Increasing understanding of the risk and protective factors for adolescent nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) could inform prevention efforts. Several correlates have been identified, including parental factors, perceptions about use and accessibility, social norms, and age. However, these constructs have rarely been simultaneously examined using paired data from parents and adolescents. We aimed to examine the relative influence of these correlates among dyads (N = 349) of mothers and adolescent daughters. Using multiple logistic regression, daughters’ past NMUPD and inclination for future NMUPD were regressed onto descriptive norms for friend use, perceived drug accessibility and risk of harm from use, daughter age, mothers’ disapproval about use, mothers’ past NMUPD and inclination for future NMUPD, and the mother-daughter relationship quality. Akaike weights and lasso regressions were also estimated to evaluate the relative importance of each correlate. Higher descriptive norms for friend use, older age, and mothers’ inclination for NMUPD were risk factors for daughters’ NMUPD, while a closer mother-daughter relationship and mothers’ disapproving attitudes towards NMUPD were protective factors. The three analysis approaches were corroborative. Results suggest friend descriptive norms, mother-daughter relationship quality, and mothers’ attitudes about NMUPD are important prevention targets.

Existing literature has identified mothers as the primary reproductive educators of their daughters and has determined mother-daughter conversations about reproduction to be an indicator of daughters’ sexual and reproductive behaviors. The overturning of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, had an immediate impact on the reproductive lives of many people, including daughters. Through one-on-one interviews with 10 daughters, this qualitative study identifies three changes in mother-daughter reproductive conversations that were influenced by the overturning of Roe v. Wade: (a) The initiation of conversations, (b) the topics of conversations, and (c) the tone of these conversations. The results of this thesis not only provide initial insight into how daughters felt that their conversations with their mothers about reproductive issues changed in the wake of this monumental event, but also have the potential to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the larger impact of the event itself.

Mother Tongue is an exploration of loneliness as a first language. For the collection's speaker, loneliness is not an abstract emotion, but her first movement, first breath – her mother tongue. Through depictions of childhood and young adulthood, such as the origins of birth in "birth speak" or the mature reflections of "like adults should do," Mother Tongue answers the question — who does a child wrought with loneliness become? Using language to translate the sentiments of the body, the many faces of grief, and the mosaic of memory, the collection traverses the speaker's relationship with her mother as a nurturer of pain in poems like "on an evening walk in mt. vernon," with her father as a witness of his near-death experience in "the night I learn my father's kidneys are failing," and with her brother as a shadow of his mental illnesses in "a conversation with my brother as test." Throughout the collection, poems like "a letter to my father's subconscious" and "what I've learned about absence while studying korean" play with false cognates and the elasticity of sound, while poems like "glimmers" make a connection between the instinct of hunger and the recurrence of loneliness, where the speaker relishes, "in spanish, I can say I have hunger / as if I could give it back." Acting as Mother Tongue's anchor is the "vacation in_____" series, which features the speaker in conversation with a male partner and describes a depth of loneliness unalleviated by presence, ultimately conveying the inability to find satisfaction in another person. From grappling with an inner deadness in "[the dead girl]" to finding hope in "new heaven, new earth," Mother Tongue is a wrestle with language, the self, the past, and God, cementing itself as a journey toward reconciliation, and if possible, being birthed again.