Motivation contributes to increased learning where a number of factors like student participation, interest and relationship between students and teachers play a crucial role. The aim of the study was to examine what makes motivated students feel motivated or unmotivated during physical education class. Furthermore the study describes different factors that students feel are important and how these affect their motivation. Qualitative interviews  with eight students were conducted. Students that we intervjued were very interested and motivated to physical education. The theoretical perspective we used was Organismic Integration Theory. The analysis of the results showed that students were motivated by different factors in physical education class, and the conclusions were that the students motivation effects their participation in substance,  and that a variety of teaching content had great influence on their motivation.

Arbetslivscoachning har etablerat sig på arbetsmarknaden som utvecklingsmetod av medarbetares arbetsprestation. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka coachade medarbetares upplevelser av arbetslivscoachning, i förhållande till autonomi, motivation och utveckling. Respondenterna arbetade på ett kommunalt äldreboende i Stockholmsregionen. Totalt utgjorde tio semistrukturerade medarbetarintervjuer studiens huvudsakliga datamaterial. Dessutom genomfördes en semistrukturerad intervju med medarbetarnas enhetschef, som även coachade medarbetarna. Data analyserades via empiristyrd tematisk analys, med inspiration från innehållsanalys. Studiens teoretiska inramning innefattade Illeris lärmodell, Hackman & Oldhams motivationsmodell, Deci & Ryans självbestämmandeteori samt Locke & Lathams målsättningsteori. Medarbetarna upplevde autonomi inom gruppens målformulering, däremot med begränsad individuell autonomi. Resultatet visade att coachen bör vara autonomifrämjande, för att vara motivations-och utvecklingsfrämjande. Även relationen mellan coach och medarbetare är betydelsefull för att coachningen ska vara motivationsfrämjande, och därigenom utvecklingsfrämjande. Slutligen begränsas medarbetares inre motivation då coachen tillämpat ett styrande tillvägagångssätt somsaknar individanpassning. Avsaknad av individanpassning, samt gruppen kollektiva överenskommelse, bidrar snarare till en yttre motivation som är internaliserad. / Coaching has established itself on the labor market as a method for employee development, in regards to job performance. This study aimed to explore how employees undergoing work life coaching experience the coaching in relation to autonomy, motivation and development. All respondents worked at a communal geriatric care facility in Stockholm. Ten employees and their coach were interviewed, via semi-structured interviews. The coach also worked as the employees’ section director. Data was analysed using thematic analysis, with inspiration from content analysis. As theoretical framework Illeris Three Dimensions of Learning Model, Hackman & Oldhams Job Characteristic Theory, Deci & Ryans Self-Determination Theory, and Locke & Lathams Goal Setting Theory was applied. The employees experienced autonomy within team’s goal setting, however with limited individual autonomy. Results showed that a coach should work to enhance employee autonomy in order for coaching to have a positive effect on employee motivation and development. The relationship between coach and coachee is of importance for the coaching to have positive effect on employee motivation and development. Applying directive elements in the coaching style and lacking in individual accommodation hinders the employees’ intrinsic motivation. The lack of individual accommodation, and presence of collective understanding within the team, rather results in an internalised extrinsic motivation.

The purpose of this research project was to give a better understanding of the relationship between sustainable development and employee motivation. More specifically, this study focused on the influence of sustainable development over intrinsic and extrinsic employee motivation, and aimed to identify and explain the different motivators at stake in this connection.   We decided to select sustainable development and motivation as our two main theories, and we carefully developed them in our theoretical framework. Beside that, we chose to follow an interpretivist paradigm and to conduct qualitative interviews with employees.   For this research project, we contacted Brocard, a French wine producer seriously involved in sustainable development for almost 20 years. After having designed an interview guide thanks to our theoretical framework and our own knowledge, we carried out six semi-structured interviews via Skype with the company and collected almost three hours of data.   After the retranscription and the translation of these interviews, we presented the empirical results and analyzed the data by following a thematic analysis. We managed to group a great number of concepts under three themes (satisfaction, working environment, and performance) and discussed them. The results showed several motivators at stake when employees were confronted to sustainable development, either intrinsic and extrinsic.   Several limitations can be underlined in our research project, as the difference of language between the respondents and the final writing thesis, which probably caused the loss of some information, or the fact that this study is partly limited to France, due to the company we contacted. To go beyond those results, we suggested to develop the same type of study in other countries or other areas of the world, and then compare the results.

