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Teachers tend to think that they can handle students appropriately and objectively. Moreover, teachers think that their trust in students is based on students¡¦ behaviors and is independent on their emotions. However, recent studies have found that emotions or moods may intervene in one¡¦s judgments or decision-making processes. Based on the Affect-as-information Model and the Affect Infusion Model, this study investigated whether the valence of mood among teachers would affect their trust in students in the student misconduct context. Specifically speaking, I conducted an experimental study to examine if teacher trust in students would be enhanced with a positive mood, whereas their trust in students would be lowered with a negative mood. One hundred and fifty-one teachers were recruited to participate in this experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three mood states (positive vs. negative vs. neutral), which was manipulated by the emotional event-recollection technique. After the mood manipulation, participants were asked to rate each of students¡¦ reasons for common misconduct behaviors is trustworthy or not respectively. Results showed that teachers in the induced positive-mood condition exhibited a tendency toward trusting in students¡¦ reasons for misconduct behaviors, whereas those in the induced negative-mood condition revealed an inclination toward mistrusting in these reasons. Besides, differences in the tendency between trust and mistrust were not significant for those teachers in a neutral mood-state. Findings of this research supported the predictions suggesting that moods may impact teacher trust in students.

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This writing covers the process of lighting stylized and realistic scenes in different moods in Unreal Engine. Lighting can be used to express a mood in an environment, which can aid storytelling in films and games. Lighting in Unreal consists of positioning directional lights, sky lights, spot lights, point lights, and rect lights, as well as various fog effects that help create the ambiance of the scene. This project utilizes free Epic Games Pack content to show the lighting process for different moods in several environments. The use of lights and colors are an important part of designing a game environment which conveys moods and allows for playability.

Ytters är skälen till undersökningarna i denna avhandling ekonomiska. Att flyga moderna krisgsflygplan är dyrt. Kan effektiv träning bedrivas intermittent i stället för kontinuerligt? Kan billigare skolflygplan vara ett komplement till krigsflygplan i systemutbildningen? En studie av intermittent flygning på jaktflygplan gjordes i två etapper, först i simulator - del I i avhandlingen - och sedan i luften - del II i avhandlingen. En del av en attackstudie med kompletteringsflygning i skolflygplan är del III.  Studierna hade en experiment-kontrollgrupps-design. I jaktstudien jämfördes avgångna flygförare med aktiv personal. I attackstudien jämfördes aktiva förare vid en experimentdivision med likaledes aktiva förare vid en kontrolldivision. Prestationsvärdering är av avgörande betydelse i undersökningarna. Parallellt med flygförarnas prestation har även deras arbetsbelastning mätts både i simulator och i luften, liksom deras ansträngning, motivation och sinnesstämning. Prognosen från simulator till luften angående förarnas kapacitet och operativa användbarhet kunde förbättras, när hänsyn togs även till andra variabler än prestation. Modeller av flygförares funktion och prestation under flygning kunde konstrueras med utgångspunkt från den utmaning, d v s risk och svårighet, som upplevdes före flygning.