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mother-daughter relationship and the feminine principle in the process of individuation are explored in this study. The mother-daughter relationship as the focus of the study is presented as the womb where the stories and experiences are in gestation. In presenting this research as a transpersonal exploration, the principles and practices of transpersonal psychology and transpersonal research are used as the lens through which the process of research is viewed. The study tells the stories of adolescent daughters and their menopausal mothers and their lives as girls and women in transitional life cycles. It also tells the stories of the author's mother and of herself, and offers their shared experiences of being daughters, and remembering that they are also the daughters of daughters, the mothers of whom have passed away a long time ago. The stories are presented in the mode of a narrative inquiry, becoming an exploration in itself. The author looks into the stories of what has been written by those who have mapped the territory of the transpersonal and narrative landscapes in psychology, education, research and psychotherapy. A research collage of the mother-daughter relationship, transitional life cycles, and also of aspects of the feminine and the process of individuation is created. Images of alchemy, archetypes, mythological figures and archetypal goddesses are added to allow this collage to become its own story. The study combines research methods used in transpersonal research and narrative inquiry. Data were gathered by making use of journal writing, mandala drawings, interviews, visual imagery and photographs, collage, writing letters, personal documentation, dreamwork, working with words and personal mythology. Transpersonal principles such as meditation, reflection, mandala drawings, intuitive listening and so forth were applied in working with the data. The researcher also used principles of narrative inquiry to assist in the process of processing the information and finding the stories. The research findings that emerged indicate that a mother and daughter can hold up a mirror to each other in order to see that there are experiences of abandonment and dependency in their relationship; another mother and daughter pair related to each other from a basis of limiting self-experience; and yet another mother and her daughter were seen to have a relationship that contains powerful potential for individuation through the process of growth and transformation. These findings may be relevant to the therapeutic and educational spheres of psychology, in training and in application. This research journey is an adventure that can be seen as symbolically walking the labyrinth, following the circular path towards the centre, and then back again, out into life. This journey is symbolic of the process of individuation as based on the mythology of the serpent Ouroboros that swallows its tail in order to become whole. The process of alchemy in psychology forms the container for this journey into wholeness. Like Theseus, beloved of Ariadne of antiquity, I took the golden thread in hand and stepped into the labyrinth. The journey could begin … / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie verken die moeder-dogter verhouding en die vroulike beginsel in die individuasieproses. Die moeder-dogterverhouding as die fokus van hierdie studie word voorgestel as 'n houer vir die bewaring van belangrike aspekte van die vroulike beginsel. Die modus van transpersoonlike sielkunde en navorsing is gebruik om as 'n lens te dien waardeur hierdie proses ondersoek is. Die narratiewe navorsingsmetode is gebruik om die stories te vertel wat in hierdie studie aangebied word. Hierdie stories gaan oor die navorsingsreis, die reis van dogter-wees en moeder-wees, die reis van vrou-wording en vrou-wees in die oorgangsfases van vroue se lewens. Dit behels stories van adolessensie en die menopouse. Daarnaas geplaas is die stories van my moeder, van myself, en van ons verhouding. In hierdie vertelling oor die moeder skryf ek dit as die dogter van 'n dogter wie se moeder lank reeds oorlede is. Ek onderneem 'n reis deur die landskap van die literatuur en neem daaruit stories van aspekte van vrou-wees, van die vroulike beginsel, asook van transpersoonlike sielkunde en transpersoonlike navorsing. Dit gaan ook oor die narratiewe wyse van ondersoek en die waarde van stories in narratiewe terapie word bespreek. Hierdie navorsingsreis is 'n speurtog; soos in 'n labirint is dit 'n sirkelvormige reis, wat die mitologiese slang, Ouroboros, wat sy eie stert insluk om heel te word weerspieël. Die labirinte van die mitologie en argetipiese vroubeelde en godinne stem tot nadenke oor die sielkundige ervaring van individuasie. In die nadenke is daar, soos met die alchemiste van weleer, 'n soeke die goud in die lood en die bevindinge wat die navorsingsreis oplewer, word bekendgemaak. In hierdie reis is gebruik gemaak van transpersoonlike en narratiewe navorsingsmetodes en beginsels om die inligting te verkry waarmee die stories vertel kon word. Hierdie metodes maak onder meer gebruik van joernaalskryf, mandalas teken, onderhoude, visuele beelde en foto's, collage, briewe, persoonlike dokumente, droomwerk, woorde en woordassosiasie en persoonlike mitologie. Transpersoonlike werkswyses soos meditasie, refleksie, intuitiewe luister, joernaal skrywe en so meer is gekombineer met narratiewe werkswyses om die inligting te verwerk en die stories te ontgin. Die navorsingsbevindinge dui op ervaringe van afhanklikheid en vrese van verlating; van 'n moeder en dogter wat gebuk gaan onder beperkende ervaringe van selfvertwyfeling en die implikasie wat dit het vir hulle vrou-wees; van 'n moeder en haar dogter wat die potensiaal vir die proses van individuasie in hulle verhoudinge met hul vroueliggame vind. