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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

Molecular factors influencing nerve growth : studies on the developing rodent trigeminal ganglion and tooth pulp /

Lillesaar, Christina, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
222

Regulation of G-protein gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels by tyrosine phosphorylation /

Ippolito, Danielle Lorraine. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-167).
223

Transcriptional regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2): implication in re-myelination and/or myelin repair in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS)

Khorshid Ahmad, Tina Jr 13 January 2015 (has links)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by the destruction of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Although the neurotrophin, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a beneficial role in re-myelination and/or myelin repair, these effects are hampered by the over-expression of a transcriptional repressor isoform of methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) called MeCP2E1. We hypothesize that following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) -induced myelin damage, the immune system induction of the pathogenic MeCP2E1 isoform hampers the re-myelination and/or myelin repair process by repressing BDNF expression. Our research identified the temporal gene and protein expression changes of MeCP2E1, MeCP2E2 and BDNF in an EAE mouse model of MS, and correlated them with the changes in the neurological disability scores (NDS). Our results indicated MeCP2E1 mRNA levels are elevated in EAE animals which is responsible for the repressed BDNF production in the spinal cord that prevents re-myelination and/or myelin repair. / February 2016
224

A associação entre níveis de BDNF e de estrogênio em mulheres com transtorno bipolar

Sulzbach, Miréia Fortes Vianna January 2011 (has links)
Contexto: As oscilações hormonais ao longo da vida estão associadas às variações de humor em mulheres normais. O estrógeno (E) parece estar associado aos níveis de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) em voluntárias saudáveis. No entanto, essa associação não foi investigada em pacientes com transtorno bipolar (TB). Sabe-se que os episódios de humor do TB estão associados a alterações dos níveis de BDNF; entretanto, não está claro o papel dos hormônios femininos. Objetivo: investigar a existência de uma possível associação entre os níveis de BDNF e os níveis de hormônios do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal em mulheres com TB, incluindo pacientes durante o período reprodutivo e também na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Mulheres eutímicas (HAM-D e YMRS com escores menores que 8) com transtorno bipolar I(TB I), II (TB II) ou transtorno bipolar sem outra especificação (TB SOE) foram incluídas. As pacientes em idade reprodutiva tinham ciclos menstruais regulares (CMR) e não faziam uso de nenhum tipo de contracepção hormonal (CH); e as na pós-menopausa não estavam em uso de terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH). Condições endócrinas instáveis foram consideradas um fator de exclusão. Todas as pacientes estavam em tratamento farmacológico, associado ou não a intervenções psicossociais. Amostras de sangue foram retiradas para as medidas de BDNF, estrogênio (E), progesterona (P), LH e FSH, sendo coletadas nas fases folicular (FF) e lútea (FL) do ciclo menstrual, e uma única vez nas mulheres na pós-menopausa. Os diagnósticos foram confirmados através de entrevista clínica estruturada para o DSM-IV Transtornos do Eixo I (SCID-I), administrado por investigadores treinados. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 96 pacientes com TB. Destas, 64 não preenchiam critérios de inclusão ou apresentavam fatores de exclusão. Foram estudadas 32 mulheres com idades entre 22 e 69 anos (média = 52,78 anos). Considerando toda a amostra, o BDNF apresentou uma correlação positiva com os níveis de estradiol (r = 0,36, p = 0,043). Nas pacientes em período reprodutivo, na fase lútea(FL), houve uma correlação negativa entre o BDNF e o FSH (r = 0,831, p = 0,040). Um resultado semelhante foi encontrado com os níveis de LH (r = 0,908, p= 0,012) nessa mesma fase do ciclo menstrual. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados na amostra de mulheres com TB foram semelhantes aos descritos na literatura em indivíduos saudáveis, que também apresentam correlação entre E e BDNF (Begliuomini et al., 2007). Estes achados indicam que o estímulo estrogênico pode ser importante na manutenção de s níveis fisiológicos de BDNF. A partir desses resultados novas vias devem ser incluídas na investigação na fisiopatologia das alterações de humor relacionadas a variações hormonais, bem como ao tratamento do TB. Além disso, ressalta a importância de incluir as variações hormonais femininas na equação diagnóstica e prognóstica do TB. / Background: Background: Hormonal oscilations across lifetime have been associated with mood variations in healthy women. Oestrogen (E) seems to be associated with Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in healthy volunteers. This assictaion was not studied in women with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Mood episodes of BD are associated with reductions in BDNF levels, although the role of feminine hormones in pathophysiology of BD hás not been completely studied. Objective: To investigate the association between BDNF levels and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in women with BD, comparing a group during reproductive years with a menopausal group. In addition, differences across the two phases of menstrual cycle were also evaluated in the group during reproductive years. Methods: Women euthymic (HAM-D and YMRS scoring less than 8) with bipolar I, II or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified were included. Patients of reproductive age had regular menstrual cycles (RMC) and did not use any type of hormonal contraception (CH) and postmenopausal were not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Endocrine instable conditions were considered an exclusion factor. All patients were on pharmacotherapy, associed or not with psychosocial interventions. Blood samples withdrawn for measures of BDNF, oestrogen (E), progesterone (P), LH and FSH levels, being collected in the follicular phase (FP) and luteal (FL) of the menstrual cycle, menopausal women were held only one blood sample. Diagnoses were assessed using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), administered by certified investigators. Results: Ninety six patients with BD were evaluated, of these, 64 did not meet inclusion criteria or met exclusion factors. The sample was constituted by 32 women with BD aged 22 to 69 years (mean = 52.78 years). Considering the whole sample, the BDNF was significantly correlated with estradiol levels (r = 0.36, p = 0.043). In patients in reproductive period, in the luteal phase, there was a negative correlation with FSH (r = 0.831, p = 0.040). A similar result was found with levels o LH (r = 0.908, p = 0.012) in the same menstrual cycle phase. Conclusion: The results found in the sample of women with TB were similar to those previously reported in healthy subjects, which also show a correlation between E and BDNF (Begliuomini et al., 2007). These findings indicate that estrogenic stimulation may be important in maintaining physiological BDNF levels. From these results, new avenues should be included in research on the pathophysiology of mood swings related to hormonal changes as well as the treatment of TB. Furthermore, the importance of including female hormonal changes in the equation of TB diagnostic and.
225

