Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-06-27T14:35:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Lueth Assaf.pdf: 1674732 bytes, checksum: bc8e2ad44b421c8f851b66f2aea6ba89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T14:35:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Lueth Assaf.pdf: 1674732 bytes, checksum: bc8e2ad44b421c8f851b66f2aea6ba89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / This research aims to expand the understanding about a theme that is gaining prominence in our society, day after day: the inclusion of people with disabilities. With the new public policies, a constant updating is necessary, aiming at the improvement of the quality of the experience of disabled people in the school environment and the expansion of their learning capacity. Although the theme is not new, with the advent of the Magna Carta, and the fundamental rights and guarantees of the citizen, a new systematics has been inevitable to deal with this issue. It is a controversial topic and therefore specific field research was required. There is great divergence among professionals: in favor, against or partially against total or partial inclusion. There are, therefore, those who stand up for the insertion of these children into specialized institutions or the presence of specific classrooms for all students who have some type of disability. Thus, the present work aimed at the following objectives: to reflect on the public policies of inclusive education and its applicability in the reality of Brazilian education; Understand aspects inherent to Down Syndrome, such as etiology and characteristics, as well as aspects of development and learning; To seek, understand and reflect on pedagogical practices that aim to aid in the learning process of students with Down Syndrome; And reflecting on the learning conditions offered to these students by regular education and how specialized education can contribute. For the development of the following work, it was necessary a bibliographic review in the desired area, field research in a specialized school, collection of historical data, collection of data through interviews and testimonies and, finally, the analysis of the data obtained in the research with the school, emphasizing that the methodology used was the qualitative method, through interviews conducted with semi-structured questionnaire and observation of the context, as mentioned above. It is important to mention that the montessorian pedagogy was investigated, bringing significant benefits to the learning of the students with Down's syndrome, through the adaptation of the method. / A pesquisa realizada visa ampliar a compreensão a respeito de um tema que, dia a dia, ganha força em nossa sociedade: a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. Com as novas políticas públicas, é necessária uma constante atualização, visando o aprimoramento, a melhoria da qualidade da experiência de pessoas deficientes no ambiente escolar e a ampliação de sua capacidade de aprendizado. Embora a temática não seja nova, com o advento da Carta Magna, e os direitos e garantias fundamentais do cidadão, fez-se inevitável uma nova sistemática para lidar com essa questão. É uma temática controversa e por isso foi necessária pesquisa de campo específica. Existe grande divergência entre os profissionais: a favor, contra ou parcialmente contra a inclusão total ou parcial. Há, portanto, aqueles que defendem a inserção dessas crianças em instituições especializadas ou a presença de salas de aula específicas para todos os alunos que possuem algum tipo de deficiência. Assim, o presente trabalho pretendeu os seguintes objetivos: refletir acerca das políticas públicas de educação inclusiva e sua aplicabilidade na realidade da educação brasileira; compreender aspectos inerentes à Síndrome de Down, tais como etiologia e características, bem como aspectos do desenvolvimento e aprendizagem; buscar, compreender e refletir acerca de práticas pedagógicas que visem auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos com Síndrome de Down; e refletir acerca das condições de aprendizagem oferecidas a esses alunos pelo ensino regular e de que maneira o ensino especializado pode contribuir. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho que se segue, foi necessária uma revisão bibliográfica na área pretendida, pesquisa de campo em escola especializada, levantamento de dados históricos, coleta de dados através de entrevistas e depoimentos e, por fim, a análise dos dados obtidos na pesquisa junto à escola, ressaltando que a metodologia empregada foi o método qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas realizadas com questionário semiestruturado e observação do contexto, como mencionado acima. Importante mencionar que a pedagogia montessoriana foi investigada, trazendo benefícios significativos à aprendizagem do aluno com Síndrome de Down, por meio de adaptação do método.

