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[pt] Esta tese teve como tema a formação docente sobre as temáticas da educação integral e do tempo integral e como objeto os cursos de especialização em Educação Integral e Integrada, oferecidos por universidades públicas brasileiras, por meio do Programa Mais Educação (PME). O principal objetivo foi a análise dos conhecimentos curriculares que compuseram os cursos de especialização em educação integral e dos sentidos assumidos sobre a docência em escolas de tempo integral. Como objetivos específicos, procurou: (1) compreender o processo de elaboração e desenvolvimento curricular das especializações; (2) analisar as possíveis relações entre os conhecimentos curriculares e os sentidos de docência identificados e (3) identificar e refletir sobre os conhecimentos docentes que possam emergir desta relação. Teoricamente, as análises foram construídas a partir do diálogo com diferentes autores, como Tardif (2013), Nóvoa (1997), Branco (2012), Cavaliere (2007, 2009), Coelho (2002, 2009), Veloso (2009), Silva (2011), Sacristán (2007, 2017), Schulman (2014), entre outros, que ajudaram a compreender melhor os fenômenos pesquisados. Metodologicamente, esta tese se baseia na pesquisa qualitativa (MINAYO, 2004), a fim de conhecer melhor os sentidos e intencionalidades que constituíram os cursos. A partir desta orientação qualitativa, esta pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso coletivo (ALVEZ-MAZZOTTI, 2006; YIN, 2001; ANDRÉ, 2013), em quatro especializações desenvolvidas nas regiões sul, sudeste e centro-oeste. A fim de coletar os dados de pesquisa, foram realizadas: (1) entrevistas semiestruturadas com coordenadores; (2) questionários com professores e (3) pesquisa documental. Diante dos dados coletados, as análises das entrevistas e questionários foram realizadas com base na análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977) e os documentos pedagógicos com base na análise documental (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 2012; OLIVEIRA, 2007). Por fim, na 8 intenção de aprofundar e responder as últimas questões e objetivos desta tese, foi realizada a triangulação de dados (MINAYO et al., 2012; YIN, 2001). Assim, de posse dessas diferentes escolhas e dos caminhos trilhados a partir delas, esta pesquisa evidenciou como resultado a existência de diferentes conhecimentos curriculares e visões de docência nos cursos pesquisados. Os mesmos foram organizados em diferentes categorias e subcategorias; que ora se apresentaram distantes dos temas das especializações e ora se aproximaram desses temas, indicando a existência de conhecimentos e docências específicos às escolas de tempo integral. Em sua conclusão, evidenciou que, se por um lado esses cursos apresentaram diferentes problemáticas e desafios relacionados ao PME e a estrutura das universidades e suas capacidades para atender a essa demanda do MEC; por outro representaram experiências interessantes e relevantes para a análise sobre os conhecimentos docentes (SHULMAN, 2014) e os processos de profissionalização docente (NÓVOA, 2016; TARDIF, 2013) desenvolvidos por meio da formação de professores para, com e nas escolas de tempo integral. / [en] This thesis had as its theme the teacher education on the themes of integral and full-time education and as object the specialization courses in Integral and Integrated Education, offered by Brazilian public universities, through Programa Mais Educação (PME). The aim was the analysis of the curricular knowledge that composed the courses of specialization in integral education and of the senses assumed on the teaching in full-time schools. As objectives, it seeks to: (1) understand the process of curriculum development and development of specializations; (2) to analyze the possible relationships between curricular knowledge and the teaching senses identified and (3) to identify and reflect on the teaching knowledge that may emerge from this relationº Theoretically, the analyzes were constructed from the dialogue with different authors, such as Tardif (2013), Nóvoa (1997), Branco (2012), Cavaliere (2007, 2009), Coelho (2002, 2009), Veloso (2009), Silva (2011), Sacristán (2007, 2017), Schulman (2014), among others, that helped to better understand the phenomena researched. Methodologically, this thesis is based on qualitative research (MINAYO, 2004), in order to better understand the meanings and intentionalities that constituted the courses. From this qualitative orientation, this research carried out a collective case study (ALVEZ-MAZZOTTI, 2006; YIN, 2001; ANDRÉ, 2013), in four specializations developed in the south, southeast and center-west regions. In order to collect the research data, we performed: (1) semi-structured interviews with coordinators; (2) questionnaires with teachers and (3) documentary research. According to the data collected, interviews and questionnaires were analyzed based on content analysis (BARDIN 1977) and pedagogical documents based on documentary analysis (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 2012; OLIVEIRA, 2007). Finally, in order to deepen and answer the last questions and objectives of this thesis, the triangulation of data was done (MINAYO et al., 2012; YIN, 2001). Thus, having these different choices and the paths taken from them, this research evidenced as a result the existence of different curricular knowledge and visions of teaching in the courses studied. They were organized into different categories and subcategories; who now presented themselves far from the themes of specializations and now approached these themes, indicating the existence of specific knowledge and teaching to full-time schools. In its conclusion, it shows that if, on the one hand, these courses presented different problems and challenges related to the PME and the structure of the universities and their capacities to meet this demand of the MEC; on the other, they represented interesting and relevant experiences for the analysis of teachers knowledge (SHULMAN, 2014) and the processes of teacher professionalization (NÓVOA, 2016; TARDIF, 2013) developed through teacher training for, with and in full-time schools.