Syfte och frågeställning Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare arbetar för att motivera omotiverade elever att delta i undervisningen i idrott och hälsa. Studiens frågeställning är: hur arbetar lärare med de elever som saknar motivation i undervisningen idrott och hälsa? Metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på fem lärarintervjuer. Intervjuerna utfördes med hjälp av en halvstrukturerad intervjumetod. Insamlade data bearbetades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys och analysbegreppen yttre och inre motivation. Studien utgick från ett bekvämlighetsurval. Resultat Resultatet visade att samtliga lärare i undersökningen har strategier för att motivera eleverna att delta i undervisningen i idrott och hälsa. Samtliga lärare menade att teorin och praktiken går hand i hand och stöder varandra i undervisningen. Vidare visade resultatet att samtliga lärare tyckte att det var viktigt att planera lektionerna på ett roligt och lustfyllt sätt. Samtliga lärare menade att relationen till eleverna är av stor betydelse för elevernas lärande och motivation. I intervjuerna framgick att lärarna arbetar aktivt med att skapa en trygg och bekväm miljö för att eleverna ska våga testa sig fram i undervisningen. Resultatet visade att varje lärare talade om att anpassa undervisningen efter varje elev för bästa möjliga chans att nå kunskapskraven. Slutsater I denna studie har det visat sig att samtliga lärare arbetar med olika strategier för att motivera eleverna till att delta i undervisningen idrott och hälsa. Samtliga lärare har dock förklarat att individanpassning, iakttagelse, roliga och varierade planeringar är viktiga strategier för att motivera elever. Vidare har undersökningen visat att alla lärare tycker att relationen mellan lärare och elever är viktig samt att en blandning av teori och praktik är betydelsefull för att inkludera alla elever.

Students´ achievements in scientific subjects, such as biology, have stringently declined during the past decade. In order to disrupt these declining results in scientific subjects it´s important to identify factors leading to decreased academic achievements within the scientific subjects. This study aims to investigate the association between students´ achievements in biology and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation among 120 Swedish students with an age between thirteen and fifteen years s. A self-efficacy sub-scale of the “Motivational for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) was used to evaluate students´ self-efficacy beliefs and an “Academic Motivation Scale for Learning Biology” (AMSLB) was used to determine students´ motivation to learn biology. The results showed a significant positive correlation between students´ biology achievement and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Further, a significant negative correlation was found between students´ biology achievement and amotivation. These findings indicates that both self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation could be important underlying factors that positively impact students´ achievements in biology.

Valet av ämne till studien baserades på det nuvarande fokus som läggs på lönens storlek och löneformen på arbetsplatsen, vilket betraktas som betydande faktorer för många arbetstagare. För att sedan undersöka huruvida lönens storlek och löneformen påverkar motivationen till arbete på arbetsplatsen genomfördes därmed denna studie. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet visar på att motivationen till arbete ökar då arbetstagarna känner sig nöjda med sin lön. Vidare har det framkommit att de medarbetare som inte känner sig nöjd med sin lön statistiskt sett tenderar frivilligt att säga upp sig och har högre frånvaro jämfört med de som är nöjda (Chiu, 1999). Bolster (2007) menar att lönen är de belöningssystem som motiverar flest människor. Syftet med studien är att undersöka ifall motivationen till arbetet påverkas av lönestorleken och löneformen. Med fokus på hur olika löneformer påverkar de anställdas motivation till arbete inom försäljningsbranschen. Vid genomförandet av studien användes en kvantitativ ansats. Studien utfördes med en webbenkät som baserades på två tidigare genomförda studier inom ämnet. Webbenkäten innehöll frågor som behandlade löneform, lönestorlek samt motivationen till arbete. Enkäten sändes viamejl till anställda inom försäljningsbranschen. De analyser som gjordes visade på att det inte existerade något samband mellan de anställdas löneform och motivation till arbete. Dock infann sig ett signifikant samband mellan lönens storlek och motivationen till arbete. Där framgick att högavlönade var mest motiverade till arbete, r(77) =.23, p = .043. / The choice of topic for the study was based on the current focus is placed on the rate of wages and the wage form in the workplace, which are regarded as significant factors for many workers. Then, to investigate whether the rate of wages and the wage form affects the motivation towork in the workplace took place is this study. Previous research on the subject shows that the motivation to work increases when workers feel more satisfied with their salary. Furthermore, it emerged that employees who do not feel satisfied with their salary statistically tend to voluntarily resign and have higher absenteeism compared with those who are satisfied (Chiu, 1999). Bolster (2007) argues that wages are the reward systems that motivate most people. The purpose of the study is to examine whether motivation to work is influenced by the size of the wage and the wage form. With a focus on how different forms of remuneration affects the motivation to work in the sales industry. In the implementation of the study used a quantitative approach. The studywas conducted with a web survey was based on two previous studies on the subject. The online survey contained questions that dealt with payroll form, payroll size and motivation to work. The questionnaire was sent via e-mail to employees in the sales industry. The analyzes conducted showed that there existed no relationship between the employees' wage form and motivation to work. However, appeared a significant correlation between rate of wages and the motivation to work. There appeared to highly paid weremost motivated to work, r(77) = .23, p = .043.

