Titel: Den välutbildade och erfarna företagaren – Myt eller sanning? Nivå: C-uppsats i företagsekonomi Författare: Johan Lindberg & Andreas Toresson Handledare: Lars Ekstrand Datum: 2014 – maj Syfte: Många företag föds årligen, men endast en del av dessa blir framgångsrika och cirka en tredjedel av företagen har lagts ner inom en treårsperiod. Därför var intresset att undersöka varför vissa företag blir framgångsrika. Detta med hjälp av tre faktorer som kan anses påverka hur framgångsrikt ett företag blir. Dessa faktorer var utbildningsnivå, tidigare erfarenhet och uppstartsmotiv hos företagsgrundaren. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan dessa faktorer och ställa dem mot nystartade företags framgång. Metod: En enkätundersökning av kvantitativ karaktär har genomförts för att analysera vikten av de faktorer studien tar fasta på. Urvalet var egenföretagare från vars verksamhet startades upp under år 2012. Studien bygger på 95 respondenters svar på enkätundersökningen. Svaren har sedan sammanställts i diagram för att göra en jämförelse mellan de tre faktorerna och två indikatorer som tyder på framgång: omsättning och antal anställda. Dessa har sedan analyserats med hjälp kontingenstabeller. Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att tidigare erfarenhet av den bransch man verkar inom har positiv påverkan på både företagets omsättning och antal anställda. Dessutom visar studien att de företagsgrundare vars uppstartsmotiv är baserade på självförverkligande, att få vara sin egen och att få förverkliga sina idéer tydligt tenderar att bli mer framgångsrika än de vars uppstartsmotiv är rent ekonomiska. Studiens resultat visar också att 9 % av respondenterna anser att utbildning kan medföra nackdelar för företagsgrundaren. Dessutom anser 75,8% att utbildning inte är av större vikt vid start av eget företag. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien har genomförts på ett begränsat antal företagare i specifika delar av Sverige. Ett förslag till fortsatt forskning skulle kunna vara att genomföra en större empirisk undersökning för att kunna generella resultatet över ett större geografiskt område. Denna studie har ej riktat sig mot företagare vars företag gått i konkurs och därför vore en vidare forskning, med denna grupp medräknat i urvalet, intressant för att få en större inblick i vad som gör ett företag framgångsrikt eller inte. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen resulterar i en ökad förståelse för hur variablerna utbildning, erfarenhet och uppstartsmotiv påverkar sannolikheten att uppnå framgång. Resultatet kan användas av och vara till nytta för blivande nyföretagare. Studiens resultat lyfter en intressant syn Examensarbete, C-uppsats, 15 hp Företagsekonomi Examensarbete i företagsekonomi Ekonomprogrammet   3  på huruvida utbildning främjar företagande eller inte samt ger en inblick i vikten av uppstartsmotiv och tidigare erfarenhet för framgångsrikt företagande. Nyckelord: Egenföretagare, framgångsrikt företagande, framgångsfaktorer, företagsstart, utbildning, erfarenhet, uppstartsmotiv. / Title: The Educated and Experienced Entrepreneurs – Myth or Truth? Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business and Economics Author: Johan Lindberg & Andreas Toresson Supervisor: Lars Ekstrand Date: 2014 – May Aim: Many companies are born annually, but only a few becomes successful and just about a third of the companies have closed down within three years. Therefore, the interest was to explore why some companies becomes successful. This, with the help of three factors that can be considered to affect how successful a company becomes. These factors were level of education, previous experience and start-up motives of the company founder. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between these factors and set them against start-up business success. Method: A survey of quantitative nature has been conducted to analyze the importance of the factors the study focuses on. The sample was self-employed whose business was started up in the year 2012. The study is based on 95 respondents' answers to the survey. The answers are then compiled into diagrams to make a comparison between the three factors and two indicators of success: turnover and employees. These were then analyzed using contingency tables. Result & Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that prior experience in the industry in which it operates has positive impact on both the company's turnover and employees. In addition, the study shows that the company's founder whose start-up motives are based on self-realization, to be his own and realize their ideas clearly tend to be more successful than those whose start-up motives are purely financial. The study also shows that 9 % of the respondents believe that education can have negative consequences for the company founder. Moreover, the 75.8% of the respondents believe that education is not of major importance when starting your own business. Suggestions for future research: This study was conducted on a limited number of entrepreneurs in specific parts of Sweden. A proposal for further research would be to conduct a larger empirical study to overall outcome over a larger geographic area. This study was not directed at entrepreneurs whose companies have gone bankrupt and therefore would a further research with this group, including the selection of this study, be interesting to get a greater insight into what makes a business successful or not. Contribution of the thesis: The paper results in a greater understanding of how the variables education, experience and start-up motives affect the likelihood of achieving success. The result can be used and be useful for aspiring entrepreneurs. The results of the study raise an interesting view on whether education promotes entrepreneurship or not, and provides insight into the importance of start-up motives and previous experience to create a successful entrepreneurship.   5  Key words: Self-employed, business success, success factors, business start-up, training, experience, start-up motive.

