Diploma thesis deals with analysis of energy resources. The aim is to map the potential of renewable resources in the Czech Republic and through multicriteria decision making to assess the potential investment options in renewable energy in the Czech Republic.

Main task of the thesis, as it is clear from its name, is the application of operations research methods, which could be used for selecting suppliers of electricity for the home. In the first part of thesis the functioning of the electricity market in the Czech Republic is explained and the theoretical assumptions, which are necessary for understanding the issue is described. In the practical part of the thesis some methods of multicriteria decision making and of data envelopment analysis models are presented. The results of each method are explained in detail and they are compared with results of other methods.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-07-01T14:42:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio Cezar De Oliveira.pdf: 1235519 bytes, checksum: 7e63ce47300a84dec3bc01d87650f12f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T14:42:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio Cezar De Oliveira.pdf: 1235519 bytes, checksum: 7e63ce47300a84dec3bc01d87650f12f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Outsourcing of logistics activities in the Brazil has been growing, allowing companies to direct efforts towards to their core activities and to obtain strategic gains due to the know-how of specialist companies and the possibility of reducing costs with the assets of the contracted company. Thus, tools that aid in the proper selection of suppliers can be important for the company to reach its goals. In this context, the purpose of this study is to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the evaluation process and selection of a logistics services providers (LSP) for the courier delivery services company, analyzing qualitative and quantitative criteria that express the real needs of the parties, whose aim is to improve the indicators in terms of quality and customer satisfaction. The results indicated that the information technology, responsiveness and quality of management are the most relevant criteria for the contractor because of the need of preserving the enterprise reliability front of your customers and to remain competitive in the courier delivery services area. The results also showed that the criteria and method used could contribute for classification of LSP suitable for the service in terms of deadline, demand and traceability required for operational success. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to assess the robustness of the decision. Finally, the proposed model proved to be a good alternative to support the decision on the selection of logistics providers for express charge, since the analysis of qualitative and quantitative criteria adhering to organizational practice, can lead to choosing companies that can meet the quality requirements of the sector. / A terceirização das atividades logísticas no Brasil vem crescendo, permitindo as empresas a direcionar os esforços no sentido de suas atividades principais e obter ganhos estratégicos devido ao know-how de empresas especializadas e a possibilidade de reduzir os custos com os ativos da empresa contratada. Desta forma, ferramentas que auxiliem na seleção adequada de fornecedores, pode ser importante para que a empresa atinja seus objetivos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o uso do método de decisão multicritério Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) para a avaliação e seleção de provedores de serviços logísticos (PSLs) para empresas do segmento de cargas expressas analisando critérios qualitativos e quantitativos que expressam as reais necessidades das partes envolvidas, cujo intuito é melhorar os indicadores em termo de qualidade, prazo e satisfação dos clientes. Os resultados demonstraram que a tecnologia da informação, responsividade e a gestão da qualidade são os critérios mais relevantes para a contratante em razão da necessidade da preservação da confiabilidade da empresa frente a seus clientes e para manter-se competitiva no segmento de cargas expressas. Constatou-se que os critérios utilizados e o método contribuíram para a classificação de PSLs adequados para o atendimento em termos de prazo, demanda e rastreabilidade exigidos para o sucesso operacional. Uma análise de sensibilidade também foi desenvolvida para avaliar a robustez da decisão. O modelo proposto mostrou ser uma boa alternativa para apoio a decisão na seleção de fornecedores logísticos para carga expressa, uma vez que a análise de critérios qualitativos e quantitativos aderentes à prática organizacional, pode levar a escolha de empresas que possam atender as exigências de qualidade do setor.

