Barium Titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO) has attracted an ever increasing research interest because of its wide range of potential applications. Nano-sized or nanostructured BTO has found applications in new, useful smart devices, such as sensors and piezoelectric devices. Not only limited to one material, multi-layers or multi-phases can lead to multifunctional applications; for example, nanocomposites can be fabricated with ferrite or metal phase with BTO. In this study, I synthesized various BTO-ferrites, ranging from nanoparticles, nanowires to thin films. BTO-ferrite coaxial nanotubes, BTO-ferrite self-assemble thin films, and BTO single phase films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel process. BTO-ferrite nanocomposites were grown by solid state reaction. Furthermore, BTO-metal nanostructures were also synthesized by solid state reaction under hydrogen gas which gave us a great inspiration to fabricate metal-ceramic composites. To understand the relationship between metal and BTO ceramic phase, I also deposited BTO film on Au buffered substrates. A metal layer can affect the grain size and orientation in BTO film which can further help us to control the distribution of dielectric properties of BTO films. After obtaining different nanomaterials, I am interested in the applications of these materials. Recently, many interesting electric devices are developed based on nanotechnology, e.g.: memristor. Memristor is a resistor with memory, which is very important in the computer memory. I believe these newly-synthesized BTO based nanostructures are useful for development of memristor, sensors and other devices to fit increasing needs. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Le matériau BiFeO3 (BFO) est le sujet de très nombreuses études fondamentales dans le domaine des matériaux multiferroïques. Cet intérêt est du au fait que cet oxyde présente deux ordres à longue distance à la température ambiante : ferroélectricité et antiferromagnétisme de type G (ce dernier est aussi non colinéaire avec la présence de faible ferromagnétisme ainsi qu’une modulation de spin de type cycloïdale possédant une longueur d’onde de 620 angstrœm). Il est alors possible d’étudier les comportements de couplage entre les propriétés électrique et magnétique. Ce travail concerne principalement la synthèse, les structures haute température, et les propriétés physiques (électronique et magnétique principalement) du matériau BiFeO3 ayant subi des recuits de différentes pressions partielles d’oxygène. La première étape de ce travail concerne l’étude de la synthèse afin de déterminer le protocole optimal de réalisation des céramiques. Les recuits sous atmosphère ont eu pour but de modifier la stœchiométrie en oxygène du matériau, afin d’affecter ses propriétés physiques. Des modifications de faible amplitude de certaines propriétés ont été détectées, mais à l’inverse, la température de Néel et la température de Curie ne sont pas affectées.Concernant la nature des structures haute température, les phases beta et gamma, sujettes à de nombreuses controverses dans la littérature, ont été étudiées par diffraction des rayons X et analyse DSC sur BFO pur ou avec excès de bismuth. Cet excès a permis de stabiliser la phase gamma entre 940 et 950°C, en évitant sa décomposition. Pour compléter ce travail sur BFO en phase pure, nous avons dopé des céramiques avec 10 % de Zr4+ pour étudier le comportement structurale à haute température, ainsi que les propriétés magnétiques et électriques de cette nouvelle composition. Enfin, des simulations numériques sur le composé stœchiométrique, lacunaire en bismuth ou en oxygène ont été réalisées pour comprendre les évolutions structurale, électronique et magnétique du matériau suite aux recuits. La dernière partie est une étude sur le comportement basse température de BFO pur sous différentes formes : nanotubes, céramiques et monocristaux. Nous avons analysé le comportement électrique (impédance, pyroélectricité, RPE et électrostriction), magnétique (aimantation en fonction de la température et du champ magnétique) et structurale (rayon X en thêta-2thêta et rasant, DSC, microRaman et résonance d’ultrasons). Suite à ces études, trois températures sont observées comme présentant un comportement particulier : 140 et 200 K, qui semblent liées par de nombreuses techniques d’analyses et ressortent comme étant une transition à la surface de BFO, mais aussi 180 K où nous avons un écart à la linéarité de la dilatation thermique et un effet d’électrostriction. / BiFeO3 material is the subject of number fundamental studies in multiferroic materials. This interest is mainly cause by the existence of two long range order at room temperature : ferroelectricity and G type antiferromagnetism (this one is also no collinear with the presence of a weak ferromagnetism, and a cycloidal spin modulation with a wave length of 620 angstrom). So, it is possible to study coupling behaviour between electrical and magnetic properties.This work is mainly about the synthesis, high temperature structures, and physical properties (principally electronic and magnetic one) in BFO material after sintering it under different oxygen partial pressure. The first step of this work is about