Sammandrag Med detta arbete vill jag titta på de största skillnaderna mellan en kommunal-, en Montessori- och en Waldorfskola med inriktning på deras engelskundervisning. Detta för att få inspiration till olika sätt att undervisa elever i problem på, i framförallt engelska. För att kunna se de största skillnaderna och likheterna mellan den kommunala skolan, Montessoriskolan och Waldorfskolan började jag med att studera vad som finns skrivit om dem i litteraturen. Efter att ha gjort detta valde jag att ta kontakt med en skola av varje sort. Jag besökte de tre skolorna under två dagar vardera under tre veckors tid. Under de två dagarna satt jag med i klassrummet och tittade på hur undervisningen såg ut. Besöket avslutade jag med att intervjua den lärare vars klassrum jag besökte. Intervjufrågorna jag ställde till lärarna var formulerade utifrån den litteratur jag studerat. Jag kom fram till att det inte bara finns skillnader utan även likheter mellan skolorna, framförallt mellan den kommunala skolan och Montessoriskolan. Detta både i litteraturen och i resultatet. En av de största skillnaderna mellan de olika pedagogikerna och skolorna var utöver hur de lägger upp elevernas skoldagar, hur de använder sig av de nationella proven. Den kommunala skolan gör de nationella proven i årskurs fem, medan Montessoriskolan gör femmans nationella prov i både fyran, femman och sexan, och Waldorfskolan inte gör dem över huvud taget mer än i årskurs nio. Både Montessoriskolan och Waldorfskolan anser att de kräver mer av sina elever än vad som görs i de nationella målen. Men alla tre skolorna följer målen, även om Waldorfskolorna har sin egen läroplan. / In this study I have looked at some of the differences between a municipal-, a Montessori- and a Waldorf school, with focus on their English teaching. This is because I wanted to find ways to teach English to pupils with various types of learning difficulties. To be able to see the main differences and similarities between a municipal school, a Montessori school and a Waldorf school I began with literature studies. When I had finished the literature studies I contacted three schools that applied the different pedagogies. I visited the three schools during two days each through a three-week period. During these two days I was in the classroom when the pupils were there and followed the teachers’ teaching. I ended the visits with an interview with the teacher whose classroom I visited. I came to the conclusion that there are both differences and similarities between the three schools. The two schools that are most similar are the municipal school and the Montessori school both in the literature and in the result from the observations and interviews. Two of the main differences between the schools are how they plan the school days for the pupils, in which order they have the lessons, and how they use the national tests. The municipal school uses the national test in fifth grade, the Montessori school uses it in the years four, five and six and the Waldorf school only use it in year nine. The Montessori school and Waldorf school believe that they require more from their pupils that the national goals. All the three schools aim at those goals, but the Waldorf schools have their own curriculum.

La pédagogie Montessori est une méthode d’éducation qui a été mise au point au début du siècle dernier par Maria Montessori pour des enfants d’un quartier défavorisé de Rome en Italie. Depuis sa création, elle s’est développée à la marge de l’éducation nationale et se retrouve principalement dans des écoles privées. La pédagogie Montessori devient cependant de plus en plus populaire auprès des enseignants de l’école maternelle publique. Ce récent engouement apparaît fondé à la vue de plusieurs principes de cette méthode. En effet, elle promeut l’autonomie, l’auto-régulation, la coopération entre pairs d’âges variés et l’apprentissage à partir de matériels sensoriels et auto-correctifs. Ces caractéristiques sont plutôt en accord avec les connaissances scientifiques sur l’apprentissage et le développement de l’enfant. Cependant, à ce jour, les preuves expérimentales rigoureuses de son efficacité sont limitées. Dans cette thèse, nous avons mesuré les compétences langagières, mathématiques, exécutives et sociales d’enfants d’une école maternelle, repartis aléatoirement entre des classes appliquant la pédagogie Montessori ou une pédagogie conventionnelle. Nous avons suivi leurs progrès au cours des trois années de l’école maternelle (étude longitudinale) et avons comparé les performances des enfants en fin de Grande Section (étude transversale). Nous avons également élaboré une mesure pour évaluer objectivement la qualité d’implémentation de la pédagogie Montessori dans cette école, situé dans un quartier défavorisé. Nos résultats ne montrent pas de différences entre les groupes dans les domaines des mathématiques, des compétences exécutives et des compétences sociales. Cependant, les enfants issus des classes Montessori avaient de meilleures performances en lecture que les enfants issus des classes conventionnelles en fin de Grande Section. La pédagogie Montessori apparaît donc comme adaptée à l’apprentissage de la lecture chez le jeune enfant / The Montessori method of education was created at the beginning of the last century by Maria Montessori to help children in a disadvantaged neighborhood of Rome in Italy. Although it is nowadays most commonly found in private schools, the Montessori method has gained popularity among teachers in public preschool and kindergarten in France and around the world. This