The ideal of artificial intelligence can firstly be set as the ability of a mechanical (or electronic) agent to be able to, as a human, observe, reason, learn, communicate and act in complex environments and secondly, to explain this type of behaviour in humans, animals or any other type of agent. The aim of this study is firstly to determine whether this ideal is feasible and secondly, to look at the physicalist premise thereof, viz., everything is physical according to Dooyeweerd’s view of the creation, fall and redemption motive. First we determine the essence of artificial intelligence through the Curch–Turing thesis. We then place the essence of artificial intelligence alongside the essence of life firstly to see whether the construction of an artificial intelligence agent is possible and whether the subject artificial intelligence has something to say regarding intelligent behaviour in humans, animals and similar agents. Lastly we look at the physicalist premise of artificial intelligence viz., everything is physical from the reformative creation, fall and redemption motive. The Church–Turing thesis forms the boundary of what is feasible in artificial intelligence and what is not feasible. Every component of the thesis is limited to the arithmetic law sphere of Being, i.e. the succession of discrete elements in a set of elements. Any effort to reduce the spatial aspect of the being to the arithmetic aspect of Being, like the enumeration of irrational numbers, ends in an antinomy. Any artificial intelligence agent is in its nature limited to the arithmetic law sphere of Being. The structural intertwinement, which such an artificial intelligence agent has with its underlying physical components is, in contrast with living organisms that of an irreversible grounded enkapsis. Life and mind has, in contrast to the arithmetic seclusion of an artificial intelligence agent, a fullness and totality. It has an ability to unlock Being in its fullness, which comes to the fore in a way that any living organism unlocks the plastic horizon of Being in the respective internal and phenomenological horizons. The unlocking of the spatial aspect plays a key role with its kernel of totality, simultaneity and continuousness. In both these horizons, the organism is in a living enkapsis with both its underlying physical substrate and the physical things in its external surroundings. The ideal of artificial intelligence is thus a phantasm. The only comment it can give on biology is that which has to do with the succession of discrete elements in a system. Hempel’s dilemma and the halting problem expose the physicalist point of departure of everything is physical as a religious premise, which is not empirically verifiable. Instead of getting a better view of Being the contours of meaning of life as well as all the supra physical aspects of Being fades away or is denied with concealment of Being. The only way in which we can get the broadest possible insight into Being is in the light of the Word of God. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The ideal of artificial intelligence can firstly be set as the ability of a mechanical (or electronic) agent to be able to, as a human, observe, reason, learn, communicate and act in complex environments and secondly, to explain this type of behaviour in humans, animals or any other type of agent. The aim of this study is firstly to determine whether this ideal is feasible and secondly, to look at the physicalist premise thereof, viz., everything is physical according to Dooyeweerd’s view of the creation, fall and redemption motive. First we determine the essence of artificial intelligence through the Curch–Turing thesis. We then place the essence of artificial intelligence alongside the essence of life firstly to see whether the construction of an artificial intelligence agent is possible and whether the subject artificial intelligence has something to say regarding intelligent behaviour in humans, animals and similar agents. Lastly we look at the physicalist premise of artificial intelligence viz., everything is physical from the