the synthesis study in order to optimize the protocol of ceramic formation. The sintering under atmosphere are done in order to change the oxygen stoichiometry of BFO, we expected to affect this physical properties. We saw some weak modifications of few properties, but Néel and Curie temperature are not altered.Concerning the nature of BFO high temperature structure, beta and gamma phase, which are subject of number controversies in literature, were studied with X-rays and DSC analysis, in pure or in bismuth excess phase. This excess leads to stabilize the gamma phase between 940 and 950°C, and avoid decomposition. To complete this work on pure phase BFO, we doped ceramic with 10 % of Zr4+ in order to study the high temperature structural behaviour, electrical and magnetic properties of this new composition. At last, numerical simulation on the stoichiometric, bismuth or oxygen lacunar system are done to understand structural, electrical and magnetic evolution after the sintering.The last part is a study on behaviour of pure phase BFO at low temperature with different form : nanotube, ceramic and single crystal. We analysed electrical (impedance, pyroelectricity, EPR and electrostriction), magnetic (magnetization function of temperature and magnetic field) and structural comportment (X-rays in theta-2theta and grazing incidence, DSC, microRaman and ultrasonic resonance). It reveals that tree temperature show a specific behaviour : 140 and 200 K, which are link by several analysis technical and seems to be a surface transition (skin effect) in BFO, but also 180 K where we found a non constant evolution in the thermal dilatation, and an electrostriction effect.

The present research work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of epitaxial heterostructures of 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3N2/3)O3 – 0.3 PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO) using multi target pulsed laser ablation technique. Different heterostructures such as bilayered thin films with different individual layer thickness; symmetric and asymmetric superlattices of different periodicities were fabricated. Roles of individual layer thickness, elastic strain and interfaces between PMN-PT and LSMO layers on different physical properties were studied. An attempt has been made to understand the influence of the charge depleted interface states in addition to the probable strain mediated elastic coupling effect on the observed magneto-dielectric response in these engineered heterostructures. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the multiferroic materials, occurrence of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in them, their possible technological applications and the challenges involved. A short historical account of the multiferroic research is discussed to emphasize the importance of artificial multiferroics, particularly the engineered thin film heterostructures. Finally the specific objectives of the current research are outlined. Chapter 2 deals with the various experimental studies carried out in this research work. It gives the details of the experimental set up and the basic operation principles of various structural and physical characterizations of the materials prepared. A brief explanation of material fabrication, structural, micro structural and physical property measurements is discussed. Chapter 3 addresses the phase formation, structural and microstructural features of the engineered heterostructures fabricated epitaxially on single crystalline LaAlO3 (100) substrates. A thin layer of LaNiO3 used as the bottom electrode material for electrical characterizations was grown on the bare substrate prior to the fabrication of the PMN-PT/LSMO heterostructures. The structural and microstructural features of different individual layers were also studied by fabricating single layer thin films of the materials. The effects of individual layer thicknesses on the surface roughness, grain size and lattice strain of the heterostructures are discussed. Chapter 4 deals with the ferroelectric studies of the PMN-PT/LSMO epitaxial heterostructures. Polarization hysteresis (P-E), capacitance – voltage (C-V) and pulsed polarization (PUND) measurements were carried out as functions of applied voltage, frequency and delay time to characterize the ferroelectric properties of the heterostructures. All the bilayered heterostructures exhibited robust ferroelectric response and contribution of non – remnant components to their polarization behaviour were observed from the P-E studies. The symmetric superlattices did not exhibit any ferroelectricity due to high leakage current conduction. After optimizing the LSMO and PMN-PT layer thicknesses ferroelectricity was observed in the asymmetric superlattices accompanied by substantial reduction in the leakage current conduction. The P-E loops were found to be asymmetrically shifted along the electric field axis in all the superlattices indicating the presence of dielectric passive layers and strong depolarizing fields at the interfaces between PMN-PT and LSMO. Chapter 5 deals with the ferromagnetic studies of the PMN-PT/LSMO heterostructures. All the heterostructures exhibited ferromagnetic behaviour in the temperature range of 10 K – 