Orientador: Evelina Dagnino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:43:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feltran_GabrieldeSantis_D.pdf: 15382757 bytes, checksum: b57eedd89281a6216749f7b5d3add7fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese trata, de um modo específico, da relação contemporânea entre as periferias de São Paulo e a política. Seu objetivo central é etnografar as fronteiras, densamente políticas, que se conformam entre as periferias da cidade e o mundo público. A categoria fronteira é mobilizada por preservar o sentido de divisão, de demarcação, e por ser também, e sobretudo, uma norma de regulação dos fluxos que atravessam, e portanto conectam aquilo que se divide. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois registros empíricos distintos: i) o estudo de trajetórias e da vida cotidiana de adolescentes e famílias de Sapopemba (um distrito da zona Leste de São Paulo), de perfis heterogêneos, que de modos distintos são marcados pela presença do ¿mundo do crime¿ em suas histórias; e ii) o estudo das rotinas do Centro de Defesa dos Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes ¿Mônica Paião Trevisan¿ (CEDECA), organização que procura mediar o contato entre estes adolescentes e o mundo público. A descrição das situações de campo procura desvelar o funcionamento dessas fronteiras: iluminar seus fluxos e tensões mais freqüentes, os interesses em disputa e os atores que as controlam. Onde há fronteira há conflito, ainda que latente. E, se ela pode ser disputada, é comum, sobretudo em sociedades muito hierárquicas, que a latência ceda lugar à violência. Tratar da relação entre as periferias urbanas e o mundo público, em São Paulo, significa hoje também discutir as relações entre política e violência. Do debate apresentado no corpo da tese, extraio três argumentos centrais: i) o da resignificação de matrizes discursivas fundamentais no universo social das periferias urbanas, tais sejam, família, trabalho, religião e projeto de ascensão social, que nutre o que chamo de ¿expansão do mundo do crime¿ nas periferias (como ¿marco discursivo¿ e parâmetro de ¿sociabilidade¿, tanto quanto ¿criminalização¿); ii) o da ¿expansão da gestão do social¿ nas periferias ¿ no seu papel de mediação entre o universo dos adolescentes do bairro e a cena jurídico-política, onde se pretende fazer garantir seus direitos, o CEDECA e as organizações sociais das periferias se defrontam em suas trajetórias com o inchaço de suas rotinas de gestão, que se nutre da deficiência da rede de encaminhamentos externos dos casos atendidos, e que limita a tematização propriamente política de suas demandas (aquelas que visam à inserção de pautas e interesses dos adolescentes atendidos no debate público); iii) o da relação entre as diversas modalidades de violência social que transbordam das trajetórias estudadas e a violência política que se apresenta às trajetórias das lideranças do CEDECA sempre que, escapando dos limites impostos pela gestão e pelo crime local, conseguem agir politicamente. Nas notas finais, proponho a coexistência atual entre dois ordenamentos sociais nas periferias urbanas e em suas relações com a política. O primeiro é o código universalista da cidadania, e o segundo o código instrumental da violência, ambos constitutivos e necessários para a reprodução de um modelo de funcionamento institucional e social marcado pela manutenção de um mundo público formalmente democrático, e por uma dinâmica de distribuição dos lugares sociais marcada por extrema hierarquização / Abstract: This thesis discusses, in a specific way, the contemporary relationship between the poor neighborhoods of Sao Paulo and politics. Its central goal is to study the political borders between the periphery of the city and the public space. The category border is mobilized to preserve the sense of division, of demarcation, but also because it implies a regulation of the flows that cross and thus connect what is divided. The study was conducted through two empirical approaches: i) studying heterogeneous trajectories and everyday life of adolescents and families of Sapopemba (a neighborhood in Eastern São Paulo), and ii) following the routines of the Center for Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents "Mônica Paião Trevisan" (CEDECA), an organization that seeks to mediate the contact between adolescents and families of Sapopemba and the public world. The description of the fieldwork situations shows different dimensions of these borders: their flows and tensions, the interests in dispute and the actors that control them. In every border there are conflicts, even if latent. And if it can be disputed, it is common, especially in very hierarchical societies as the Brazilian one, that this latency gives rise to violence. To study the relationships