reformative creation, fall and redemption motive. The Church–Turing thesis forms the boundary of what is feasible in artificial intelligence and what is not feasible. Every component of the thesis is limited to the arithmetic law sphere of Being, i.e. the succession of discrete elements in a set of elements. Any effort to reduce the spatial aspect of the being to the arithmetic aspect of Being, like the enumeration of irrational numbers, ends in an antinomy. Any artificial intelligence agent is in its nature limited to the arithmetic law sphere of Being. The structural intertwinement, which such an artificial intelligence agent has with its underlying physical components is, in contrast with living organisms that of an irreversible grounded enkapsis. Life and mind has, in contrast to the arithmetic seclusion of an artificial intelligence agent, a fullness and totality. It has an ability to unlock Being in its fullness, which comes to the fore in a way that any living organism unlocks the plastic horizon of Being in the respective internal and phenomenological horizons. The unlocking of the spatial aspect plays a key role with its kernel of totality, simultaneity and continuousness. In both these horizons, the organism is in a living enkapsis with both its underlying physical substrate and the physical things in its external surroundings. The ideal of artificial intelligence is thus a phantasm. The only comment it can give on biology is that which has to do with the succession of discrete elements in a system. Hempel’s dilemma and the halting problem expose the physicalist point of departure of everything is physical as a religious premise, which is not empirically verifiable. Instead of getting a better view of Being the contours of meaning of life as well as all the supra physical aspects of Being fades away or is denied with concealment of Being. The only way in which we can get the broadest possible insight into Being is in the light of the Word of God. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

音樂分段在研究音樂分析相關的領域是很重要的研究題目。音樂的分段可以提供作音樂結構分析、音樂瀏覽、音樂內容查詢與音樂摘要等應用。本論文的研究目的就是對音樂作自動分段，以幫助使用者能快速瀏覽音樂的內容。因此，我們針對音樂的主題作主題式的分段。 音樂的主題是取決於作曲者的動機，動機是構成音樂主題的基本因素。為了能夠以主題為基礎作音樂分段，我們必須找出決定音樂主題的因素。動機會有規則性的出現在整首音樂當中，所以我們可以利用動機出現的規則來探勘音樂的動機。 我們提出一個以主題對音樂作分段的方法，總共分為四個主要的步驟。第一，我們從原始的音樂資料擷取出主旋律的部分。第二，將主旋律做粗略分段。我們利用探勘Non-trivial重複樣式的技術[17]，來找出粗略段落。第三，從粗略段落中探勘動機。我們利用Stein所提出來的動機變化規則，修改傳統探勘重複序列的方法，做動機的探勘。最後，我們利用探勘出來的動機對主旋律作精細分段。我們針對MIDI音樂檔案利用提出來的方法，實做出一個系統，找出音樂的主題段落。 先前研究在評估實驗結果時，多採用Precision與Recall去評估實驗的結果。然而，這樣的評估方法並不能表現出實驗結果與正確答案之間的相似程度。所以我們提出新的評估方法，根據實驗結果與正確答案之間的相似程度來評估實驗的準確率。根據實驗結果顯示，我們的方法準確率約65%。 / Music segmentation is one of the important issues in music analysis. Music segmentation can be utilized for music structure analysis, music browsing, content-based music retrieval, and music summarization. In this theis, we proposed a music segmentation method based on the music theme to provide users the capability to browse music segments by theme. Motives, the concepts of the composer, are the basic elements of music themes. Music themes were constructed by motives. In order to segment music by themes, we have to discover motives. Most motives repeated in the music by some motivic treatment rules. Therefore, motives can be discovered by these rules. We proposed the theme segmentation method. There are four steps. Firstly, we extract main melody from original music. In the second step, rough segments are generated from main melody by mining non-trivial repeating patterns. Then, motives are detected from rough segments. We modify the mining algorithm for discovering frequent patterns by applying motivic treatment rules proposed by Stein. Finally, we segment main melody based on the generated motives. Moreover, a system for segmentation of music in MIDI format was implemented. Concerning the effectiveness evaluation of music segmentation, precision and recall are used in previous research. We proposed an effectiveness measure and corresponding algorithm to evaluate the accuracy of music segmentation. Experimental results show that our proposed music segmentation method achieves 65% accuracy.