300 K with an in plane magnetic easy axis ([100]) compared to the out of plane ([001]) direction. The magnetization behaviour of the bilayers and superlattices as a function of magnetic field strength, temperature and different individual layer thickness of PMN-PT and LSMO are discussed in terms of the oxygen deficiency, magnetic dead layers and lattice strain effects in these engineered epitaxial heterostructures. Chapter 6 addresses the magneto-dielectric response, dielectric properties and ac conduction properties of the engineered biferroic heterostructures. In order to investigate the manifestation of strain mediated ME coupling in these heterostructures their dielectric response as a function of ac electric signal frequency have been studied under different static magnetic fields over a wide range of temperatures. The appearance of magneto-capacitance and its dependence on magnetic field strength and temperature along with the magnetoresistive characteristics of the heterostructures suggested that the charge depleted interfaces between PMN-PT and LSMO can have an effect on the observed dielectric response in addition to the probable strain mediated ME coupling. Dielectric characterization of the heterostructures performed over a wide range of temperature indicated a Maxwell-Wagner type relaxation mechanism. The manifestation of Maxwell-Wagner effect and the very low activation energy of ac conductivity obtained from the ac conduction studies revealed the strong influence of the charge depleted interfaces between PMN-PT and LSMO on the dielectric properties of the heterostructures. Chapter 7 deals with the dc leakage current conduction characteristics of the heterostructures. The leakage current characterization was performed over a wide range of temperature and analyzed in the framework of different models to investigate the leakage mechanism. All the heterostructures were found to obey the power law I∝Vα over the entire range of temperature with different values of α at different applied voltages. The bilayered heterostructures exhibited ohmic conduction in the lower electric field region and space charge limited conduction was observed at higher electric fields. On the other hand the low field dc conduction behaviour of the superlattices could not be attributed unambiguously to a single mechanism. Depending on the superlattice periodicity the low field conduction behaviour was dominated by either Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission or a combined contribution from the PF effect and ohmic conduction. At higher electric fields all the superlattices exhibited space charge limited conduction. Chapter 8 gives the summary and conclusions of the present study and also discusses about the future work that could give more insight into the understanding of the engineered epitaxial biferroic heterostructures.

The fundamental properties of hexagonal multiferric HoMnO3 films have been thoroughly investigated. The films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on Y:ZrO2(111) substrates. High quality epitaxial HoMnO3 films of 25 { 1000 nm thickness were successfully prepared. The film properties are compared to those of single-crystals. The magnetization measurements revealed that the films show a deviating magnetic behavior from the single-crystals in several ways. For instance, the films have a weakened antiferromagnetic Ho3+ order confirmed from magnetic susceptibility. The difierences are likely to be related to the modified (mostly larger) lattice parameters of films. An approximate phase diagram in comparison with the single-crystal's one is constructed. For multiferroicity investigations, Second Harmonic Generation (SHG; in collaboration with the group of M. Fiebig) has been employed. By SHG, the ferroelectric polar order of the films is obviously confirmed. The ferroelectric switching at room temperature could be clearly demonstrated, whereas leakage of films requires generally a more sophisticated approach. / Die fundamentalen Eigenschaften von hexagonalen multiferroischen HoMnO3 Schichten werden eingehend untersucht. Die dünnen Schichten wurden mittels gepulster Laserdeposition auf Y:ZrO2(111)-Substraten gewachsen. Hochwertige epitaktische HoMnO3-Dünnschichten von 25 { 1000 nm Dicke wurden erfolgreich hergestellt. Die Dünnschichteigenschaften werden mit denen von Einkristallen verglichen. Die Magnitisierungsmessungen ergeben, dass die dünnen Schichten ein von den Einkristallen in verschiedener Weise abweichendes magnetischen Verhalten zeigen. Zum Beispiel haben die dünnen Schichten eine abgeschwächte antiferromagntetische Ho3+ Ordnung, die durch die magnetische Suszeptibilität bestätigt wird. Die Unterschiede sind wahrscheinlich auf die veränderten (meistens grösseren) Gitterparameter der dünnen Schichten zurückzuführen. Ein Phasendiagramm wird zum Vergleich mit Einkristallen konstruiert. Durch Second Harmonic Generation (SHG; in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gruppe von M. Fiebig) wird die ferroelektrische Ordnung der dünnen Schichten eindeutig bestätigt. Das ferroelektrische Umschalten bei Raumtemperatur kann eindeutig nachgewiesen werden, wobei durch den Leckstrom der dünnen Schichten allgemein eine detailliertere Vorgehensweise benötigt wird.