Through human over-exploitation of nature, more and more ocean species approach ecological tipping points. On the other hand, more and more people suffer from climate anxiety. This thesis study explored an alternative relationship between humans and marine seaweed species through design research. Situated in posthumanist design, affirmative ethics, and kinship relations, the study experimented with non-exploitative human-seaweed encounters to stimulate reflection on the predominant perception of ocean species as resources for human use. By drifting through five design experiments, the study first investigated the current human- seaweed relationship at Ribersborg beach in Malmö and then invited participants to encounter seaweed from different perspectives in several interactive workshops. As the research study swayed through several threads of theory and practice, it found a prevalent distant stance towards seaweed. While participants who engaged in attentive interaction with seaweed showed an increased curiosity for the often- overlooked species group, the study found that an interdependency between humans and seaweed was either not perceived or negatively associated. Designerly speculation led to a performance of kinship rituals to encounter this vulnerability, which allowed room for reflection on current and future ways of being with seaweed in non-exploitative ways. The trialed practices of affirmative ethics involved human participants in coming up with these practices, which is of meaning in the further search for restoring the human relationship to nature through design.

Enhancing performance of power electronics converters has always been an interesting topic in the power electronics community. Over the years, researchers and engineers are developing new high performance component, novel converter topologies, smart control methods and optimal design procedures to improve the efficiency, power density, reliability and reducing the cost. Besides pursuing high performance, researchers and engineers are striving to modularize the power electronics converters, which provides redundancy, flexibility and standardization to the end users. The trend of modularization has been seen in photovoltaic inverters, telecommunication power supplies, and recently, HVDC applications. A systematic optimal design approach for modular power converters is developed in this dissertation. The converters are developed for aerospace applications where there are stringent requirement on converter form factor, loss dissipation, thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance. This work proposed an optimal design approach to maximize the nominal power of the power converters considering all the constraints, which fully reveals the power processing potential. Specifically, this work studied three-phase active front-end converter, three-phase isolated ac/dc converter and inverter. The key models (with special attention paid to semiconductor switching loss model), detailed design procedures and key design considerations are elaborated. With the proposed design framework, influence of key design variables, e.g. converter topology, switching frequency, etc. is thoroughly studied. Besides optimal design procedure, control issues in paralleling modular converters are discussed. A master-slave control architecture is used. The slave controllers not only follow the command broadcasted by the master controller, but also synchronize the high frequency clock to the master controller. The control architecture eliminates the communication between the slave controllers but keeps paralleled modules well synchronized, enabling a fully modularized design. Furthermore, the implementation issues of modularity are discussed. Although modularizing converters under form factor constraints adds flexibility to the system, it limits the design space by forbidding oversized components. This work studies the influence of the form factor by exploring the maximal nominal power of a double-sized converter module and comparing it with that of two paralleled modules. The tradeoff between modularity and performance is revealed by this study. Another implementation issue is related to EMI. Scaling up system capacity by paralleling converter modules induces EMI issues in both signal level and system level. This work investigates the mechanisms and provides solutions to the EMI problems. / Ph. D. / As penetration of power electronics technologies in electric power delivery keeps increasing, performance of power electronics converters becomes a key factor in energy delivery efficacy and sustainability. Enhancing performance of power electronics converters reduces footprint, energy