Constructing a road is a complex process that may be represented as a series of correlated steps, from the planning to the construction and usage of the new road. At the heart of this process, the preliminary and detailed design stages are key elements that will ensure the quality and the adequacy of the final solution regarding the constraints and objectives of the project. In particular, infrastructure layout and design will have a strong impact on the global performances of the road in operational conditions. Among them, road safety, mobility, environment preservation, noise pollution limitation, economic feasibility and viability of the project, or even its socio-economic impact at the local level. Consequently, it is crucial to offer engineers and road planners some tools and methods that may assist them in designing and selecting the most efficient solutions considering the distinctive features of each design problem. In this work, a multicriteria analysis methodology is developed to carry out an integrated and preventive assessment of road projects at the design stage by considering both their safety performances and some economic and environmental aspects. Its purpose is to support design engineers in the analysis of their projects and the identification of innovative, consistent and effective solutions. The proposed methodology is composed of two main research frameworks. On the one hand, the road design problem is addressed by focusing successively on the structuring of the multicriteria problem, the identification of the approximate set of non-dominated solutions using a genetic algorithm (based on NSGA-II), and the application of the methodology to a real road design project. On the other hand, the methodological development of a multicriteria interval clustering model was performed (based on PROMETHEE). Due to the applicability of this model to the studied problem, the interactions between the two frameworks are also analysed. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / The present PhD thesis is an aggregation of published contributions related to the application of multicriteria analysis to the evaluation of road projects at the design stage. The aim of the two introductory chapters is to offer a synthesised and critical presentation of the scientific contributions that constitute the PhD thesis. The complete version of the journal articles and preprints are found in Chapters 3 to 6. In the appendices, we also provide reprints of conference papers that are usually related to one of the main contributions of the thesis. / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador: Douglas Altamiro Consolo / Resumo: Neste trabalho investiga-se a abordagem de avaliação da proficiência oral do professor de línguas estrangeiras empregado por um exame brasileiro voltado a essa finalidade específica, o EPPLE – Exame de Proficiência para Professores de Línguas Estrangeiras. O estudo tem por objetivo propor uma abordagem que atenda a necessidades levantadas pela literatura da área acerca da importância da democratização e transparência do processo avaliativo e do emprego de processos decisórios que garantam os princípios de validade sem causar interferências na praticidade das avaliações. Assim, a abordagem proposta subordina-se à elaboração de uma escala de mensuração e à reestruturação da escala de proficiência do exame, agregando-se a opinião de usuários com diferentes graus de especialidade sobre a avaliação de proficiência. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso de natureza híbrida e cunho exploratório-descritivo que se utiliza de dados secundários e primários para auxiliar a investigação. Os dados secundários consistem em estudos e documentos sobre a caracterização da proficiência linguística para finalidades gerais e para finalidades de ensino, bem como sobre a avaliação dessas proficiências; em dados de fala do teste oral do EPPLE referentes à participação de formandos em Letras de uma universidade pública paulista e de duas universidades públicas mineiras, na qualidade de candidatos ao exame, nos anos de 2015 e 2017; e nos respectivos conceitos atribuídos aos candidatos, seguindo-se ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research study investigates the assessment model used by a teaching-oriented language examination, the EPPLE – Proficiency Examination for Foreign Language Teachers, in the assessment of foreign language teachers’ oral proficiency. We aim at evaluating the model used by the oral test and proposing a new one that meets current concerns raised by the literature regarding the importance of democratizing the assessment process, guaranteeing transparency and using decision models that assure validity principles without causing interferences in the test’s practicality. Therefore, the model we propose relies on the reorganization of the oral proficiency scale used in the exam through the inclusion of its stakeholders’ opinions. The investigation conducted consists on a quali-quantitative and exploratory-descriptive case study that uses primary and secondary data. Secondary data consist of research studies and documents on the concept of general and teaching purpose language proficiency; speaking data from candidates to the oral test of the EPPLE examination; as well as the respective rates assigned to such candidates according to the proficiency scale used in the exam. The candidates to the EPPLE examination that participate in this study are Letters course undergraduate students from Brazilian public universities, one located in the state of São Paulo and two in the state of Minas Gerais, in the years of 2015 and 2017. Primary data, on the other hand, consist of the answers ob... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Les réseaux de données actuels sont des entités complexes qui opèrent dans des environnements dynamiques et hétérogènes. L'architecture et les protocoles de ces réseaux doivent faire face à plusieurs défis, notamment l'adaptation dynamique et la prise de décisions autonome en présence de plusieurs critères, souvent contradictoires, tels que le délai, le taux de perte, la gigue, l'énergie, etc. Cependant, les problèmes de décision multicritère ont généralement de multiples solutions. Ces problèmes sont résolus par des méthodes qui utilisent des paramètres dont les choix ont des conséquences difficiles à prévoir. De ce fait, la plupart des méthodes de décision multicritère proposées dans la littérature supposent la présence d'un décideur qui guide le processus de décision. Enfin, le choix des paramètres suppose souvent une interactivité avec le décideur, ce qui est difficile, voire impossible, à envisager dans un contexte autonome. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de décision multicritère adaptée aux systèmes autonomes en général et aux réseaux autonomes en particulier. La méthode de décision multicritère de type ``poupée russe'' que nous introduisons utilise un ensemble de boîtes de qualité englobantes, définies dans l'espace des critères, afin d'estimer une large gamme de fonctions d'utilité. D'une part, la méthode proposée s'adapte au caractère dynamique des réseaux autonomes, afin de maximiser la satisfaction des utilisateurs. D'autre part, elle utilise des paramètres qui sont soit directement déduits de faits objectifs, tels que des normes ou spécifications techniques, soit obtenus à l'aide d'une expérience de type MOS (Mean Opinion Score) au moyen d'une méthode de classification automatique. Nous avons testé les performances de la méthode de la poupée russe sur un cas pratique de routage dans les réseaux ad hoc sans fil. Les expérimentations ont montré que le routage réalisé avec la méthode de la poupée russe est toujours meilleur ou similaire à celui de la méthode de la somme pondérée qui est largement utilisée. Cela est dû à la capacité d'adaptation de la décision offerte par cette nouvelle méthode de décision multicritère / Today's data networks are complex entities that operate in dynamic and heterogeneous environments. The architecture and protocols of these networks have to face several challenges such as dynamic adaptation and autonomous decision-making in the presence of several, often conflicting, criteria such as delay, loss rate, jitter, energy, etc. However, multicriteria decision making problems usually have multiple solutions. These problems are solved by methods that use parameters whose choices have consequences difficult to predict. Thus, most multicriteria decision making methods proposed in the literature assume the presence of a decision maker who guides the decision process. Finally, the choice of parameter values often involves an interaction with the decision maker, which is difficult or impossible to do in an autonomous context. In this thesis, we propose a new multicriteria decision making method suitable for autonomous systems in general and autonomous networks in particular. The Russian doll like method we propose uses a set of nested quality boxes (like Russian dolls) defined in the criteria space, in order to approximate a wide range of utility functions. First, the proposed method adapts to the dynamic nature of autonomous networks in order to maximize user satisfaction. Second, it uses parameters that are directly deduced from objective facts such as technical standards or specifications, or obtained from a MOS (Mean Opinion Score) experiment using an automatic classification method. We tested the performance of the Russian doll like method in a case of routing in wireless ad hoc networks. Experiments have shown that routing done with the Russian doll like method is always better or similar to the one done by the weighted sum method which is widely used. This is due to the adaptation ability of the decision provided by this new multicriteria decision making method

Un projet de développement d’une nouvelle installation pétrolière est lancé lorsque des études d’exploration et d’appréciation estiment que l’exploitation du gisement d’hydrocarbures découvert sera suffisamment rentable. La taille des projets rencontrés en industrie pétrolière impose de les découper en plusieurs périmètres. Chaque périmètre est attribué à un contracteur avec un type de contrat particulier, formant ainsi la stratégie contractuelle du projet. Durant le processus de sélection de la stratégie contractuelle, les entreprises pétrolières font face à trois difficultés récurrentes : 1) l’identification et la génération d’un nombre raisonnable et pertinent d’alternatives ; 2) l’évaluation des alternatives réalisables, qui dépendent de critères d’échelles et de natures différentes ; et enfin, 3) le besoin de justifier la solution proposée. La problématique de recherche est donc de concevoir une méthodologie d’aide à l’élaboration et la sélection de la stratégie contractuelle des projets de développement. Elle devra être la plus adaptée non seulement en termes de performances coûts, délais, mais devra également tenir compte des risques associés à ces performances. De plus, les interfaces entre contrats devront être considérées, car la performance collective de la stratégie peut être dégradée par rapport aux performances individuelles de chaque contrat. Ainsi, notre travail de recherche vise à mettre en place des solutions à la fois techniques et pratiques pour d'une part répondre à la question d'identification et de génération d'un ensemble pertinent d'alternatives de contrats et de stratégies contractuelles. D'autre part, construire et mettre en œuvre un système d’estimation et évaluation, permettant d’arriver à une proposition de stratégie contractuelle la plus performante pour le projet de développement. / A development project of a new oil and gas facility starts when the exploration and the appraisal studies estimate the exploitation of the hydrocarbon deposit is economically viable. The complexity and the size of the projects encountered in the industry impose to split them into several pieces, which represent the scope of future contracts. Each scope is then awarded to a contractor with a specific type of contract and selection mode, forming the contractual strategy to adopt in the project. During the contractual strategy selection process, oil companies encounters three recurring difficulties related to: 1) the identification of a reasonable and relevant set of alternatives; 2) the evaluation of potential alternatives, which depends on criteria from different scales and natures; and, 3) the need to substantiate the chosen contractual strategy solution. The research problem is to propose a decision aiding methodology for the development and selection of the most appropriate contractual strategy. It has to be the most performing in terms of cost and schedule, but should also consider the risks associated with these performances. In addition, the interfaces between the different contracts should also be considered, because the collective performance of the whole strategy may be degraded compared to the performance of each individual contract. Thereby, our work seeks to implement both technical and practical solutions to answer on the one hand the question of identification and generation of a relevant set of alternatives, at contracts and contractual strategy levels. On the other hand, to build and implement a system of estimation and evaluation of contractual strategies, allowing to come up with the most performing proposal to the upstream development project.