O estudo desenvolvido neste trabalho centraliza-se no EMPREGO DE MODOS E TEMPOS VERBAIS em textos escritos na variedade padrão. Propõe-se, após análise de redações argumentativas de alunos das fases finais do Ensino Médio e verificação de frases malformadas nesses textos, a sistematizar o EMPREGO DOS MODOS VERBAIS, e a CONCORDÂNCIA DE TEMPOS, como forma de construção frástica, por meio da explicitação de regras semântico-sintáticas que orientam tal emprego. É finalidade desta dissertação, ainda, apontar o emprego do Indicativo e do Subjuntivo, bem como o da consecutio temporum, como um relevante conteúdo gramatical para o desenvolvimento da competência discursiva em redações argumentativas, em concordância com o que se espera dos estudantes nessa fase terminal do Ensino. Nesse sentido, ao final do trabalho, sugerem-se atividades didáticas como subsídio para ajudar o professor a evitar erros dessa natureza no desempenho escrito de seus alunos. / The present study focuses on the USE OF VERBAL MOODS AND TENSES in pattern written texts. Its proposal is, after the analysis of argumentative essays written by students on the last grades of High School (Ensino Médio) and the examination of wrongly constructed phrases in those texts, to systematize and orientate THE USE OF VERBAL MOODS AND THE AGREEMENT OF TENSES as a way of constructing phrases, making semantic-synthetic rules explicit. Its also an aim of this dissertation to point out the use of the Indicative and of the Subjunctive, as well as that of the consecutio temporum, as a relevant grammatical topic for the development of essay writing competence in argumentative essays, in accordance with what is expected from students at this final stage of Schooling. In order to achieve these aims, at the end of this study, didactic activities are proposed so as to help the teacher to avoid mistakes of that kind in his students written performance.

O estudo desenvolvido neste trabalho centraliza-se no EMPREGO DE MODOS E TEMPOS VERBAIS em textos escritos na variedade padrão. Propõe-se, após análise de redações argumentativas de alunos das fases finais do Ensino Médio e verificação de frases malformadas nesses textos, a sistematizar o EMPREGO DOS MODOS VERBAIS, e a CONCORDÂNCIA DE TEMPOS, como forma de construção frástica, por meio da explicitação de regras semântico-sintáticas que orientam tal emprego. É finalidade desta dissertação, ainda, apontar o emprego do Indicativo e do Subjuntivo, bem como o da consecutio temporum, como um relevante conteúdo gramatical para o desenvolvimento da competência discursiva em redações argumentativas, em concordância com o que se espera dos estudantes nessa fase terminal do Ensino. Nesse sentido, ao final do trabalho, sugerem-se atividades didáticas como subsídio para ajudar o professor a evitar erros dessa natureza no desempenho escrito de seus alunos. / The present study focuses on the USE OF VERBAL MOODS AND TENSES in pattern written texts. Its proposal is, after the analysis of argumentative essays written by students on the last grades of High School (Ensino Médio) and the examination of wrongly constructed phrases in those texts, to systematize and orientate THE USE OF VERBAL MOODS AND THE AGREEMENT OF TENSES as a way of constructing phrases, making semantic-synthetic rules explicit. Its also an aim of this dissertation to point out the use of the Indicative and of the Subjunctive, as well as that of the consecutio temporum, as a relevant grammatical topic for the development of essay writing competence in argumentative essays, in accordance with what is expected from students at this final stage of Schooling. In order to achieve these aims, at the end of this study, didactic activities are proposed so as to help the teacher to avoid mistakes of that kind in his students written performance.

The aim with this research is to improve and apply vocal tools in duo performance with a pianist, and to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be an expressive vocalist. To answer this, the study has following research questions:  What tools are needed to become a more expressive vocalist?How can those vocal expressions be applied in collaboration with a pianist? How can such collaboration improve our joint expression in duo performance?  The result chapter presents the process of improving the vocal expressive tools through imitation, dividing expressive tools into mood and/ or feeling enhancing tools, and planning of vocal expressive tools. It is further developed with collaborative interpretations of three songs, Smile (Chaplin, 1936), A Case of You (Mitchell, 1971), and I Shall Be Released (Dylan, 1968), in order to apply the expressive tools and study the joint expressions. By using stimulated recall and open coding, the collaborative interpretations were studied to reflect over the progress.  The study concludes that awareness of how to apply expressive tools contributes to being able to express the intended expression without feeling it. In addition to being able to control one's vocal techniques it is useful for an expressive vocalist to contain aspects such as facial expressions, body movements, visible interaction between co-musician(s) and visible interaction between performer and perceiver. By becoming aware of what tools one uses where, and why one uses them, it develops the understanding of how the tools can be used to enhance the individual and joint expression in duo performance.  For the pianist's perspective on the collaborative outcome, read her study in Mellberg (2022).