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge mag moontlik van belang wees vir sielkundiges en opvoedkundiges wat hulle in hierdie sfere van hulpverlening bevind. Soos Theseus, beminde van Ariadne van ouds, het ek die goue draad ter hand geneem en daarmee die ingang van die labirint betree. Die reis moes begin …

This analysis of Tan's first two novels reveals that her female characters suffer from the strains critics like Amy Ling say result from the double paradox of filling the roles of mother or daughter as minority women in a white, male society. Recognizing this double paradox offers Tan's characters, and her readers, the opportunity to resolve the conflicts between mothers and daughters in The Joy Luck Club. Using the theories of psychologist Kathie Carlson helps readers understand how the protagonist of The Kitchen God's Wife resolves similar conflicts with her daughter and her own mother by seeking support from a mythic mother-figure, a Goddess of her own making.

Le principal objectif de ce mémoire est l’étude de l’inscription de la maternité dans L’empreinte de l’ange, La virevolte et Prodige de Nancy Huston. Les trois romans précités constituent mon corpus de base. Néanmoins, des allusions à d’autres écrits de l’auteure, notamment à Journal de la création, donneront une plus grande profondeur à l’analyse, car on ne peut ni écarter les traces du thème de la maternité dans ses autres textes ni mésestimer l’influence de l’expérience de l’auteure sur son œuvre. Dans la foulée de la réflexion féministe contemporaine sur la maternité et faisant recours, selon le besoin, à la Nouvelle Histoire et à la psychanalyse, pour éclairer le contexte sociohistorique et le non-dit des textes, nous essaierons de dégager la singularité de l’écriture hustonienne en ce qui concerne ses idées sur la maternité. En effet, Nancy Huston s’inscrit dans la lignée d’écrivaines qui ont contribué à redéfinir l’identité féminine dans la fiction contemporaine en esquissant, à travers ses romans et essais, une multiplicité d’expériences féminines, toutes différentes, bien que plus ou moins soumises aux valeurs sociales dont l’auteure mesure la force. Nous abordons notre analyse par une mise en contexte historique, culturelle et éthique de la maternité. En effet, comme le thème de la maternité est omniprésent dans le discours social passé et contemporain, il est intéressent de voir comment Nancy Huston compose avec les stéréotypes traditionnellement attribués à la mère en suivant les enjeux, les conséquences et les variations de la maternité dans les œuvres à l’étude. Suivront à la mise en contexte historique et théorique les chapitres destinés à l’analyse des œuvres. Le deuxième chapitre portera sur L’empreinte de l’ange dévoilant les perplexités qui naissent d’une maternité non désirée et ombragée par les séquelles d’un passé tragique. Le troisième chapitre, consacré à l’analyse de La virevolte, s’articule autour de la tension entre la création et la procréation. Enfin, le quatrième et dernier chapitre aborde la maternité dans Prodige, roman où il est surtout question du lien entre emprise maternelle et construction de l’identité de la fille. À travers cette analyse, nous verrons comment Nancy Huston déconstruit le lieu commun voulant que la mère soit cet être idéalisé, privé de passions professionnelles et de pulsions artistiques, se dédiant uniquement à la protection et aux soins de l’enfant pour représenter plutôt des mères animées par des sentiments contradictoires, des mères qui se positionnent avant tout comme femmes sans inhiber leurs élans, leurs passions ni leurs tourments. / The main purpose of this master’s paper is the study of the theme of maternity in Nancy Huston’s novels L’empreinte de l’ange, La virevolte and Prodige. The three aforesaid novels constitute the basic corpus of our study. Nevertheless, allusions to the other essays by the author, in particular to Journal de la création, will give a major depth to the analysis, because we cannot push aside the traces of the theme of maternity in her other writings nor underestimate the