popularity may appear legitimate with regards to the principles underlying the Montessori methods, which involve autonomy, self-regulation, cooperation between children from different age groups and learning with multi-sensorial and self-correcting materials. These characteristics are broadly in line with research on learning and development in young children. However, there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of the Montessori method in the scientific literature. In this thesis, we measured the linguistic, mathematical, executive and social skills of preschoolers and kindergarteners from a public school in which children were randomly assigned to classrooms in which the Montessori method was implemented or to classrooms in which a conventional teaching was used. We followed children from the first year of preschool to kindergarten (longitudinal study) and compared the performance of children at the end of kindergarten (cross-sectional study). We also developed a scale to evaluate the quality of implementation of the Montessori method in the school, located in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Our results do not show any difference between groups in terms of mathematical, executive and social skills. However, children from Montessori classrooms had better reading performance than children from conventional classrooms at the end of kindergarten. Therefore, the Montessori method appears to be well suited for developing reading skills of young children

This diploma thesis deals with a school assessment. It is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical one. In the theoretical part, first of all, the Montessori pedagogy and its principles like a freedom of children, beforehand prepaired surroundings or principals of the age heterogeneity are clarified. Further on the didactical material, used in those types of schools, is discussed. The last part of this chapter deals with the position of teachers and adults at school. Next there is a chapter about the assessment. It circumscribes the definition, functions and types of the assessment used in schools. Last, but not least, the forms of the assessment, which means classification by marking or a word evaluation. The second part is the practical one. It is aimed at finding the difference between the way of assessment in two types of primary schools, which means the Montessori primary school and an ordinary primary school and also at finding out, which types of assessment, concerned by the theoretical part, are used the most during lessons. For the research the method of observation and in-depth conversations with the teachers, at whose lessons the sitting in on a classes took place, were used. The outcome of this work was that both types of primary schools use different types of...

The diploma thesis describes the role of Montessori schools in a small town. In large cities, the range of educational opportunities is more varied; in a small town, Montessori schools are often the only alternative to regular primary schools. For the purpose of the research, the qualitative design of the multi-case study was chosen. Two schools participated in the research. Through in-depth interviews with five parents, four teachers and two school founders, initial expectations and their fulfillment were identified from the perspective of all groups of respondents. Parents expect a friendly and safe environment, an individual approach, and respect for the child, a cooperative environment, a stimulating way of teaching, support for the children's internal motivation, freedom and responsibility at the same time. Teachers' expectations consisted in the possibility of applying alternative ways of teaching with regard to the individuality of the pupil, respecting the approach and cooperating team. The founders wanted to create a friendly school based on the principles of Maria Montessori, which will be affordable for ordinary families and will be able to provide quality education to a wide range of children, including those with special needs. The expectations of all three groups of respondents were...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carla.pdf: 3058194 bytes, checksum: 42ae68226414cb76578e98c76da50262 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa, ao nível de Mestrado, objetiva analisar o espaço escolar de uma escola privada e católica de Florianópolis: o Centro Educacional Menino Jesus - CEMJ, fundado em 1955 e dirigido pela congregação das Irmãs Franciscanas de São José, que, a partir de 1973, introduziu o método Montessori, desenvolvido pela médica italiana Maria Montessori no início do século XX, adaptando seus pressupostos ao currículo da escola, confessional e católica. Vinculado ao contexto da Escola Nova, este Método propõe, dentre outras especificidades, um novo desenho espacial para a escola e, especificamente para a sala de aula, adaptando-o as necessidades infantis e tornando-o auto-educativo, ou seja, capaz de produzir a autonomia na criança. Tendo como ferramenta de análise as teorizações dos historiadores espanhóis Agustín Escolano Benito e Antonio Viñao Frago (2001), parto do pressuposto de que o espaço escolar é um mediador cultural em relação à gênese e formação dos primeiros esquemas cognitivos e motores, ou seja, um elemento significativo do currículo, uma ¿fonte de experiência e aprendizagem¿, sendo uma ¿forma silenciosa de ensino¿. (ESCOLANO, 2001, p. 26-27). Assim, a forma como o espaço é projetado e utilizado na sala de aula e em outros ¿lugares¿ da escola, contribui para o engendramento de uma determinada