This thesis focuses on the topic of aging and memories connected with a woman's life. Theme is incorporated into the wider art-historical context and secondarily deals with the issue of social status of woman-artist. Attention is among others devoted to the topic of feminine identity and to the outline of links with cultural involvement of women. The thesis concerns with the description of the specifics of the aging process and mechanisms of memory function and remembrance, then it returns to the realm of an individual and a reflection of a personality.

xiii, 188 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Beethoven's last five string quartets have engaged the imagination and curiosity of performers, listeners, and critics at a level that has rarely been touched in the world of chamber music, or beyond. Throughout the late quartets' history, musicians have scrutinized the works in search of a logic that might demystify their stylistic and structural peculiarities. This present study continues this pursuit as it examines analytically (through Schenkerian techniques) the harmonic, contrapuntal, and motivic procedures in Beethoven's last complete composition, the String Quartet in F major, op. 135. Most of the published analytical commentaries on the F major quartet approach the work more or less exclusively from a motivic standpoint. Arnold Schoenberg (1941), Rudolf Reti (1951), Deryck Cooke (1963), and Christopher Reynolds (1988) have all praised op. 135 for its highly unified motivic structure; what their studies show--at least in a general sense--is that there is undoubtedly a motivic strategy that ties much of op. 135 together. But what are we to do when the details of one motivic reading opposes another? Or what if a particular reading contradicts the way we understand a passage aurally (which happens often when the proposed reading is incongruous with the music's harmonic-contrapuntal structure)? What criteria should we use to evaluate a motivic analysis? Clearly, we need a set of principles and standards that will help answer these questions and advance us beyond mere intuition. The position taken in this study echoes John Rothgeb's argument that "proposed thematic relationships must bear scrutiny in the light of the Schenkerian theory of structural strata," and that incompatible readings should be "dismissed as spurious" (1983, 42). In the pages that follow, Schenkerian approach is adopted to help assess existing motivic readings of op. 135 within the requisite contexts of harmony and voice leading. The method is also used to help generate a rational, hearable analysis that reveals motivic relationships that reside at deeper, hidden levels of structure. / Adviser: Jack Boss

Currently, human resource management is one of the most important system operations of specific companies. Due to the growing effort to achieve higher competitiveness, companies are looking for new resources, namely human ones, and the importance of human capital within the global society is on the rise. The dynamic management approach involving motivational approaches strenghtens the unique role of information technology and, along with the improved quality of staff, increases general awareness. If the quality of employees and ultimately the quality of the human factor is continuously improved and if the employer motivates the employees towards innovation processes, business will be booming and will have a good position in the market. It is also desirable that employees are motivated to identify with the goals of the their company. The above issues are the main focus of this thesis. The main objective was to analyze the forms of motivation and stimulation and their impact on employees with proposed measures. An analysis of the data and other information obtained was followed by an overall evaluation of the current approaches to motivation and stimulation of human resources in the selected company. Based on this information, measures were proposed to increase employee satisfaction and motivation to better results.