influence of the experience of the author on her work. Influenced by the ideas of the contemporary feminist reflexion to redefine the maternal experience and recurring, according to the needs, to the New History’s and the psychoanalysis’s theories, to enlighten the sociohistorical context and the unspoken of the texts, we shall try to find the peculiarity of Nancy Huston’s writing regarding maternity. In fact, Nancy Huston, by sketching through her novels a multiplicity of feminine experiences more or less influenced by social values, joins the lineage of women writers which have contributed to redefine the feminine identity in contemporary fiction. We approach our analysis by an historical, cultural, and ethical contextualization of the ideas surrounding maternity. As the subject of maternity is present in the past and contemporary social discourse, it is interesting to see how Nancy Huston composes with stereotypes traditionally attributed to mothers by following the consequences and the variations of maternity in her novels. The study of the novels follows this contextualization. The second chapter concerns L’empreinte de l’ange and reveals the perplexities which arise from a maternity that is unwanted and shaded by the after effects of a tragic past. The third chapter, dedicated to the analysis of La virevolte is articulated around the tension between creation and procreation. Finally, the fourth and last chapter studies the theme of maternity in Prodigy, a novel that reveals the link between maternal influence and the construction of the daughter’s identity. Through this entire study, we shall see how Nancy Huston deconstructs the common idea wanting that the mother is an idealized being, deprived of professional passions and artistic drives, dedicated only to the protection and to the care of the child. On the contrary, the author represents mothers animated by contradictory feelings, mothers who position themselves as women without inhibiting their passions nor their agonies.

Dans une société qui assiste à la confusion des territoires du privé et du public, le culte du corps et la valorisation de normes esthétiques féminines semblent littéralement envahir l’espace narratif et magnifier le dualisme entre l’être et le paraître. Il va sans dire que cette nouvelle façon de penser et de concevoir le corps, notamment le corps féminin, a une incidence sur l’écriture des femmes contemporaines. Intimement lié à la construction identitaire du sujet, le corps incarne dans les oeuvres littéraires une nouvelle « féminité » dont le présent mémoire vise à explorer les paramètres littéraires, psychanalytiques et sociologiques. C’est dans le contexte d’une corporalité reconfigurée que l’inscription de la triade corps/identité/féminité dans les textes littéraires de Nelly Arcan et de Marie-Sissi Labrèche sera étudiée par l’analyse d’oeuvres significatives publiées au début de ce troisième millénaire : Putain et À ciel ouvert, d’une part, Borderline et La Brèche, d’autre part. Le corps est au coeur de la quête identitaire des protagonistes présentées dans ces récits. Mais ce corps s’érigeant souvent en obstacle devient le lieu d’une difficile image de soi et contribue à renforcer l’agentivité négative, soit cette incapacité du sujet à tracer son avenir de manière positive, contre laquelle se battent les personnages féminins tout au long de la narration. C’est à ce propos que la position ambivalente des deux auteures est représentative des questions de filiation qui marquent la littérature contemporaine. / In a society in which boundaries between the private and the public are confused, body worship and the prizing of women’s beauty standards seem to pervade fiction and magnify the dualism between being and appearing. The new way of thinking about and conceiving the body, the female body in particular, has certainly had an effect on contemporary women’s writing. Inasmuch as the body is entwined with the formation of the protagonist’s identity, it embodies a new femininity in literary works, of which this master’s thesis strives to explore the literary, psychoanalytical and sociological parameters. In the context of a remapped corporality, this thesis studies the body, identity and femininity in four contemporary novels: Putain and À ciel ouvert by Nelly Arcan, and Borderline and La Brèche by Marie-Sissi Labrèche. Although the body is at the heart of the protagonists’ search for identity, it also often constitutes a hurdle for them, resulting in a bad self-image and reinforcing the protagonists’ negative agency against which all the female characters are struggling. The authors’ ambivalent positions on this matter are representative of the filiation issues characterizing contemporary fiction.