[pt] Cenários de falhas em plataformas offshore constituem riscos ambientais, sociais e econômicos significativos devido à amplitude dos danos que podem ser provocados. Portanto, neste contexto, a adoção de boas práticas de gestão de manutenção é necessária, permitindo a continuidade operacional, através da integridade de ativos. No entanto, há ainda uma necessidade de estudos com uma abordagem holística para uma avaliação multinível de ativos, através de abordagens modernas que mitiguem as limitações da análise de modos e efeitos de falha (FMEA) tradicional. Desse modo, esta pesquisa propõe um framework para a análise FMEA que considera a subjetividade e as importâncias relativas dos critérios de risco, através de uma abordagem integrada que utiliza sistemas hierárquicos de inferência e modelos multicritério, como o Best-Worst Method (BWM) e o fuzzy VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) para fornecer uma classificação estruturada de ativos, orientando o gestor na priorização de manutenção. Esse framework foi validado por meio de um estudo empírico em uma plataforma do tipo Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), que abordou a problemática da corrosão externa para gestão de manutenção, com base na coleta de dados triangulados. Portanto, a presente pesquisa traz contribuições teóricas ao preencher lacunas através da propositura e aplicação de metodologias integradas, e contribuições práticas ao fornecer aos gestores, responsáveis pela formulação de planos de manutenção, elementos objetivos para uma tomada de decisão mais eficaz, sob o paradigma da confiabilidade. Esse framework pode ser aplicado em outros domínios através do ajuste de critérios avaliativos. / [en] Failure scenarios in offshore platforms pose significant environmental, social, and economic risks due to the magnitude of potential damages they can cause. Therefore, in this context, the adoption of good maintenance management practices is necessary, enabling operational continuity through asset integrity. However, there is still a need for studies with a holistic approach for a multi-level assessment of assets, using modern approaches to mitigate the limitations of traditional Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Thus, this research proposes a framework for FMEA that considers the subjectivity and relative importance of risk criteria, through an integrated approach using hierarchical inference systems and multi-criteria models such as the Best-Worst Method (BWM) and fuzzy VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) to provide a structured classification of assets, guiding managers in maintenance prioritization. This framework was validated through an empirical study on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platform, addressing the issue of external corrosion for maintenance management, based on triangulated data collection. Therefore, this research brings theoretical contributions by filling gaps through the proposal and application of integrated methodologies, and practical contributions by providing managers responsible for formulating maintenance plans with objective elements for more effective decision-making under the reliability paradigm. This framework can be applied in other domains by adjusting evaluative criteria.