waste and delivery cost, and ultimately, promoting a sustainable energy use. Over the years, researchers and engineers are developing new technologies, including high performance component, novel converter topologies, smart control methods and optimal design procedures to improve the efficiency, power density, reliability and reducing the cost of power electronics converters. Besides pursuing high performance, researchers and engineers are striving to modularize the power electronics converters, enabling power electronics converters to be used in a “plug-and-play” fashion. Modularization provides redundancy, flexibility and standardization to the end users. The trend of modularization has been seen in applications that process electric power from several Watts to Megawatts. This dissertation discusses the design framework for incorporating modularization into existing converter design procedure, synergically achieving performance optimization and modularity. A systematic optimal design approach for modular power converters is developed in this dissertation. The converters are developed for aerospace applications where there is stringent v requirement on converter dimensions, loss dissipation, and thermal management. Besides, to ensure stable operation of the onboard power system, filters comprising of inductors and capacitors are necessary to reduce the electromagnetic interference (EMI). Owning to the considerable weight and size of the inductors and capacitors, filter design is one of the key component in converter design. This work proposed an optimal design approach that synergically optimizes performance and promotes modularity while complying with the entire aerospace requirement. Specifically, this work studied three-phase active front-end converter, three-phase isolated ac/dc converter and three-phase inverter. The key models, detailed design procedures and key design considerations are elaborated. Experimental results validate the design framework and key models, and demonstrates cutting-edge converter performance. To enable a fully modularized design, control of modular converters, with focus on synchronizing the modular converters, is discussed. This work proposed a communication structure that minimizes communication resources and achieves seamless synchronization among multiple modular converters that operate in parallel. The communication scheme is demonstrated by experiments. Besides, the implementation issues of modularity are discussed. Although modularizing converters under form factor constraints adds flexibility to the system, it limits the design space by forbidding oversized components. This work studies the impact of modularity by comparing performance of a double-sized converter module with two paralleled modules. The tradeoff between modularity and performance is revealed by this study.

Människans relation till natur är problematisk och leder till en alltmer separerad tillvaro från natur och mekanisk syn på andra-än-människor. Studien befinner sig i fältet Design för framtiden i den antropocena tidsåldern och använder sig av design för att uppmärksamma människans relation till natur och sten genom Spekulativ och Posthumanist Design. Resultatet är en Provotype och utställning som belyser problematiken i människans relation till natur och sten genom att spekulera i ett framtidsscenario som tagits fram av forskare inom biologisk mångfald och relaterande forskningsområden. Genom explorativa metoder utforskas ämnet människa och natur. Teori som behandlar Posthumanist Design, Natureculture och Ontologi och människans relation till de mer-än-mänskliga leder studien i en utforskning om hur Spekulativ Design kan besvara frågeställningen om att uppmärksamma människans problematiska relation till natur. / The human relationship with nature is problematic and leads to an increasingly separated existence from nature and a mechanistic view of non-humans. The study is situated in the field of Design for the Future in the Anthropocene and utilizes design to raise awareness on the human relationship with nature and stone through Speculative and Posthumanist Design. The result is a Provtotype and exhibition highlighting the issues in the human relationship with nature and stone by speculating on a future scenario developed by researchers in biodiversity and related research areas. Through exploratory methods, the subject of human and nature is explored. Theory addressing Posthumanist Design, Natureculture, and Ontology, and the human relationship with the more-than-humans, guide the study in an exploration of how Speculative Design can address the question of raising awareness of the problematic human relationship with nature.