Multiferroika, also Materialien, die gleichzeitig ferroelektrische und ferromagnetische Eigenschaften besitzen, sind sowohl für die Forschung um das Verständnis dieser Eigenschaften als auch für potentielle Anwendungen in neuartigen Speichern von großem Interesse. Die Rasterkraftmikroskopie spielt hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle, da mit ihrer Hilfe die Eigenschaften solcher Probensysteme auf der Nanometerlängenskala untersucht werden können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden drei unterschiedliche multiferroische Systeme auf ihre ferroelektrischen und ferromagnetischen Eigenschaften sowie auf deren Kopplung hin mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden der Rasterkraftmikroskopie untersucht. Im Grundlagenteil dieser Arbeit wird dazu zunächst eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der magnetische Spitzen für die Rasterkraftmikroskopie charakterisiert werden können, so dass in experimentellen Untersuchungen die Wechselwirkung zwischen der untersuchenden Spitze und der untersuchten Probe besser abgeschätzt werden kann. Des Weiteren wird eine Möglichkeit vorgestellt, Kelvin-Sonden-Rasterkraftmikroskopie mit der magnetischen Rasterkraftmikroskopie zu kombinieren, um elektrostatische Artefakte bei den Untersuchungen der magnetischen Eigenschaften auszuschließen. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit werden zuerst die beiden einphasigen Multiferroika BiFeO3 und BiCrO3 untersucht. Es kann experimentell gezeigt werden, dass für die Untersuchung der ferromagnetischen Eigenschaften von Multiferroika die Kombination aus Kelvin-Sonden-Rasterkraftmikroskopie und magnetischer Rasterkraftmikroskopie notwendig ist und mit dieser Technik die magnetischen und elektrostatischen Kräfte ohne Übersprechen voneinander getrennt werden können. Mit Hilfe der Piezoantwort-Rasterkraftmikroskopie werden die ferroelektrischen Domänen dieser Systeme untersucht und lokal die Polarisationsrichtung in den einzelnen Domänen bestimmt. Weiterhin wird an einem Schichtsystem, bestehend aus einem Nickelfilm, der auf BaTiO3 aufgebracht ist, die magnetoelektrische Kopplung analysiert. Hierbei wird vor allem der Einfluss einer elektrischen Spannung auf die leichte magnetische Achse des Nickelfilms studiert, sowie die Veränderung der magnetischen Domänenstruktur in Abhängigkeit der angelegten elektrischen Spannung.

Die magnetische Kühlung ist eine etablierte Technologie im Bereich der Tieftemperaturphysik. Allerdings bieten die Skalierbarkeit des magnetokalorischen Effektes und die Möglichkeit zur kompakten Bauweise auch ein breites Anwendungsspektrum für den Einsatz bei Raumtemperatur. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Möglichkeit zur Anpassung der magnetostrukturellen Umwandlungstemperatur in La(Fe, Si)13-basierten Materialien an die Arbeitstemperatur einer Kühleinheit. Die Herstellung von Ausgangsmaterial über das Schmelzspinnen, ist von hoher technologischer Relevanz, da im Vergleich zu konventionell gegossenem Massivmaterial die anschließende Glühdauer drastisch reduziert werden kann [1]. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zunächst auf die optimalen Glühbedingungen in rasch-erstarrtem Bandmaterial für die Bildung der relevanten magnetokalorischen Phase eingegangen. Durch Variation der Glühtemperatur wird der Einfluss von Sekundärphasen auf den magnetokalorischen Effekt bewertet. Darüber hinaus können bei optimaler Wahl der Legierungszusammensetzung ein großer magnetokalorischer Effekt und der gewünschte Arbeitstemperaturbereich eingestellt werden. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Verknüpfung des Substitutionseffektes (hier: Si für Fe) und der Aufweitung des Gitters durch Hydrierung mit dem resultierenden magnetokalorischen Effekt gelegt. Ein weiterer Punkt, sind die Untersuchungen zur Langzeitstabilität der Eigenschaften von hydriertem Band- und Massivmaterial. Grundlegende und umfassende Untersuchungen zur Substitution von Eisen durch Mangan und zum daraus folgenden Einfluss auf Phasenbildung, Umwandlungstemperatur sowie auf den magnetokalorischen Effekt, insbesondere nach der Hydrierung, werden ebenfalls dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit erlauben damit die Bewertung verschiedener Strategien zur Optimierung der magnetokalorischen Eigenschaften von La(Fe, Si)13.