between urban neighborhoods and the public world, in São Paulo today means also to discuss the relationships between politics and violence. That discussion, presented in the thesis, gives place to three arguments: i) the modification of fundamental discursive patterns in the social universe of urban peripheries, such as family, work, religion and projects for social mobility, which nourishes what I called "expansion of the world of crime" in the neighborhoods (understood as a discursive parameter, as sociability and as "criminalization"); ii) the expansion of the "management of the social" in the suburbs ¿ CEDECA, in his role of mediation between the universe of the adolescents and public scene, where it intends to ensure their rights, faces the increasing growth of its management routines. This growth is nourished by the fragility of the public network of services to ensure rights and restricts CEDECA¿s political actions, iii) the relationship between the different forms of social and political violences that appear in the fieldwork. The political violence appears in the trajectories of the leaders of the CEDECA when, escaping the limits imposed either by managerial burdens or by local organized crime, they are able to act politically. Finally, I suggest a coexistence between two current social orders in urban peripheries and in their relations with politics. The first is the code of citizenship, and the second code is that of violence, both constitutive and necessary for the reproduction of a model of institutional democratic functioning characterized by the maintenance of an extremely hierarchical and unequal social world / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as monografias premiadas do Concurso História de Bairros de São Paulo, refletindo sobre as escritas e narrativas da história que se fizeram presentes nessas produções. A partir dessas monografias buscamos entender a natureza do Concurso e a pertinência do mesmo ao ser promovido pela Secretaria Municipal de Cultura através da divisão de Patrimônio Histórico e do Arquivo Histórico Municipal , tendo sobrevivido por mais de três décadas. Neste período, o Concurso atravessou diferentes gestões, mudanças de partidos políticos, a ditadura militar e a redemocratização. Entendemos que a partir da análise das monografias premiadas do Concurso História de Bairros podemos encontrar diferentes elementos de reflexão sobre a importância e consumo do conhecimento histórico fora dos muros da universidade e refletir sobre a produção e divulgação das obras fronteiriças de história, inclusive como instrumento de divulgação do conhecimento histórico científico. / The aim of this research is to analyze the winners monographs of the Contest History of São Paulos neighborhoods, reflecting on the written narratives of history that were presented in these productions. Throughout these monographs, we seek to understand the nature of this Contest and its relevance to be promoted by The Municipal Secretariat of Culture over the division of the Historical Heritage and the State Historical Archive - having survived for over three decades, across different administrations, changes of political parties, the military dictatorship and the redemocratization. We comprehend that, from the analysis of monographs winning the Contest History of Neighborhoods, it is able to find different elements of reflection on the importance and absorption of historical knowledge outside the walls of university. It is also possible to reflect on the production and dissemination of boundary works of history, including them as a tool to diffuse the scientific historical knowledge.

Notre recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre de la problématique générale du développement et de la ville durable. En partant de l’analyse de notre environnement construit et notamment des réponses architecturales et urbaines à apporter en vue de diminuer de façon significative les émissions des gaz CO2, limiter l'effet de serre et préserver la biodiversité, nous nous sommes attachés à l'étude d'un écoquartier situé dans une ville emblématique du point de vue écologique, celle de Grenoble, et dans l'un de ses espaces urbains : la caserne de Bonne. Nous sommes partis de l'hypothèse que c'est tout d’abord au plan local, puis régional et national que l’on devra élaborer et mettre en pratique des solutions adaptées pour lutter contre toutes les formes de pollution, créer et innover en matière d'énergie renouvelable, tout en diminuant de façon progressive l'usage des énergies fossiles. C'est en tant qu'architecte urbaniste praticien que nous avons voulu apporter notre contribution dans ce domaine, en optant pour une analyse approfondie de l’écoquartier de l'ancienne caserne de Bonne à Grenoble. / Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict.

Physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods are important to resident satisfaction for clinical and nonclinical populations. This study draws upon data collected from a sample of 172 individuals with psychiatric disabilities living in 16 supportive housing sites in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Research questions explore the extent to which subjective and objective measures of neighborhood physical and social environments contribute to neighborhood satisfaction for this population. Mixed methods were employed to construct a detailed understanding of the factors that influence satisfaction with one's neighborhood of residence. Predictor variables were neighborhood social climate, neighborhood physical quality, perceptions of safety, crime reports, neighborhood diversity, and WalkScore data. This study found that aspects of the social environment collectively accounted for more variance in neighborhood satisfaction than physical environmental variables; further, subjective assessments of the environment were more predictive of neighborhood satisfaction than objective indicators. Qualitative data were collected on aspects of the neighborhood that residents liked and disliked. These data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to contextualize quantitative findings. Findings provide important information regarding neighborhood features that contribute to or detract from neighborhood satisfaction among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Supportive housing programs aiming to improve residents' well-being and increase residential tenure may consider looking to features of the neighborhood that most impact resident experiences.

Face aux hypothèses de mobilité généralisée de la société et d’affaiblissement de la dimension territoriale, il est démontré dans cette recherche l’importance du territoire de proximité – la maison et le quartier – en tant que support, et lieu personnel et stratégique permettant aux individus de surmonter les tensions qu’entraîne la modernité. Les individus sont, en effet, à la recherche d’un équilibre oscillant entre nomadisme et ancrage. Ainsi, il apparaît que la mobilité, bien loin de s’opposer, trouve à s’articuler avec l’ancrage dans la proximité.En concentrant les apports de la Géographie et de l’Ethnographie, une recherche a pu être menée dans trois quartiers de la ville de Santiago du Chili (quartiers qui se différencient par leur emplacement et par la composition socio-économique de leurs habitants). Cette recherche a été rendue possible grâce aux observations et aux visites réitérées et prolongées sur les différents terrains d’étude ainsi qu’à la réalisation de 51 entretiens approfondis avec les habitants de ces quartiers.Il est avancé dans ce travail que ces derniers cherchent à s’insérer socio-spatialement en s’inscrivant dans la proximité afin de faire face à une exigence toujours plus forte de mobilité. A cette fin, il est démontré comment la maison et le quartier deviennent un point d’ancrage substantiel des différents modes de vie.Cette recherche soutient que c’est l’ancrage dans le territoire de proximité qui rend possible l’exploration des différentes échelles de la ville.Aller loin, voyager, se déplacer sur de longues distances n’implique pas nécessairement une rupture avec le lieu d’origine, avec la famille, ou avec l’environnement quotidien. Au contraire, c’est le support dans la proximité qui permet à de nombreuses pratiques de mobilité de pouvoir se réaliser.Trois archétypes de la proximité en tant que support ont été identifiés dans cette recherche : les locaux, les métropolitains et les repliés, démontrant ainsi que le rôle de l’échelle du quartier prends la forme d’une oscillation entre enracinement et mobilité, entre rejet et confinement. / Contrary to the assumptions/ postulates of a generalized mobility of society and the weakening of the territorial dimension, this research demonstrates the importance of the proximity of the territory - home and neighborhood - as a support place, a very suitable and strategic place to deal with the tensions modern life brings. Indeed, individuals seek for a balance that takes the form of an oscillation between nomadism and anchorage, which proves that mobility rather than opposing, articulates with the anchorage in the proximity.Gathering information from the Geography and Ethnography, research was carried out in three neighborhoods of the city of Santiago de Chile (different neighborhoods in terms of location and socioeconomic composition), the investigation consisted on observations and repeated and prolonged visits to the places mentioned and the execution of 51 in-depth conversations with its inhabitants. It is suggested that they seek a sociospacial insertion marked by proximity as a way to cope with an increasing demand for mobility, showing how the house and the neighborhood becomes a substantial anchor point of lifestyles.This research argues that is the anchorage in the territory of proximity that makes it possible to explore the