La transition de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne a débuté tardivement et ses caractéristiques diffèrent des autres régions du monde à l’instar de l’Asie et de l’Amérique Latine, d’où le qualificatif de « African exceptionalism » qui a été avancé par Caldwell et collègues et bien d’autres auteurs. Selon les estimations des Nations Unies, l’indice synthétique de fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne est passé de 6,3 en 1990 à 4,6 enfants par femme en 2021. Sa population est estimée à 1,15 milliard en 2022, passera à 2,09 milliards en 2050 puis à 3,44 milliards en 2100. L’Afrique subsaharienne serait considérée comme la locomotive de la croissance démographique mondiale selon les projections de population des Nations Unies. Beaucoup d’études s’accordent à dire que cette forte fécondité est motivée en grande partie par une forte préférence pour les familles nombreuses. Comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les préférences de fécondité est d’une importance capitale pour anticiper la demande potentielle en matière de planification familiale, évaluer les disparités de fécondité entre les pays et les régions, et anticiper les tendances futures en matière de fécondité. Dans le même temps, une large proportion de femmes en Afrique subsaharienne participe activement au marché du travail, soit 62,2 % contre 47,4 % au niveau mondial et variant de 18,2 % au Djibouti à 83,7 % à Madagascar en 2022. L’emploi est au cœur des politiques de développement et est considéré comme un catalyseur des changements de comportements en matière de reproduction. Cette thèse examine la nature des liens entre l’emploi et la fécondité, spécifiquement le désir d’enfant additionnel, afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique de la transition de la fécondité en milieu urbain. Trois articles sont élaborés en vue d’apporter des éclaircissements sur des aspects moins étudiés de cette thématique en Afrique subsaharienne. Le premier article examine comment la relation entre l'emploi des femmes et leur désir de fécondité évolue dans le temps. L’article utilise 30 enquêtes démographiques et de santé issues du milieu urbain de 15 pays qui ont au moins deux enquêtes dont la première se situe autour de l’année 1990 et la seconde après 2010. Les résultats descriptifs suggèrent qu’une baisse du désir d’enfant additionnel est observée dans neuf pays sur 15 parmi les femmes en union allant de 0,05 % au Ghana à 0,53 % en Zambie en moyenne annuelle alors que sur la même période, le taux d’emploi des femmes a augmenté dans 12 pays sur 15, variant de 0,8 % en Tanzanie à 9,8 % au Malawi. Globalement, cette étude ne trouve pas de preuve convaincante de l’effet de l’emploi des femmes sur le désir d’enfant additionnel d’enfants en milieu urbain africain, avec peu de résultats significatifs, malgré des raisons assez fortes de s'attendre à des relations claires. Le deuxième article évalue dans quelle mesure l’effet de l’emploi de la femme sur le désir d’enfant additionnel varie selon le type d’emploi du conjoint. Le type d’emploi du conjoint, souvent non pris en compte dans les études, est susceptible de modifier la relation entre l’emploi de la femme et son désir de fécondité. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons les récentes données des enquêtes démographiques et de santé du milieu urbain de 33 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Les résultats des analyses multivariées de cette étude soulignent qu’il n’existe pas un effet clair et généralisé de l’emploi des femmes sur le désir d’enfant additionnel. Cependant, certaines particularités se dégagent. Dans un premier temps, l’emploi rémunéré de la femme en dehors de l’agriculture est, d’une part, négativement associé au désir d’enfant additionnel au Burundi, en Tanzanie, au Zimbabwe, et au Tchad, et d’autre part, positivement associé au désir d’enfant additionnel en Côte d’Ivoire, au Nigéria et en Sierra Léone. Dans un second temps, un effet systématique de l’emploi salarié des femmes sur le désir additionnel d’enfant n’émerge pas pour chaque type d’emploi du partenaire. Cela suppose qu’il n’existerait pas d’effet d’interaction entre l’emploi de la femme et l’emploi de l’homme. Par ailleurs, l’effet de l’emploi de la femme sur le désir d’enfant additionnel serait plus élevé que celui de l’emploi de l’homme. Le troisième article examine quant à lui le lien entre la perception des mauvaises conditions économiques dans le contexte de résidence et le désir d’enfant additionnel dans le contexte urbain du Bénin. Nous testons l’hypothèse qu’une perception négative va avoir un effet négatif sur le désir d’enfant additionnel. Pour ce faire, nous combinons, à partir des informations géospatiales détaillées des ménages (coordonnées géographiques), les données de l’enquête démographique et de santé 2017-18 du Bénin et les données Afrobaromètre de 2016 sur les enquêtes d’opinion. Les données de l’Afrobaromètre permettent de mesurer la perception des conditions économiques. Nous limitons une fois encore les analyses au milieu urbain du Bénin. Les résultats des analyses suggèrent que les femmes qui résident dans des contextes dans lesquels les perceptions des conditions économiques sont fortement négatives sont plus susceptibles de désirer un enfant additionnel. Par contre, cette association est modérée par le niveau d’éducation des femmes. Les femmes qui ont un niveau d’éducation secondaire et plus sont susceptibles de moins désirer une prochaine naissance que leurs homologues qui n'ont pas atteint le niveau d’éducation secondaire lorsqu’elles résident dans des contextes dans lesquels l’incertitude économique est élevée. La tendance s’inverse lorsque l’incertitude économique est basse. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la dichotomie entre l’emploi des femmes et leur désir d’enfant additionnel en milieu urbain africain. Elle suscite deux questionnements que nous n’avons pas pu totalement discerner et qui pourront faire l’objet de futurs travaux. En premier lieu, la faible relation ou l’inexistence de relation entre l’emploi des femmes et le désir d’enfant additionnel exprime une réalité sociologique et économique. D’un côté, l’emploi dans ces milieux n’est pas transformateur de genre pour permettre aux femmes de décider librement, de l’autre, l’emploi demeure dans le secteur informel qui permet de le concilier plus facilement avec la fécondité. En second lieu, il se peut que les données EDS ne permettent pas de mieux cerner les nuances dans la mesure de l’emploi des femmes et des hommes. Il y manque par exemple, le nombre d’heures travaillé pour mesurer l’intensité du travail, la formalisation (contrat de travail, registre comptable, bulletin de paie) pour identifier efficacement les emplois formels et informels, le revenu de l’emploi, le lieu de travail, le travail domestique et de soins ou la pluriactivité. Nous espérons néanmoins que les résultats de cette thèse vont servir à susciter le débat sur l’emploi des femmes en Afrique. / The fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa began later and has different characteristics compared to countries in other regions, such as Asia and Latin America. This has led to the term 'African exceptionalism' as proposed by Caldwell and colleagues and other authors. According to United Nations estimates, the total fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa decreased from 6.3 in 1990 to 4.6 children per woman in 2021. The population of the region is projected to reach 1.15 billion in 2022, 2.09 billion in 2050, and 3.44 billion in 2100. Sub-Saharan Africa is the driving force of global population growth. Many studies agree that this high fertility rate is primarily motivated by a strong preference for large families. Understanding the factors influencing fertility preferences is important for anticipating potential demand for family planning, understanding fertility gaps between countries and regions, and anticipating future fertility trends. At the same time, a large proportion of women in sub-Saharan Africa actively participate in the labor market, with 62.2% compared to the global average of 47.4%, ranging from 18.2% in Djibouti to 83.7% in Madagascar in 2022. Employment is central to development policies and a catalyst for changes in reproductive behavior. This thesis examines the nature of the links between employment and fertility, specifically the desire for additional children, to better understand the dynamics of the fertility transition in urban areas. Three articles are developed to shed light on less studied aspects of this topic in sub-Saharan Africa. The first article examines how the relationship between women's employment and their fertility desire changes over time. It uses 30 demographic and health surveys from urban areas in 15 countries, with the first survey around 1990 and the second after 2010. Descriptive results suggest a decline in the desire for additional children among married women in nine out of 15 countries, ranging from 0.05% per year in Ghana to 0.53% in Zambia. In comparison, the employment rate for women increased in 12 out of 15 countries, varying from 0.8% in Tanzania to 9.8% in Malawi. Overall, the study finds no convincing evidence of a changing effect of women's employment on the desire for additional children in urban Africa, with few significant results despite solid reasons to expect clear relationships. The second article assesses how the effect of women's employment on the desire for additional children varies depending on the husband's type of employment. The type of employment of the husband, often overlooked in studies, can influence the relationship between women's employment and their fertility desire. For this purpose, we use recent data from demographic and health surveys from urban areas in 33 sub-Saharan African countries. The results of the multivariate analyses in this study emphasize that there is no apparent and generalized effect of women's employment on the desire for additional children. However, some specific patterns emerge. Firstly, women's paid employment outside of agriculture is negatively associated with the desire for additional children in Burundi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Chad but positively associated in Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Secondly, there is no systematic effect of women's salaried employment on the desire for additional children for each type of partner's employment. This result suggests that there is no interaction effect between women's and men's employment. Moreover, the impact of women's employment on the desire for additional children is higher than that of men's employment. The third article explores the relationship between perceived poor economic conditions and the