cultura escolar, capaz de produzir subjetividades e identificações bastante particulares. Nesta perspectiva, procuro entender as mudanças provocadas no espaço do colégio pelas modificações em seu encaminhamento metodológico, especificamente com a questão: O que o espaço do CEMJ pretendia/pretende ensinar? Para tal análise, utilizo como fontes básicas documentos, a entrevista com a irmã dirigente, depoimentos da coordenação pedagógica e professores (atuais e aposentados), o currículo da instituição e seus projetos político-pedagógicos, jornais da época, livros administrativos, o filme ¿Maria Montessori ¿ Uma vida dedicada as crianças¿ e, ainda, materiais do curso de formação para professores montessorianos do CEMJ, mais o acervo do Memorial da instituição, (fotografias, jornais da época, materiais e registros pedagógicos e administrativos). A delimitação do recorte temporal vai do ano em que o colégio introduz em seu desenho curricular o método chamado Montessori-Lubienska (1973), até o ano de 2006, por dois motivos: primeiro, porque naquele período no CEMJ (após longo trabalho de fusão interna), o modelo de versão norte-americana é considerado produzindo novas mudanças e, segundo, por coincidir com o momento em que realizo meu estágio de pesquisa na graduação

Denna studie utgår från en tes om framgångsrik undervisning som baseras på Hatties m.fl. (2017) och Grevholms (2012) forskning. Uppsatsen är en jämförande studie som utgår från tre undervisningsmodeller i matematik, traditionell undervisningsmodell, montessorimodellen och singaporemodellen. Fokus är på matematikundervisning i årskurs 1-3, svensk skola. Studien omfattar dels en mindre litteraturstudie, dels en intervjustudie med tre lärare som arbetar enligt de tre modellerna. Jag utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande, undervisning och kunskap. Analyserna baseras på en riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på för och nackdelar med de tre undervisningsmodellerna och hur väl de uppfyller kraven enligt tesen för en framgångsrik undervisning. I resultatet tydliggörs genom lärarnas utsagor problematiken med de olika undervisningsmodellerna. / The proposal in this study define successful teaching from Hattie et al. (2017) and Grevholm (2012) research results. This is a comparative study with three teaching models in mathematics, Traditional model, Montessori model and Singapore model. The focus is on mathematics teaching in primary school, in Sweden.  The study embrace a minor literature study and an interview study with three teachers, who work according the three models in their teaching. I use a socio-cultural perspective on learning, teaching and knowledge. A directed qualitative content analyze is used to analyze both the literature and the interviews.  The results show the pros and cons of the three teaching models, according to the requirements of the proposed ideas of successful teaching. The results of the teachers´ statements clarify and problematize the differences between the three educational models in practice.

The purpose of this essay is to find out if there is a general understanding of what the concept of ”a competent child” is in the writings of Maria Montessori, as well as in books written about Loris Malaguzzi. The essay then compares this with the answers from pre-school teachers in two Montessori and two Reggio Emilia pre-schools about their understanding of what a competent child is, how that shows in their behaviours and attitudes towards the children and in how they use this to arrange the pre-school physical environment. The essay also takes a look at how the teachers work with documentation, how they perceive their chosen pedagogy helps them in their work with the pre-school curriculum and with the requirement that the pre-school teachings should be grounded in the scientific method, and also explores what does the teachers think about their role as a teacher. The essay then tries to analyse why Reggio Emilia has grown to be the predominant pedagogy   in the Swedish pre-schools and why Montessori has not. The investigation is based on qualitative interviews as well as observations made by the author. The study is based on Vygotskijs socio-cultural theory, which could be summarised that we all learn in social relations.   The conclusion of the study is that there is a general understanding about the competent child in the books written by Maria Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi, as well as in the teacher’s answers to interview questions and in their acting in teaching situations. The study could see some differences in the design of the physical environments, theteachers’ views of their roles in their answers about the curriculum and that the pre-school should be based on the scientific method. These answers combined with the authors’ observations, the literature used for reference and the socio-cultural theory written by Vygotskij brings the author to the conclusion that Reggio Emilia could be seen as modern version of Montessori. Reggio Emilia is more up to date with a modern take on the role of teachers in advancing children’s learning and development, and the pedagogy also has the socio-cultural theory as a base for understanding how both adults and children learn. The Reggio Emilia pre-schools visited by the author also work with aesthetic expressions in a way that the pre- schools based in the Montessori pree-schools don´t. Reggio Emilia also ”gave” the Swedish pree-schools a tool for seeing the children, the teacher´s and the pree-school itself. It gave us pedagogic documentation.