Cette thèse propose une approche explicative de la « concordance des temps » en espagnol médiéval grâce à l'apport de la théorie des modes développée par Gilles Luquet. Nous avons tout d'abord synthétisé les apports des grammaires et des linguistes sur ce phénomène syntaxique. Mais la controverse toujours en vigueur sur l'existence d'une règle – la « new rule » de Jerzy Kowal date de 2007 –, ses contradictions et ses insuffisances (exemples « non concordants ») sont autant de facteurs qui nécessitent de repenser les paramètres qui conditionnent véritablement le choix des formes verbales. Les exemples, issus de corpus informatisés, ont été classés selon la terminologie traditionnelle entre subordonnées substantives, adjectives et adverbiales. Nous avons cherché à déterminer les raisons qui sous-tendaient l'alternance, l'émergence ou la disparition de certaines formes verbales. L'analyse des variations – diachroniques, diaphasiques, diastratiques et diatopiques – est également au cœur de cette étude. L'approche quantitative a pour objectif de déterminer la représentativité des occurrences et la fiabilité des évolutions constatées.Il ressort de cette étude que le locuteur médiéval n'était pas plus contraint à une « concordance des temps » fondée sur un accord mécanique que le locuteur d'aujourd'hui. Il pouvait au contraire (in)actualiser les éléments de son discours en fonction de sa visée discursive. / This thesis provides an explicative case study method to explore the "sequence of tenses" in Old Spanish thanks to the theory of moods developed by Gilles Luquet.We first examined the contributions of grammars and linguists on this syntactic phenomenon. Nevertheless, the ongoing controversy on the existence of a rule – the 2007 "new rule" proposed by Jerzy Kowal –, its contradictions and weaknesses ("violations") are all factors that make it essential to rethink the criteria that determine verbal forms. The collected data, drawn from linguistic databases, were classified according to the traditional terminology of embedded clauses : substantive, adjective and adverbial clauses. We attempted to determine the factors underlying the alternation, the emergence or disappearance of certain verbal forms. Variations – diachronic, diaphasic, diastratic and diatopic variations – were also analyzed. Statistics were used to fix the magnitude of the patterns and to guarantee the reliability of the observed evolutions.This study reveals that the medieval speaker wasn't more governed by a ''sequence of tenses'' based on mechanical congruence than the actual speaker. On the contrary, the speaker himself was able to (in)actualize parts of his speech in function of specific communicative purpose.