Bismuth ferrite (BFO) is a multiferroic material with cross-correlation between magnetic and electric orders. With no applied external fields the spin structure of BFO is anitferromagnetic and cycloidal. This ordering prevents the detection of the weak ferromagnetism known to exist in the material. The application of magnetic and electric fields of suitable strength and direction is capable of compelling the Fe3+ spins to align in a homogeneous, antiferromagnetic fashion. This report details how numerical methods were used to simulate the spin alignment of a BFO system under different fields. The results were compiled into electric field-magnetic field phase diagrams of BFO to show the divide between cycloidal and homogeneous systems. / Graduate / 0607 / 0611 / marca@uvic.ca

在此論文中，我們利用第一原理計算研究多鐵材料Cu3Mo2O9的磁性、電子態及多鐵性質。我們發現在此系統中，電子與電子間的庫倫排斥力必須被考慮，以致於導帶與價帶間能隙能夠被良好地描述。由於晶體結構所導致的幾何不穩定性，系統的磁結構尚未在實驗測量中被確定。在我們的理論計算當中得到的磁結構與Vilminot等研究人員根據實驗結果猜測出的非線性反鐵磁結構類似。交換作用與自旋軌道耦合間的爭競決定了電子自旋方向的傾斜。計算所得到的交換作用係數與實驗結果吻合良好。利用Berry’s phase計算，我們得到了系統自發電極化的理論值，其強度與實驗量測值在同一個數量級。然而，在我們計算中得到的電極化方向(平行於b軸)與實驗(平行於c軸)不符。此外，我們發現一磁結構之理論電極化方向與實驗相符，然而其磁結構之對稱性與實驗不符。目前，尚未有第一原理計算研究此氧化物，我們希望此論文能夠對同樣有興趣研究此材料的研究人員有所幫助。 / In this thesis, we used the ab initio method to study a multiferroic oxide Cu3Mo2O9. The correlations of electrons must be considered in this system so that a reasonable energy gap can be obtained. Due to the geometric frustration of magnetic structure caused by crystal structure, the ground state spin configuration in this system still has not been determined experimentally. We found some spin configurations similar to the non-collinear anti-ferromagnetic spins configuration suggested by Vilminot et al.. Competition between exchange interactions and spin-orbit coupling effect determines the canting of spins on Cu atoms. The calculated exchange parameters agree with the experimental results well. By using Berry phase calculations, we obtained the theoretical value of spontaneous electric polarization. The strength of polarization in our results is in the same order of results of experiments. However, the direction of electric polarization we found (along b-axis) is different from the experimental measurements (along c-axis). We have found a spin configuration that the theoretical electric polarization of the state agrees with the experimental results. However, the symmetry of the spin configuration does not satisfy the conditions suggested by results of the neutron diffraction experiment. And, spins on neighboring Cu2 and Cu3 do not form a singlet dimer. Since there still is no ab initio calculation studying this oxide, we hope that our studies can help those who are also interested in this material.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5333.pdf: 5685389 bytes, checksum: 082b6b7ff9988cce9196ad87a26521b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / In this work, the domain structure of a transparent ferroelectric ceramic of (Pb0,79La0,21)TiO3 (PLT 21) was investigated in detail by piezoresponse force microscopu (PFM) and a protocol of measurements and analysis of the piezoresponse for the tridimensional reconstruction of the polarization in ferroelectric domains, including from mono and polycrystalline materials was developed. With this protocol, properties of domains and domain walls of the PLT 21 ceramic and of a PbTiO3 (PT) thin film were investigated. Three types of domains were recognized in the PLT 21 ceramic: domains separated by 180° walls, and domains separated by 90° walls in two scales, one in wich the domains have dimensions of about 1 μm and another with dimensions lower than 100 nm. Classical domain structures of lamellae and herringbones, and even more exotic structures as quadrants could be observed in PLT 21. This last one might suggest the existence of flux closure states of polarization in ferroelectric ceramics. In our knowledge this is the first time that quadrant structures are observed in ceramics. We could also