desire for more children in urban Benin in western sub-Saharan Africa. We test the hypothesis that a negative perception will negatively affect the desire for additional children. To do this, we combine detailed household geospatial information (geographic coordinates) from the 2016 Afrobarometer opinion survey data with the 2017-18 Benin Demographic and Health Survey data. The results suggest that women who live in contexts where perceptions of economic conditions are strongly negative are likely to desire a child. This association is, moreover, moderated by women's level of education. Women with secondary education or higher are less likely to desire their next pregnancy compared to those who have not completed secondary education when residing in contexts with high economic uncertainty. However, this tendency is reversed when economic uncertainty is low. This thesis highlights the dichotomy between women's employment and their desire for additional children in African urban settings. It raises two questions that we have not fully answered and which may be the subject of future research. Firstly, the weak or non-existent relationship between women's employment and the desire for additional children reflects a sociological and economic reality. On the one hand, employment in these settings is not gender-transformative enough to allow women to make decisions freely; on the other hand, employment remains mainly in the informal sector, which makes it easier to reconcile with fertility. Secondly, it is possible that DHS data do not allow for a better understanding of nuances in measuring women's and men's employment. For example, it lacks the hours worked to measure work intensity and formalization (employment contract, accounting records, payslip) to effectively identify formal and informal jobs, employment income, work location, domestic and care work, or multiple job holding. Nevertheless, we hope this thesis's results will contribute to stimulating debate on women's employment in Africa.

Wir bauen das verallgemeinerte diskrete Modell des zu Grunde liegenden Aktienpreisprozesses, der als eine bessere Annäherung an den Aktienpreisprozess dient als der klassische zufällige Spaziergang. Das verallgemeinerte Multinomial-Modell des Option-Preises in Bezug auf das neue Modell des Aktienpreisprozesses wird erhalten. Das entsprechende asymptotische Verfahren erlaubt, die verallgemeinerte Black-Scholes Formel zu erhalten, die die Formel als einen Begrenzungsfall des verallgemeinerten diskreten Option-Preis Modells bewertet.

Una performance teatrale è un meccanismo complesso che viaggia attraverso molte variabili. L'approccio della lettura dell'evento performativo come nodo d'incontro e scambio di diversi agenti e aspetti è stato inoltre presentato dall'International Federation for Theater Research (IFTR) nella pubblicazione Theatrical Events. Borders, Dynamics, Frames. La tesi dottorale, in accordo con tale lettura, presenta tre case-study: Motus, Punchdrunk e Robert Wilson. I tre esempi sono qui analizzati nella loro totalità di opere d'arte, fenomeni culturali e meccanismi organizzativi, evidenziandone peculiarità, similitudini e differenze. Di ognuno sono stati valutati il processo creativo, le strategie di produzione, la relazione con la stampa e/o i mezzi di diffusione, le collaborazioni con la comunità artistica, la relazione con il pubblico. La ricerca è stata portata avanti coordinando diverse metodologie: la preferenza è stata data alle fonti primarie e al lavoro di campo nell'area di New York - interviste, fotografie, raccolta di dati e materiale iconografico. Sono stati poi consultati gli archivi della New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, della Byrd Hoffmann Foundation e del The Watermill Center. Il secondo capitolo si avvale inoltre della preziosa collaborazione sul campo dei ricercatori del gruppo ISPOCC (Initiative for the Study and Practice of Organized Creativity and Culture) della Columbia University Business School / A performance is a dynamic system that involves many variables. The importance of theatre performances as aesthetic-communicative encounters of a wide range of agents and aspects has also been stressed by IFTR, through the working group "Theatrical events" and its publication Theatrical Events. Borders, Dynamics, Frames. In accordance with the IFTR approach, the dissertation presents three case-study: Motus, Punchdrunk and Robert Wilson. The three international artists and companies are studied here as a crossroad of interactions among art, marketing, and social context, tracing similarities and differences in their theatrical productions. Specifically, the research analyzed four theatrical events: Sleep No More by Punchdrunk, Syrma Antigones project by Motus, The Discovery Watermill Day and The Old Woman by Robert Wilson. The essay is the result of a combined archive and fieldwork research based in New York. The archival materials is from New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Byrd Hoffman Foundation, The Watermill Center, Motus theater company's archive, while the fieldwork collected visual materials such as pictures, sketches, videos as well as interviews and artists notes during the events. Part of the Sleep No More's fieldwork is in collaboration with ISPOCC (Initiative for the Study and Practice of Organized Creativity and Culture) at Columbia University Business School.

