results are presented in three chapters. In Chapter 1, we evaluated whether economic benefits received from the NTFP trade or, alternatively peoples cooperativeness, were more important in predicting peoples participation. Results indicated that both variables raised peoples intention and actual levels of participation in monitoring, but cooperativeness was a stronger and better predictor across monitoring tasks. In Chapter 2, we investigated the psychology of engaging in monitoring, departing from the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for understanding whether the variables in the model were appropriate to predict the willingness to volunteer in monitoring tasks. We found that the TPB model, in general, was able to predict peoples intention to volunteer in monitoring tasks. Specifically, one of the attitude indicators (attitude pleasure) explained the intention to engage in all monitoring tasks assessed. Subjective norms were also important to predict the intention to collect data on natural resource populations and to interview community inhabitants, whereas perceived behavioral control predicted the intention to collect data on natural resources and to deal with data management and storage. Finally, in Chapter 3 we hypothesized that the awareness of ecological and socioeconomic impacts of NTFP harvest and trade should explain peoples participation in monitoring. Results indicated that both factors were important, particularly regarding to peoples actual participation, although factors such as gender, age and schooling were occasionally stronger predictors. Nevertheless, there is evidence that combining monitoring of ecological and socioeconomic factors will boost the practices success. The study conclusions contribute to lessons aimed at stimulating participation in monitoring. Among those, we highlight the importance of strategies to increase levels of cooperativeness among people, spreading information about the possible negative effects of natural resource harvest and trade, and granting financial compensations equivalent to the opportunity costs of participation. / O monitoramento participativo dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da coleta e do comércio de recursos naturais é uma estratégia considerada promotora tanto da conservação ambiental, quanto do empoderamento das comunidades locais. O sucesso da estratégia, todavia, depende, sobretudo, da disponibilidade e disposição dos indivíduos em participarem. Apesar disso, sabe-se pouco sobre os fatores que determinam a participação voluntária no monitoramento, especialmente em comunidades de pequena escala habitantes de áreas remotas. Sendo assim, esta tese teve por objetivo investigar o efeito de determinantes da participação no monitoramento. Para tal, foi estudada uma comunidade da Amazônia brasileira que coleta e comercializa Carapa guianensis (andiroba), um produto florestal não madeireiro (PFNM). Dois métodos de coleta de dados foram utilizados: (i) survey por meio de entrevistas a 166 adultos ( 18 anos; 51 unidades domésticas) para estimar a intenção de participar e os determinantes da participação, e (ii) implementação de monitoramento experimental dos efeitos da coleta e do comércio de C. guianensis para quantificar a participação real no monitoramento. Os resultados são apresentados em três capítulos. No Capítulo 1, avaliamos se os benefícios econômicos obtidos com o comércio de PFNM ou, alternativamente, o comportamento cooperativo são determinantes mais importantes da participação. Os resultados indicaram que as duas variáveis aumentam a intenção e a participação real no monitoramento. Porém, o comportamento cooperativo foi um indicador mais forte da participação entre as diferentes atividades de monitoramento avaliadas. No Capítulo 2, investigamos os fatores psicológicos que afetam a participação, utilizando como base a Teoria do comportamento planejado (TCP) e avaliando o efeito das variáveis deste modelo sobre a probabilidade da participação voluntária no monitoramento. Os resultados indicaram que, em geral, o modelo da TCP é adequado para prever a intenção de participar em diferentes etapas do monitoramento avaliadas. Em particular, um dos indicadores de atitude (prazer) é capaz de explicar a participação nas quatro etapas de monitoramento. Normas subjetivas também foram importantes preditores da intenção de participar da coleta de dados da população de andiroba e entrevistar outros moradores da comunidade. Já o controle comportamental percebido previu a intenção de participar da coleta de dados sobre a população do recurso natural e a entrada e armazenamento de dados. No Capítulo 3, partimos da hipótese de que a percepção dos impactos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da coleta e do comércio de PFNM pode explicar a participação no monitoramento. Os resultados indicaram que a percepção dos dois tipos de impactos é importante, sobretudo para a participação real. Porém, outros fatores como gênero, idade e escolaridade são determinantes mais fortes da participação em algumas atividades. Ademais, encontramos evidências de que aliar o monitoramento de impactos ecológicos e socioeconômicos aumenta o sucesso da prática. As conclusões do estudo contribuem com lições práticas para aumentar a participação no monitoramento. Destacamos, dentre elas, a importância de estratégias para aumentar a cooperação entre os comunitários, a disseminação de informações sobre os possíveis impactos negativos da coleta e do comércio de recursos naturais, e o fornecimento de compensações financeiras equivalentes ao custo de oportunidade de participação