observe in PLT 21 ceramic, ferroelectric domains that run through de grain boundary. Analysis of the reorientation of polarization by applying a localized BIAS field, revealed a strong electromechanical coupling in the sample, with the appearance of new 90° domain structure as a way to compensate local deformations generated by the poling process. The domain structure of the PT thin film revealed grains with monodomain structure and grains with polydomain structure, being the latter preferentially formed by 90° walls. The study of the reorientation of domains in the thin films of PT, showed the formation of a monodomain structure in the majority of the grains after the poling process, what significantly differs from the results of the PLT 21 ceramics. Lastly, thin films of Pb(Fe0,5Nb0,5)O3 (PFN) with good structural, microstructural and electrical properties were produced by radio frequency sputtering (R.F. Sputtering) with different thickness (50 nm 950 nm). The values of remnant polarization and coercive field of the hysteresis loop were 7 μC/cm2 and 70 kV/cm, respectively, which are bigger than many results found in the literature. Ferroelectric local properties were investigated in monolithic thin films (i.e., films that have a single grain in the thickness) of PFN and compared with the properties obtained in polycrystalline thin films of PT. / Neste trabalho, a estrutura de domínios de uma cerâmica transparente de (Pb0,79La0,21)TiO3 (PLT 21) foi detalhadamente investigada por microscopia de piezoresposta e um protocolo de medida e análise da piezoresposta para a reconstrução tridimensional da polarização de domínios em ferroelétricos, incluindo materiais mono e policristalinos, foi desenvolvido. Com este protocolo, as propriedades de domínios e paredes de domínios da cerâmica de PLT 21 e de um filme fino de PbTiO3 (PT) foram investigadas. Três tipos de domínios puderam ser reconhecidos na cerâmica de PLT 21: domínios separados por paredes 180° e domínios separados por paredes de 90° em duas escalas, uma em que os domínios têm dimensão de aproximadamente 1 μm e outra com dimensão menor que 100 nm. Estruturas de domínios clássicas como as lamelas e espinhas de peixes, até estruturas mais exóticas como a de quadrantes, puderam ser observadas no PLT 21. Essa última estrutura, pode sugerir a existência de estados de polarização de flux closure em cerâmicas ferroelétricas. Em nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira vez que estruturas de quadrantes são observadas em cerâmicas. Foi possível observar na cerâmica de PLT 21, domínios ferroelétricos que transpõe a barreira do contorno de grão. A análise da reorientação da polarização com a aplicação de campo localizado revelou um forte acoplamento eletromecânico na amostra, com o aparecimento de novas estruturas de domínios de 90° como forma de compensar as deformações locais geradas pelo processo de polarização. A estrutura de domínios de filme fino de PT apresentou grãos com estrutura de monodomínio e grãos com estrutura de polidomínios, sendo o último preferencialmente formado por paredes de 90°. Os estudos de reorientação dos domínios nos filmes de PT mostraram a formação de uma estrutura de monodomínios na maioria dos grãos após o processo de polarização, o que difere significativamente dos resultados obtidos cerâmicas de PLT 21. Por fim, filmes finos de Pb(Fe0,5Nb0,5)O3 (PFN) com boas propriedades estruturais e microestruturais e elétricas foram produzidos por sputtering em radiofrequência (R.F. Sputtering) com diferentes espessuras (50 nm até 950 nm). Os valores obtidos por histerese ferroelétrica foram de 7 μC/cm2 de polarização remanescente e 70 kV/cm de campo coercitivo, maiores do que a maioria dos resultados encontrados na literatura. Propriedades ferroelétricas locais foram investigadas nos filmes finos monolíticos (i.e., filmes formados por um único grão na espessura) de PFN e comparadas com as propriedades obtidas em filmes finos policristalinos de PT.