A film can attract all kinds of emotions and moods of the audience through its audiovisual communications and cinematic expression, in which music plays a significant role in both understanding and interpretation of film content. It is interesting to explore the musical significance and the emotional aspect of the film out of a media and communications perspective and visual communications perspective because it’s a subject that belongs to the communications of scientific discipline as film is a media text which is working both as communicative and as audio-visual medium with its expressive aspects. The purpose of this bachelor’s paper is to increase and deepen the understanding of music's function and significant role in context with its reinforcing sense of visual expression in film. More specifically, it aims to explore the musical value of the expressive aspect of the media text in form of film musical Les Misérables (2012), which has been transmedialised from the novel of the same name, referring to the sound, music and song in relation to the film's visual expression. The research questions are at the core of the essay study: "how is music used to reinforce the cinematic visual expression?" and "how can music signify the narrative and highlight the emotional aspect of the film?" The theoretical framework is based on some of the key scholars assumptions such as Michel Chion (1994) and Claudia Gorbman (1987), who share the same theoretical views that the soundtrack seems powerful when it expresses its participation in a scene’s emotional moods as the music follows the scene’s rhythm, the image’s flow and contributes emotional and musical codes of emotions and expressions. According to Chion sound and image interact together to tell a story where sound enrich the image with expressive and informative values. Other important researchers in the field and their theoretical frameworks are included in the theory chapter. As in whole, aspects of musical communication and sound emotionalisation are seen by the previous research as a form of expression, where visual communication in the film is considered as important as the aural and musical for the narrative storytelling, and where the musical aspect with the interaction of the cinematic visual expression highlights the characters emotions and moods. The results of the empirical work is presented in about twenty pages qualitative content analysis together with its analytical perspectives that focus on the close reading of the narrative, visual and musical elements and their abstract narratives (emotional moods) in the media text’s seven selected film–song sequences. In performing of the analysis and interpretation of the media text content, the regard was taken to these before mentioned elements to answer the research questions and emphasize the purpose of the study as relevant as possible. The conclusion is based on the empirical work analysis and results, and the scholars previous theoretical assumptions in connection with my observations. Keywords:  musical  film  les miserables  soundtrack  emotions  moods narrative audio           visual expression  communication musicology / En film kan locka fram alla slags känslor och stämningar hos publiken genom sin audiovisuella kommunikation och filmiska uttryck, där musiken har en betydande roll i både förståelsen och tolkningen av filmmediet.        Det är intressant att utforska den musikaliska gestaltningen och den känslomässiga aspekten i film utifrån ett medie- och kommunikationsperspektiv samt visuell kommunikationsperspektiv därför att det är ett ämne som hör till den kommunikationsvetenskapliga disciplinen eftersom film är en medietext, som fungerar både som ett kommunikativt och ett audiovisuellt medium med uttrycksmässiga aspekter. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att är att öka och fördjupa förståelsen för musikens funktion och gestaltning i sammanhang med dess förstärkande känsla i visuell gestaltning i film. Mer konkret är syftet att utforska det musikaliska värdet i den uttrycksmässiga aspekten i medietexten i form av musikalfilmen Les Misérables (2012), som har transmedialiserats från roman med samma namn, berörande ljud, musik och sång i relation till filmens visuella uttryck. Dem frågeställningar som utgör kärnan för uppsatsens ämne är: ”hur används musik för att förstärka det filmiska visuella uttrycket?” samt ”hur kan musiken gestalta det narrativa och belysa den känslomässiga aspekten i film?”  Det teoretiska ramverket baseras på några av framstående forskares antaganden så som Michel Chion (1994), och Claudia Gorbman (1987) som delar likadana teoretiska uppfattningar och anser att filmmusiken verkar kraftfullt genom att den uttrycker sitt deltagande i en scens känslostämning eftersom musiken följer scenens rytm, bildernas flöde och bidrar med emotionella och musikaliska koder för känslor och uttryck. Enligt Chion verkar ljud och bild i samspel för att tillsammans berätta en historia där ljud berikar bilden med uttrycksfulla och informativa värden. Även andra viktiga forskare inom området och deras teoretiska ramverk tas upp i teori-kapitlet. I sin helhet ses aspekter av musikalisk kommunikation och ljudets emotionalisering av den tidigare forskningen som en form av uttryck, där den visuella kommunikationen i film anses lika viktig som den ljudmässiga och musikaliska för det narrativa historieberättandet och där den musikaliska aspekten i samspel med det filmiska visuella uttrycket belyser rollkaraktärers känslo- och sinnesstämningar. Resultatet av det empiriska arbetet presenterar cirka tjugo sidors kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillsammans med dess textanalytiska perspektiv som fokuserar på närläsningen av dem narrativa, visuella och musikaliska elementen samt dem abstrakta narrativerna (känslomässiga sinnesstämningar) i medietextens sju utvalda film-sångsekvenser. I utförandet av analysen och tolkningen av medietextens innehåll, togs hänsyn till dessa omnämnda element för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna och understryka syftet så relevant som möjligt. Slutsatsen baseras på det empiriska arbetets dataanalys och närläsning samt resultat och forskarnas tidigare teoretiska antaganden i koppling till mina observationer. Nyckelord:  musikalfilm  les miserables  filmmusik  ljudspår  känslor  stämningar  narrativ  audio visuell  uttryck  kommunikation  musikologi