Depuis les Lettres de Madame de Sévigné à sa fille, la pratique épistolaire permet à la mère et à la fille d’entretenir un lien à distance. Outre la valeur communicative à l’origine de ce lien, l’espace de la lettre fait intervenir le moi de l’épistolière dans le mouvement de l’écriture. Cette particularité est propice à l’élaboration d’une image propre aux buts recherchés de la correspondance en adoptant une rhétorique qui crée un effet sur la destinataire incitée à répondre, à prendre position, à construire une image de soi par le biais de l’échange épistolaire. Une forme de littérarité se manifeste dans ce genre de lettres comme nous le démontrons à propos des Lettres à sa fille (1916-1953) de Colette. L’étape de la maternité constitue une fatalité redoutée ou refusée pour certaines femmes qui connaissent un amour tardivement, voire jamais. Colette s’inscrit dans cette lignée de mères atypiques en refusant le rôle maternel pour consacrer sa vie à sa carrière d’écrivaine. Elle entretient néanmoins pendant trente-sept ans une correspondance avec sa fille, Colette de Jouvenel, afin de satisfaire à la représentation sociale voulant que la mère soit religieusement dévouée à son enfant. Mère physiquement absente la plupart du temps, Colette construit un éthos épistolaire qui oscille entre garder sa fille près d’elle grâce aux mots tout en maintenant la distance physique et sentimentale avec celle qui doit trouver sa place dans la correspondance. Colette se défile, mais s’impose aussi par son omniprésence dans l’univers de son enfant en témoignant d’une sévérité propre à sa posture d’auteure. Le déploiement de cette facette de l’écrivaine dans l’échange épistolaire à priori privé est rendu possible en raison du statut générique de la lettre : de fait, l’écriture épistolaire favorise, non seulement un rapport de soi à l’autre, mais également de soi à soi à travers divers effets spéculaires. L’étude de l’éthos maternel nous amène à nous interroger finalement sur l’éthos de la jeune fille contrainte de se construire dans une relation de dépendance avec l’image de la sur-mère. / Since the Letters of Madame de Sévigné to her daughter, the epistolary practice allows the mother and the daughter to maintain a bond from a distance. In addition to the communicative value at the origin of this bond, the space of the letter involves the self of the writer in the writing’s movement. This particularity is conducive to the development of an image which adapts itself to the goals of the correspondence, adopting a rhetoric that creates an effect on the recipient encouraged to respond, to take position, to build a self-image through the epistolary exchange. Literariness is manifested in this kind of letters, as we demonstrate in our study of Lettres à sa fille (1916-1953) from Colette. Motherhood step constitutes a fatality for some women who develop love tardily, if ever. Colette belongs to this line of atypical mothers refusing the maternal role in order to dedicate her life to her career as writer. Nevertheless, she maintains a thirty-seven years correspondence with her daughter, Colette de Jouvenel, to answer this social representation that requires the mother to be religiously devoted to her child. A physically absent mother most of the time, Colette builds an epistolary ethos that oscillates between keeping her daughter beside her through words, while maintaining a physical and a sentimental distance with the one who has to find her place in the correspondence. She slips away, but also imposes herself with her omnipresence in her child's world, demonstrating a severity that derives from her authorial posture. The deployment of this facet of the writer in the epistolary exchange, at first private, is possible because of the letter’s generic status: in fact, epistolary writing promotes a relationship from oneself to the other, but also to oneself through various specular effects. The study of the maternal ethos finally leads us to interrogating the ethos of the young girl forced to build herself in a relationship of dependency with the mother’s image.