city at various scales. Going away, traveling, moving long distances does not necessarily imply a rupture with the place of origin, with family, with the everyday environment, however, is the support in the proximity which allows many daily mobility practices to be made. Three archetypes of proximity and support were identified in this research: the locals, the metropolitans and the retracted, showing that the role of neighborhood scale exists as an oscillation between rootedness and mobility, between rejection and confinement. / Contrariamente a los postulados de una movilidad generalizada de la sociedad y el debilitamiento de la dimensión territorial, se demuestra en esta investigación la importancia del territorio de proximidad – casa y barrio – como espacio soporte, lugar propio y estratégico para hacer frente a las tensiones que trae la modernidad. En efecto, los individuos buscan un equilibrio que toma la forma de una oscilación entre nomadismo y anclaje, que da cuenta que la movilidad más que oponerse se articula con el anclaje en la proximidad.Reuniendo los aportes de la Geografía y la Etnografía se realizó una investigación en tres barrios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile (barrios distintos en términos de localización y composición socioeconómica), que consistió en observaciones y visitas reiteradas y prolongadas a dichos terrenos así como la realización de 51 conversaciones a profundidad con sus habitantes. Se plantea que ellos buscan una inserción socioespacial marcada por la proximidad como forma de hacer frente a una exigencia cada vez mayor a la movilidad, demostrando como la casa y el barrio se constituye en un punto de anclaje substancial de los modos de vida.Esta investigación sostiene que es el anclaje en el territorio de proximidad lo que hace posible la exploración de la ciudad en sus diversas escalas. Ir lejos, viajar, desplazarse largas distancias no implica necesariamente una ruptura con el lugar de origen, con la familia, con el medio ambiente cotidiano, por el contrario, es el soporte en la proximidad lo que permite que muchas prácticas de movilidad cotidiana puedan realizarse. Tres arquetipos de la proximidad como soporte fueron identificados en esta investigación: los locales, los metropolitanos y los replegados, mostrando que el rol de la escala barrial existe como una oscilación entre arraigo y movilidad, entre rechazo y confinamiento.

No description available.

El creciente deterioro del centro de la ciudad y el imparable aumento del déficit de viviendas en Lima obliga a tomar una perspectiva distinta para abordar ambos problemas desde un solo punto de vista. Proponiendo intervenciones de vivienda social a través de Conjuntos Residenciales de manera precisa dentro de estas zonas urbanas deterioradas, se plantea un orden urbano en medio de la tugurización y el hacinamiento que caracterizan estos distritos centrales. Bajo este concepto, el Conjunto Residencial busca consolidarse como parte de esta zona deteriorada y de esta manera consolidar también la zona en si para que los beneficios de estas nuevas viviendas y equipamientos sean un principio de rehabilitación urbana para zonas urbanas en deterioro. / The growing deterioration of the city center and the unstoppable increase in the housing deficit in Lima make it necessary to take a different perspective to address both problems from a single point of view. By proposing interventions of social housing through a Residential Complex within these deteriorated urban areas, an urban order is proposed in the midst of the slum and overcrowding that characterizes these central districts. Under this concept, the Residential Complex seeks to consolidate as part of this deteriorated area and thus also consolidate the area itself so that the benefits of these new homes and services become the first steps towards a rehabilitation for urban areas in decline. / Tesis

Moravský Krumlov is a town on the Rokytná river in the Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region. The city with a unique panorama struggle with the separation of its individual districts and an insufficient network of pedestrian paths. The separation of the district is caused by the relief of the terrain, the river and its floodplain, as well as the part of industrial areas around the historic center. In my diploma thesis I deal with the space adjacent to the historical center, which I call the area under castle. It is bordered by the middle meander of the river Rokytná. At present, there are industrial areas that limit the movement of people between all parts of the city, prevent the use of space around the river and reduce the attractiveness of the city. In my design, I am creating a new residential development with quality public spaces. I also propose a network of pedestrian paths, which will provide good access to the area under castle and connections to other parts of the city. The project supports the concentration of inhabitants near the historic center and naturally unites the city into one functioning whole.