La littérature indique que les consommateurs de cannabis sont fragilisés, tant au niveau émotionnel que cognitif. Nous pensions que ces dysfonctionnements pouvaient être associés à un appauvrissement du rappel autobiographique. Nous observons en effet, au travers cette étude exploratoire, que les usagers réguliers de cannabis éprouvent des difficultés à récupérer des évènements autobiographiques spécifiques, ce qui est révélateur d’un biais de surgénéralité. Il apparaît que la fonction adaptative que revêt l’usage de cannabis influence le rappel d’évènements généraux chez les usagers, bien plus que ne le font les facteurs représentatifs de leur fonctionnement émotionnel. Par conséquent, nous suggérons qu’au sein de cette population, la fonction «adaptative de l’usage, illustre, bien plus que d’autres facteurs prédicteurs, l’hypothèse d’évitement fonctionnel (Williams, 2006) afin d’expliquer la survenue de ce biais de surgénéralité. Au regard, à présent, de la valence émotionnelle des évènements autobiographiques rappelés par les usagers, cette recherche ne nous a pas permis de mettre en évidence de surreprésentation des évènements négatifs au sein du rappel autobiographique des usagers, contrairement à ce que nous envisagions au regard de la littérature. Il est possible de penser que ces résultats sont dus, entre autre, à l’effet des cannabinoïdes sur la modulation des émotions. Toutefois, afin de nous en assurer, nous aurions besoin que d’autres recherches s’attèlent à répondre sur cette question. / The literature indicates that cannabis users are vulnerable, both emotionally and cognitively. We expected that these dysfunctions may be associated with a loss of autobiographical recall. Indeed, through this exploratory study, we observe that regular cannabis users have difficulties to retrieve specific autobiographical events, which is indicative of a surgenerality bias. It appears that adaptive use motivation influences the recall of general events in users, much more than the representative factors of their emotional functioning. Therefore, we suggest that, in this population, adaptive use motive, illustrate, much more than other predictors, the functional avoidance assumption (Williams, 2006) to explain the occurrence of this surgenerality bias. Given, now, the emotional valence of autobiographical events recalled by the users, this research does not allow to demonstrate overrepresentation of negative events in the autobiographical recall of users, contrary to what we envisaged in the light of literature. It is possible to think that these results are due, among other things, to the effect of cannabinoids on the modulation of emotions. However, to confirm this, we need more research gets done to answer this question.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a força propulsora proveniente do motor de indução linear plano, na condição de bloqueio. Utiliza-se um método de imposição de correntes elétricas ao estator através de um conversor de frequência PWM acionado por uma plataforma realimentada. A leitura da força propulsora foi realizada através de uma célula de carga utilizando um circuito eletrônico para leitura e condicionamento do sinal. Visando a análise completa do motor linear, foi realizado uma modelagem computacional que emprega todos os parâmetros relevantes ao estudo da máquina bloqueada. Ao final realizou-se um confronto teórico experimental que avaliou a eficiência do método proposto. / This work intent to study the motive power provided by the plane linear induction motor, in a lock condition. It uses a method of imposition of the electric current to the stator via a frequency convertor PWM driven by a refed platform. The reading of the motive power was performed by a load cell using an electronic circuit for reading and conditioning of the signal. Aiming a complete analysis of the linear motor, it was performed a computational modeling that employs all relevant parameters to the study of the locked machine. At the end it was held a theoric-experimental confrontation that evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Basis: Statistical data of the Police of the Czech Republic show that secondary drug crime is widespread among abusers of addictive substances in the entire Czech Republic. The crime is mainly due to the need for financial resources for buying the addictive substance. As a result, every addictive substance abuser is perceived as a potential perpetrator of a crime. Aim: The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the incidence of secondary drug criminality in the clients of the contact center DRUG - OUT Klub, z. s. in Ústí nad Labem, and to study the effect of selected influential demographic factors (gender, age, type of addictive substance, duration of addictive substance abuse). Methods and Research Sample: The research was conducted in the drug addiction treatment center DRUG - OUT Klub, s. z. in Ústí nad Labem using a questionnaire. The research respondents were problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. The research sample was selected with help of the institution. Every client of the contact center, who was a problem opioid or stimulant abuser, was over 18 years old, and agreed to be part of the research could participate. The research sample consisted of 362 problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. Among those were 201 men (60 opioid abusers, 141 stimulant abusers) and 161 women (55...