Throughout the last three decades, the Arab region has attracted the unwanted attention of the rest of the world because of its spiralling political upheaval. This unrest has caused migration, economic and cultural changes, and eventually a spring of revolutions and protests in demand of reform. Arab countries are now in the spotlight of global current affairs, and all the imperfections regarding their cultural, social, and gender inequalities have surfaced to the foreground. Arab women novelists have been addressing feminist issues for centuries, chipping away at the stereotypical image of the meek and voiceless Arab woman that comes hand in hand with Orientalism. Through their fiction, writers such as Nawal El Saadawi, Hanan Al- Shaykh and Fadia Faqir have promulgated a bold brand of Arab feminist thought. This interdisciplinary thesis explores the Greater Syrian and Egyptian woman's novel written between 1975 and 2007. Through the in-depth analysis of Arab women's novels available in English, I attempt to uncover the many reasons behind today's gender inequality in Greater Syria and Egypt. By examining contemporary Arabic narrative styles and cultivating traditional Arab story-telling methods, the creative element of this thesis uses fiction to expose social and political injustice. The novel within this thesis challenges different forms of patriarchy that are dominant in the region, and endeavours to document a historical, on-going revolution.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isadora Lins Porto Dantas Brunner.pdf: 422863 bytes, checksum: 855112cc6a1317e5edf4ccb4e789859b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-25 / This work deals with the question of the mother-daughter devastation. It intends to go deeper into what comes to be devastation, understood, at first, as the failure of the daughter in acceding to femininity owing to lived obstacles in the relation with her mother. From seeing girls in adolescence, it appeared the idea to investigate such question in a more attentive way. Thus, this research uses a work of the contemporaneous cinema in order to take advantage of the resources of this condenser of livings art. With the purpose of articulating the problematic of devastation to what Freud called civilization and Lacan, discourses , that is, to an economy of the accepted or prescript jouissances of the social bond, this investigation considers aspects related to both the capitalism of production in Freud s time and specially, the late capitalism or current capitalism of consume. It also elaborates questions related to adolescence which, due to its turbulence, is presented as a privileged moment to the devastation occurrence. In conclusion, it develops the idea which, in each woman s trajectory to her own constitution as unique, to identify herself and, at the same time, to get separated from her mother, not finding a signifier that says The Woman, the devastation is presented as a contingence that can become real or not happens. However, when it takes place, it implies a suffering to the subject to whom the clinic can t stay indifferent / Este trabalho trata da questão da devastação mãe-filha. Pocura-se aprofundar o que vem a ser a devastação, entendida, em princípio, como o malogro da filha em aceder à feminilidade devido a obstáculos vividos na relação com a mãe. Foi a partir de atendimentos com meninas na adolescência que surgiu a idéia de investigar tal questão de forma mais atenta. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa vale-se de uma obra do cinema contemporâneo a fim de aproveitar os recursos dessa arte condensadora de vivências. Com o propósito de articular a problemática da devastação com o que Freud chamou de civilização , e Lacan, de discursos , ou seja, a uma economia dos gozos aceitos ou prescritos do laço social, esta investigação considera aspectos relativos tanto ao contexto do capitalismo de produção da época de Freud como, especialmente, ao capitalismo tardio ou capitalismo de consumo da atualidade. Elaboram-se também, questões relacionadas à adolescência que, pela sua turbulência, apresenta-se como um momento privilegiado para a ocorrência da devastação. Como conclusão, desenvolvese a idéia de que, na trajetória de cada mulher constituir-se como única, ao identificar-se e, ao mesmo tempo, ao separar-se de sua mãe, não encontrando um significante que diga A Mulher, a devastação apresenta-se como uma contingência que pode tornar-se real ou não acontecer. Porém, quando se efetiva implica um sofrimento tal para o sujeito ao qual a clínica não pode ficar indiferente