This thesis is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews that were conducted with six highly educated young second-generation immigrants from the deprived neighborhood of Bäckby in Västerås. By aiming to understand how the participants portray their substantive citizenship and its impact upon political participation as an essential pillar of Swedish democracy, the author focused upon how the participants described their perceived discrimination, sense of belonging, transnationalism, and political participation. The answers were transcribed using the intelligent verbatim method and coded deductively based on a wide range of relevant literature. Among many findings, the study showed that the participants were aware of the bright barrier framing their place of comfort as well as they were highly attached to Bäckby. However, the majority of the participants considered the homeland to be a country outside of Sweden. Peregrinus citizenship was the outcome of the author's interpretations of the participants' substantive citizenship, which also was a possible explanation of the low interest in politics that the participants illustrated through their answers. Among the study's conclusions was stated that the second-generation immigrants are not only a risk group because of social risk factors present within the deprived neighborhood, but also because of the similar factors present outside of it. / Det här examensarbete är en kvalitativ studie baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med sex högutbildade unga andra generationens invandrare från den eftersatta stadsdelen Bäckby i Västerås. Genom att försöka förstå hur deltagarna framställer sitt substantivmedborgarskap och dess inverkan på det politiska deltagandet som en viktig pelare i den svenska demokratin fokuserade författaren på hur deltagarna beskrev sin upplevda diskriminering, känsla av tillhörighet, transnationalism och politiskt deltagande. Svaren transkriberades med hjälp av den intelligenta Verbatim metoden och kodade deduktivt baserat på ett brett spektrum av relevant litteratur. Bland många fynd visade studien att deltagarna var medvetna om den ljusa barriären som inramade sin komfortplats och de var mycket fästa vid Bäckby. Majoriteten av deltagarna ansåg dock att hemlandet var ett land utanför Sverige. Peregrinus medborgarskap var resultatet av författarens tolkningar av deltagarnas substantivmedborgarskap, vilket också var en möjlig förklaring till det låga intresse för politik som deltagarna illustrerade genom sina svar. Bland studiens slutsatser uppgavs att andra generationens invandrare är inte bara en riskgrupp på grund av sociala riskfaktorer som finns inom det utsatta området, utan också på grund av liknande faktorer som finns utanför det.

There is a low supply of the missing middle housing types (MMH) in walkable urban core neighborhoods. That is, a variety of compact low- to mid-rise housing in walkable areas that are accessible to entertainment, recreational and other amenities. The largest demographic, the millennials, followed by the baby boomers, prefer the MMH types. The MMH types is a new name for a variety of compact housing types that existed in traditional neighborhoods in urban areas pre-World War II. However, due to changes in housing preferences after World War II, the requisite land use and zoning changes facilitated larger single-family homes phasing out the MMH types. Efforts to reintroduce the MMH types is these areas are met with opposition. This research investigates increasing the supply of the MMH types in walkable urban core neighborhoods. The literature review reveals, prior to this one, no academic study at this level was done to understand how to increase the supply of MMH types in these areas. This research explores the views of stakeholders in urban planning and various professions related to housing and the MMH types in the Tampa Bay Area, to better understand the issues involved in the low supply of the MMH types in urban core areas. The data for this qualitative research was guided by a grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2014) and was derived from thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to find out what factors inhibit and ways to improve the supply of the MMH types in the Tampa Bay area.