This thesis is devoted toMultiobjective Optimization Design (MOOD) procedures for controller tuning applications, by means of EvolutionaryMultiobjective Optimization (EMO).With such purpose, developments on tools, procedures and guidelines to facilitate this process have been realized. This thesis is divided in four parts. The first part, namely Fundamentals, is devoted on the one hand, to cover the theorical background required for this Thesis; on the other hand, it provides a state of the art review on current applications of MOOD for controller tuning. The second part, Preliminary contributions on controller tuning, states early contributions using the MOOD procedure for controller tuning, identifying gaps on methodologies and tools used in this procedure. The contribution within this part is to identify the gaps between the three fundamental steps of theMOOD procedure: problemdefinition, search and decisionmaking. These gaps are the basis for the developments presented in parts III and IV. The third part, Contributions on MOOD tools, is devoted to improve the tools used in Part II. Although applications on the scope of this thesis are related to controller tuning, such improvements can also be used in other engineering fields. The first contribution regards the decision making process, where tools and guidelines for design concepts comparison in m-dimensional Pareto fronts are stated. The second contribution focuses on amending the gap between search process and decisionmaking. With this in mind, a mechanism for preference inclusion within the evolutionary process is developed. With this it is possible to calculate pertinent approximations of the Pareto front; furthermore, it allows to deal efficiently with many-objective and constrained optimization instances. Finally, in the fourth part, Final contributions on controller tuning, a stochastic sampling procedure for proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is proposed, to guarantee that (1) any sampled controller will stabilize the closed loop and (2) any stabilizing controller could be sampled. Afterwards, two control engineering benchmarks are solved using this sampling strategy, the MOOD guidelines highlighted trough this Thesis for multivariable controller tuning and the tools developed in Part III. / Reynoso Meza, G. (2014). Controller Tuning by Means of Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization: a Holistic Multiobjective Optimization Design Procedure [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38248

RESUME La construction d un systeme financier sain et concurrentiel capable de mobiliser de facon substantielle des hauts niveaux d epargne et l amelioration des normes de supervision bancaire et financier pour assurer la stabilite du systeme sont deux des recommandations souvent faites par les institutions internationales pour permettre aux pays africains de participer pleinement a l expansion de la prosperite mondiale et a beneficier de la globalisation du commerce des services financiers. Cette these essaie de trouver les voies et moyens susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration et au renforcement de la supervision bancaire au Congo, et in fine [le secteur bancaire etant le plus important du systeme financier] permettre l eclosion d un systeme financier moderne et efficace qui rencontre les normes internationales. Dans une premiere etape qui consiste en un etat des lieux du systeme financier congolais et en une analyse critique de la gestion bancaire ( chapitre 1 et chapitre 2 ); les analyses : - ressortent les caracteristiques du systeme financier congolais ; - soulignent les contraintes structurelles ayant entrave trois decennies de gestion bancaire ; - evaluent les chances de succes des reformes mises en oeuvre par les autorites; - proposent en des termes generaux, les ameliorations a porter au cadre reglementaire et de supervision du secteur bancaire afin de reduire les imperfections, de renforcer l efficacite et la stabilite du systeme dans son ensemble. Dans une seconde etape, un menu plus restreint de propositions faites au terme de l etat des lieux du systeme financier et de l analyse critique de la gestion bancaire est passe en revue. Les contributions de la these dans cette etape consistent : - en la proposition d outils concrets de supervision bancaire pour faire face a la carence d outils de gestion prudentielle preventive ; (chapitre 3) - en recommandations pour ameliorer : la politique de provisionnement des creances et le fonctionnement des institutions de microfinance ; ( chapitre 4) - a degager dans une demarche d analyse strategique, les pistes susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration de la sante et la solidite du systeme financier congolais apres evaluation prealable de sa competitivite (chapitre 5) SUMMARY The construction of an healthy and competitive financial system able to mobilize high levels of saving and the improvement of the standards of banking and financial supervision to ensure the stability of the system are two of the recommendations often made by international institutions to help African countries to take part in the expansion of world prosperity and to profit from the globalization of financial services. This thesis tries to find the ways to contribute to the improvement and the reinforcement of the banking supervision in Congo, and in fine [ the banking environment being most significant of the financial system ] to allow the blossoming of a modern and effective financial system which meets international standards. In a first stage which consists in an overview of the Congolese financial system and in a critical analysis of the banking management ( chapter 1 & chapter 2) ; our analyses : - release the characteristics of the Congolese financial system ; - underline the structural constraints having blocked three decades of banking management ; - evaluate the chances of success of the reforms implemented by the authorities ; - propose in general terms, the improvements to be carried in order to reduce the imperfections of the banking supervision, to reinforce the effectiveness and the stability of the banking system. In the second stage, a more restricted menu of proposals made at the end of the first stage is reviewed. The contributions of the thesis in this stage consist: - in the proposal of concrete tools for banking supervision to face the deficiency of preventive prudential management tools; ( chapter 3) - in recommendations to improve : the policy of provisioning bad debts and the management of Microfinance institutions; (chapter 4) - in an evaluation of the competitiveness of the Congolese financial system and in the identification of ways which can contribute to the improvement of its safety and solidity by using a strategic analysis approach. ( chapter 5)