In More Electric Aircraft, different power system activities are attributed to electrical means such as the start-up of the main engine. In this context, the study of the sensorless control of the Brushless Synchronous Starter Generator (BSSG) that is used to electrically start the main engine is revealed to be a very interesting issue. For long time, the elimination of the mechanical sensor was highly recommended for reliability, cost, weight, integration issues.Hence, this work aims to transpose the results obtained in the research area to an avionic testbench. It presents an adaptive sensorless technique to use when electrically starting the main engine of the aircraft. This is achieved by elaborating three different methods selected depending on the speed of the machine and based on the :- injection of a high frequency signal- use of the back-emf of the Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG)- use of the extended Kalman Filter EKFIn this work, it is shown that the …first method gives good position estimation results from standstill up to 8% of the rated speed. Then, the back-emfs of the PMG are used to detect the position of the BSSG when the speed exceeds the 8% of the rated speed. Good results are observed with this method at medium and high speed.For redundancy reasons, the EKF was also used in this work. Thus, the estimated position can be delivered via two different estimation algorithms in medium and high speed region.The implementation of the algorithm was achieved on an FPGA board since the latter can ensure a very tiny execution time. The fastness of the treatment ensures quasi-instantaneous position estimation and does not practically introduce any phase lag in the position estimation. / Aujourd'hui, l'aviation est en train de vivre des évolutions technologiques concernant surtout l'attribution de différentes fonctionnalités aux équipements électriques et ceci au détriment d'équipements hydrauliques et mécaniques assurant les mêmes fonctionnalités.Dans le cadre de l'avion plus électrique, le démarrage électrique sans capteurs mécaniques de la turbine de l'avion préoccupe les avionneurs de nos jours. Les problèmes introduits par ce capteur ont été identifiés : problèmes de coût et de poids, problèmes de fiabilité et d'intégration.Ce travail présente alors une commande sans capteurs pour la machine synchrone à trois étages à utiliser durant le démarrage électrique de l'avion. Ceci est réalisé avec trois méthodes de détection de la position selon la vitesse de rotation, basées sur :- l'injection d'un signal à haute fréquence- l'utilisation d'un filtre de Kalman étendu FKE- les fém. du PMG (Permanent Magnet Generator) La première méthode donne de bons résultats d'estimation depuis l'arrêt jusqu'à 8% de la vitesse nominale de la machine. Au-delà de cette vitesse, es valeurs des fém. du PMG deviennent assez élevées pour être utilisées dans l'estimation de la position. De bons résultats sont obtenus à moyenne et haute vitesse.Pour des questions de redondance, le FKE est aussi utilisé. Ainsi, la position estimée peut être fournie par l'un des deux algorithmes à moyenne et haute vitesse.L'implémentation de ces algorithmes est réalisée via une carte FPGA étant donné que celui-ci garantit un temps d'exécution. La rapidité de traitement garantit une estimation de la position quasi-instantanée et donc n'introduit pratiquement pas des retards dans l'estimation.