In this essay, we have investigated the concept of the “competent child”. Our dilemma is grounded in the fact that we adults have different opinions regarding what a “competent child” is. By this we, Audrey and Nada, mean that the term “competens” means different things depending on the context in which it occurs. Using Montessori pedagogy and Reggio Emilia educational philosophy, we have analyzed how adults view children's “skills”. We have investigated how the concept of the “competent child” can be explained by the concepts of influence and participation. By using two different stories we have highlighted the dilemma we have experienced regarding what a “competent child” is. Throughout our investigation of these stories we have used two different perspectives regarding how adults view children. The first story is about Frank, and raises the issue of how teachers' approach to preschool children can differ. The second story about Erik, looks at how a parent’s stress can negatively affect an everyday situation and result in a conflict with their child. These different approaches and opinions on children's skills can cause conflicts between adults. When such conflicts arise, they become problematic for us educators. With this essay, our goal is to understand why these conflicts occur and the reasons for our different views on what a “competent child” is. We have used the following questions as the starting point for our investigation: What is meant by the term "The competent child"? What is a competent child in practice? How is a child's development and self-image affected by their teachers and parents views of their skills? Our goal is to explore various aspects of how our adult world affects children and the possible consequences our actions can have on them. In this essay we have used the method of writing and reflection over two stories which are taken from our practical experience within preschool and working with children. We have reflected over the dilemma in our stories and pondered over which skills or knowledge are seen as crucial in today's society for children to possess, if they are to be seen as competent. / I denna essä har vi undersökt innebörden av begreppet ”det kompetenta barnet”. Vårt dilemma var att vi vuxna har flera olika synsätt på hur ett ”kompetent barn” är. Med detta menar vi, Audrey och Nada, att begreppet betyder olika saker beroende på i vilket sammanhang det uppträder. Med hjälp av Montessoripedagogik och Reggio Emilias pedagogiska filosofi har vi analyserat vuxnas synsätt på barns ”kompetens”. Vi har också undersökt hur begreppet ”det kompetenta barnet” kan förklaras genom begreppen inflytande och delaktighet. Vi har gestaltat två olika berättelser som belyser de dilemman vi har upplevt omkring hur begreppet ”det kompetent barn” används. Vi har introducerat två olika perspektiv på barnen utifrån vuxnas synsätt. Den första berättelsen om Frank, lyfter pedagogernas synsätt på förskolebarn. Den andra berättelsen om Erik lyfter en förälders synsätt på sitt barn. Det finns flera olika synsätt på barns ”kompetens” som kan orsaka motsättningar mellan vuxna i samhället. När sådana motsättningar uppstår blir det problematiskt för oss pedagoger. Med denna essä försöker vi förstå varför dessa motsättningar uppstår och vilka olika synsätt på det kompetenta barnet som finns. Vi har utgått från följande frågeställningar: Vad innebär begreppet ”Det kompetenta barnet”? Vad innebär ”det kompetenta barnet” i praktiken? Hur påverkas barnens utveckling och självbild av pedagogernas och föräldrarnas syn på kompetens? Vårt mål är att undersöka olika aspekter av hur vår vuxna värld påverkar barnen och de möjliga konsekvenser vårt handlande kan ha. I vår C-uppsats använde vi skrivande och reflektion som metod med utgångspunkt i våra två egna berättelser för att genomföra undersökningen. Vi reflekterade kring vårt dilemma för att kunna fundera över vilken typ av kompetens som har en avgörande betydelse i dagens samhälle om de kunskaper barn besitter för att ses som kompetenta.

of the thesis:: The topic of the thesis are aids for teaching geometry at the primary school. The theoretical part presents the potential benefits of the teaching aids use in connection with the cognitive process of the pupil and the educational aims of geometry. The practical part focuses on the situation in schools, presents aids that are used, and how they are used. It is based on survey focused especially on primary school teachers. A separate chapter is devoted to aids which are used in Montessori schools. It features names of geometry aids and how they are used. In the last thesis part are formulated didactic principles for working with the teaching aids in geometry and two experiments showing possible aids usage. Aids in these experiments fulfill its purposes, which are mentioned in the theoretical part, and therefore their use has been beneficial.