Sustainability and sustainable development are concerned as major topics in the current business and academic context. Although business entities are seen as a cause of the problem, they are similarly seen as a solution helping the world to survive from this enormous challenge. The current academic literature underlines the role of sustainable entrepreneurship as a decisive force, which helps to transform the profit-oriented paradigm into the “new industrial revolution”. In this context the motivating factors and their interactions behind the sustainable entrepreneurship are further unclear, which has lead to the following research questions: (1)  What entrepreneurial motivations in Finland affect entrepreneur’s decision to form and exploit sustainability-oriented opportunities? (2)  What institutional motivations in Finland affect entrepreneur’s decision to form and exploit sustainability-oriented opportunities? (3)  What are the interactions between entrepreneurial and institutional motivations affecting entrepreneur’s decision to form and exploit sustainability-oriented opportunities in Finland? The theoretical framework was constructed with a strong emphasis on entrepreneurial processes and opportunity theories. The main deviation from the conventional entrepreneurship towards the sustainable entrepreneurship was drawn through the wider nature of value creation in terms of triple bottom line approach. In addition the main motivational concepts were mirrored through the entrepreneurial motivations literature and the institutional theory, which provided effective theoretical lenses for the purpose of the empirical study.  The empirical study was conducted in Finland as a multiple case study with an exploratory research approach. The data was collected from sustainability-driven entrepreneurs and experts who had personal knowledge related to the phenomenon. More practical data collection methods were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires concerning entrepreneurial motivations. These selected methodological choices enabled accumulation of a rich set of data and provided further possibilities for fruitful data analysis.  The study indicated that human motivations related to the conventional entrepreneurship research are feasible in enhancing sustainable entrepreneurship. In the similar vein entrepreneurial motivations concerning self-realization, opportunities, personal values and prior experience have motivational effects on the sustainability-driven entrepreneur. Institutional motivations towards sustainable entrepreneurship are influential for the sustainability-oriented opportunity process. The analysis indicated that for example governmental incentives, consumption norms and social networks are motivating factors for sustainability-driven entrepreneurs. Finally the study indicated that both motivational sources have co-evolutive interactions throughout the process, but the intensity of these interactions similarly varied.

The purpose of the study was to develop a theory and model for motivity of consciousness which would constitute a system of thought motivity. The major premises of currently prominent theories of motivation, including psychoanalysis, learning theory, self-actualization theory, and topological psychology, were surveyed. Related materials in the area of psychic research and energy systems related to mental function were surveyed. The primary activities and processes called thought motivity were identified along with some of the major forces on the individual. From the identified forces and processes a theory of thought motivity was developed. A conceptual model for motivity of consciousness based upon the theory was designed. The theory and the model considered together constituted the system of thought motivity. Brain processes and biological actions of the human organism were proposed to have a functional, interdependent relationship. Thought was considered to be a functional of brain processes. It was postulated that a certain minimal level of biological actions were continuous in the living organism; therefore, thought was continuous. It was postulated that at any given point in time and space a universe of events would exist which was capable of producing outcomes in the brain. Of that universe of events a field of events was likely to produce outcomes in the brain. Of those events likely to produce outcomes in the brain a region of events would produce outcomes. The net relationship between the universe of events, the field of events, and the region of events was one of decreasing quantity of stimuli. The universe of events was postulated to include stimuli which affected the brain through sensory organs and other receptors. Events which produced outcomes in the brain and were not received through sensory organs were proposed to operate through para-sensory receptors in the brain. As a functional of a universe of events and biological. actions, each of which had a nature of constancy and change, thought was postulated to be subject to constant motivity. Thought motivity was proposed to be a process of differentiation and integration of events as reflected by outcomes produced in the brain. At any given point in time and space, brain processes were theorized to be limited by experiential factors, the universe of events, and the functionals of brain processes.

The study examined the effects of positive verbal reinforcement on intrinsic motivation by determining differential effects over four multidimensions of Ryan's Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Subjects (N=60) were 30 male and 30 female college students. The subjects were blocked by gender and randomly assigned to a positive verbal reinforcement group or a control group. The subjects received 10 trials on the stabilometer. The results of the study indicated that there were significant group differences for composite intrinsic motivation and for perceived competence; however, there were no significant gender differences found. Furthermore, no group differences were reported for the underlying factors of interest/enjoyment, effort, or pressure/tension.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan elevers motivation och prestationer gällande räknesättet multiplikation. Motivationen graderas utifrån elevernas egna skattningar i form av hur de upplever ämnesområdet samt deras upplevelser om hur svårt eller lätt det är. Studien genomfördes i en klass bestående av 21 st elever i årskurs 2. Varje elev fick muntligt ange utifrån en enkät hur motiverade de var med hjälp av skalor gällande multiplikation överlag samt olika uppgiftstyper inom multiplikation. Därefter fick eleverna genomföra ett enskilt multiplikationstest skriftligt. Den insamlade datan från elevernas enkätsvar och testresultat sammanställdes och jämfördes. Resultatet visade ett samband mellan låg motivation och låga resultat och högre motivation och högre resultat gällande multiplikation. Slutsatsen är att det finns ett samband mellan elevers motivation och prestation gällande räknesättet multiplikation, men att andra aspekter, som exempelvis uppgiftstyp, påverkar upplevelsen av hur roligt eller tråkigt och/eller lätt eller svårt räknesättet multiplikation upplevs.