En Afrique, la décentralisation s'effectue dans des contextes variables selon les pays: la nécessité de réformer l'Etat suite à une crise, la volonté d'instaurer une démocratie locale pour compenser le pouvoir central voire dictatorial, parfois même l'incapacité de l'Etat à fournir les services socioéconomiques de base comme la santé, l'éducation, l'eau potable etc.En Afrique de l'Ouest, la décentralisation s’est souvent accompagnée d’un redécoupage des territoires dans les années 1990. La plupart des pays d’Afrique de l'Ouest ont créé trois niveaux de collectivités territoriales: la Région, le Département (Cercle au Mali) et la Commune. Ceci entraîne un besoin de gestion et d’aménagement du territoire à plusieurs échelles (état des lieux, suivi de l’emprise spatiale de l’aménagement, assainissement, gestion des ressources naturelles, développement économique rural, santé, éducation, hydraulique, gestion des risques etc.). Dans le cadre d’un besoin d’informations croissant, les partenaires au développement reconnaissent l’utilité du Système d'Information Géographique (SIG), comme outil d'aide à la décision. La création de différents ministères en lien avec l’information géographique au Mali, nécessite la mise en commun de compétences s’articulant autour de la géomatique. En effet, si chaque Institution et ministère sectoriel dispose de données thématiques propres, leur valorisation se heurte à une forte dispersion et disparité des données géographiques et cartographiques.Comment mutualiser un même système géospatial et territorial entre une mairie, une collectivité territoriale, une ONG, l’Etat ainsi que d’autres partenaires travaillant sur une même emprise territoriale ? Quelle stratégie d’information territoriale pour un pays comme le Mali ?L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mettre en place, selon les concepts, méthodes, et technologies de la géographie actuelle et de la statistique, un outil d’aide à la décision dans un contexte de mutualisation et de décentralisation, conçu pour faire franchir un pas décisif au bénéfice de l'aménagement territorial local, par une mise en cohérence et une mise à disposition des données géolocalisées nécessaires à une politique efficace d'aménagement du territoire. Cette perspective à caractère stratégique implique de remonter jusqu'aux aspects de la répartition des pouvoirs, les rapports entre les logiciels libres et payants, l’information participative (aspects sociétal, social, contexte ethnique...) et le développement de l’information géographique au Mali. Une stratégie d’information est en fait un préalable indispensable de toute stratégie d’aménagement et de développement. Le projet de thèse se veut un projet innovant cherchant à fournir des réponses sur la mise en place d’une telle politique de gestion multi-sources et multi-acteurs de l’information spatiale dans un pays en développement. / In Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country.

Investigations reveal that the failure rate of e-governance projects in developing countries is between 35% and 50% whereby, 35% is classified as a total failure and 50% is considered a partial failure. Furthermore, previous e-governance frameworks lack reliable project discipline to deliver e-governance systems effectively to stakeholders for further exploits. This is one of the major reasons why e-governance projects fail to deliver the expected value to the citizenry and thereby, negatively impacting on socio-economic development. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for benchmarking e-governance projects for socio-economic development in developing countries. The Design Science Research methodology was relied upon for the purpose of the study in order to answer its various research questions. Preliminary research investigations led to the identification of a range of critical success factors necessary for effective and efficient delivery of an e-governance project that fulfils expectations throughout the project lifecycle. Further investigations demonstrated that the foregoing critical success factors represent crucial and effective mechanisms for performing project assurance in the ambit of Monitoring and Evaluation. A generic framework for benchmarking e-governance projects was proposed. Further evaluation and validation exercises were undertaken on the framework through a survey involving a comprehensive sample of participants recruited from the Ghana ecosystem, a country considered a developing country. Experts who had comprehensive knowledge of challenges experienced when engaging in e-governance projects were also recruited from the international community as additional respondents in the survey. The study used a combination of simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Simple random sampling method was used to select 19 practising project managers, while purposive sampling method was employed to include e-governance experts in academic and research institutions as well as non-governmental organizations, with valuable insights concerning the research questions being addressed. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis, and Pearson Chi-square test. The outcome of the evaluation and validation exercises produced an improved framework of which an appropriate prototyped proof of concept was developed for the purpose of enabling e-governance project stakeholders to perform project quality assurance throughout its lifecycle. Such as prototype, if implemented in real-life will go a long way in addressing many challenges faced in the entire e-governance project value chain from a prioritization, learning, cost, quality, time and impact perspectives. The overall outcome of this study showed that despite the reality that the failure rate of e-governance projects remains high in developing countries, there is strong evidence indicating that the aforementioned situation could be circumvented. The research found that success is achievable by embarking on a rigorous process of monitoring and evaluation based on well-defined performance metrics that embody time, quality, budget and scope. As such, the significant minimization of the failure rate of e-governance projects in developing countries would become reality provided that sound monitoring and evaluation are performed in all phases of the project even after its deployment. / Information Science / Ph. D. (Information Systems)