Biomarcadores séricos e prognóstico no acidente vascular cerebral

Backes, Fabiane Neiva January 2015 (has links)
Fundamentação: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo e a maioria dos sobreviventes permanece com alguma sequela neurológica após o evento agudo. O presente estudo objetiva investigar a associação de alguns biomarcadores sanguíneos com as escalas de AVC, bem como avaliar a capacidade dos biomarcadores selecionados na predição de desfechos neurológicos durante o tempo de acompanhamento. Material e Métodos: Incluímos nesse estudo 60 pacientes com AVC agudo admitidos na unidade neurovascular da emergência ou na unidade de medicina intensiva do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, nas primeiras 24 horas do início dos sintomas. Foram coletas amostras sanguíneas nas primeiras 24 horas, no terceiro e no quinto dias após o AVC para dosagem de enolase neurônio específica (ENS), proteína S100ß (S100ß), interleucina 6 (IL-6), proteína C reativa (PCR) e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF). A gravidade do AVC e o grau de dependência funcional dos pacientes após o AVC foram mensurados através das escalas do National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) e modified Rankin Scale (mRS) nos três momentos das coletas sanguíneas e na alta hospitalar. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de S100ß, IL-6 e PCR mostraram-se o melhor painel de biomarcadores após o AVC nesse estudo. Quando os pacientes foram subdivididos em dois grupos para a avaliação de desfechos neurológicos, usando as escalas do NIHSS (NIHSS ≤ 6 e NHISS > 6) e mRS (mRS ≤ 3 e mRS > 3), ambas as escalas apresentaram boa associação entre as concentrações de S100ß e de IL-6 em todas as medidas e as escalas de AVC para bom prognóstico (NIHSS ≤ 6 e mRS ≤ 3) na alta hospitalar. Dentre os biomarcadores selecionados para o estudo, foram os três citados acima que apresentaram as melhores correlações com as escalas de AVC e com o prognóstico pós AVC durante o tempo de acompanhamento. Conclusão: Os biomarcadores séricos podem ser úteis na avaliação da gravidade e do prognóstico após o AVC. A associação de S100ß, IL-6 e PCR parece acrescentar pouco às escalas validadas de AVC na capacidade de predizer desfechos após o evento agudo. / Background and Purpose: Stroke is an important cause of death worldwide, and the majority of stroke survivors suffer from some form of residual disability. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood biomarkers with stroke scales and their predictive value after acute stroke at the time of admission until hospital discharge. Design and Methods: We investigated 60 patients with acute stroke who were admitted within 24 h of event onset at the intensive care unit or neurovascular emergency unit of Clínicas Hospital. All patients provided venous blood samples for the measurement of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100ß protein (S100ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) within 24 h of the acute event, on the third day and on the fifth day after the stroke. Neurological stroke severity and global disability were determined with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at the same three times of blood collection and at the time of hospital discharge. Results: The serum levels of the S100ß protein, IL-6 and CRP seem to constitute the best panel of biomarkers after acute stroke in this study. When patients were subdivided into two groups according to the NIHSS (NIHSS ≤ 6 and NIHSS > 6) and mRS (mRS ≤ 3 and mRS > 3) scores, which were used as neurological outcome measures, both neurologic scores for good outcome (NIHSS ≤ 6 and mRS ≤ 3) at hospital discharge were significantly related to the S100ß protein and IL-6 levels at all of the measured time points. Among the analyzed blood markers, S100ß, IL-6 and PCR levels significanttly correlated with the stroke scales and prognostic value. Conclusion: Blood biomarkers may be useful in acute stroke either by suggesting stroke severity or providing a prognostic value. The addition of the S100ß protein, IL-6 and CRP to previously validated stroke scales slightly improves the ability of these scales to predict outcome.
226

Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs Act As Inhibitors of BDNF in Prefrontal Cortex - Implications for Schizophrenia: A Dissertation

Mellios, Nikolaos 13 March 2009 (has links)
During my thesis work I studied the expression and potential function of brain expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in human prefrontal cortex (PFC). Initially, I used combinatorial computational analysis and microarray data to identify miRNAs that are predicted with high probability to target the human Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) 3’ Untranslated Region (3’UTR) and are expressed in moderate to high levels in adult human prefrontal cortex. A subset of 10 miRNAs segregating into 5 different miRNA families (miR-30a-d, miR-103/107, miR-16/195, miR-191 and miR-495) met the above criteria. I then designed a protocol to detect these miRNAs with Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) in situ hybridization in human prefrontal cortex and determine their layer and cellular expression patterns. LNA in situ revealed differential lamina and cellular enrichment of BDNF-related miRNAs. As an example, miR-30a-5p was found to be enriched in large pyramidal neurons of layer 3, which was verified using laser capture microdissection of layer 3 pyramidal neurons and quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) following dissection of upper and deeper layers of human PFC. Parallel to this, I used miRNA qRT-PCR to determine the developmental expression of miRNAs using postmortem PFC tissues ranging from embryonic age to old adulthood and compared miRNA to BDNF protein levels. My results revealed a robust inverse correlation between BDNF-related miRNAs and BDNF protein during late maturation and aging of human prefrontal cortex. In vitro luciferase assays and/or lentivirus mediated neuronal miRNA overexpression experiments validated that at least two miRNAs, miR-30a-5p and miR-195, target human BDNF 3’UTR and mediate its translational repression. In the second part of my thesis work I measured levels of miR-30a and miR-195 in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia and compared them with levels of BDNF protein and BDNF-related GABAergic mRNAs. According to my results differences in miR-195 levels in a subset of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia were found to be associated with disease related changes in BDNF protein levels and deficits in BDNF dependent GABAergic gene expression. In the last part of my work I focused on miR-30b, another member of the miR-30 family, which I found to be reduced in the prefrontal cortex of female but not male subjects with schizophrenia. More importantly, disease related changes in miR-30b levels were strongly associated with the age of onset of the disease. Additional experiments in mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed a gender dimorphic expression pattern of this miRNA with higher expression in female brain. Collectively, my results suggest that miRNAs could participate in novel molecular pathways that play an important role during cortical development and maturation and are potentially linked to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disease.
227

Efeitos do exercício físico sobre a memória e sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e moleculares no hipocampo e no músculo de ratos senescentes

Vanzella, Cláudia January 2017 (has links)
O envelhecimento é um processo no qual ocorrem alterações estruturais e funcionais da maioria dos órgãos, que podem levar ao aumento da susceptibilidade a várias doenças associadas à idade. Assim, várias estratégias têm sido investigadas a fim de se reduzir os sintomas relacionados à idade e o exercício físico tem demonstrado efeito neuroprotetor em diferentes modelos experimentais. Nesta tese, investigamos os efeitos do exercício físico moderado sobre a memória e sobre parâmetros bioquímicos no hipocampo e no músculo sóleo de ratos Wistar de 3, 6 e 22 meses de idade. Para isso, foram realizados três experimentos distintos que deram origem aos três capítulos apresentados na tese. No primeiro experimento, estudamos o efeito do exercício físico em ratos de 3 e 22 meses de idade. Neste experimento, o exercício preveniu o déficit de aquisição da memória de referência relacionado à idade. Além disso, preveniu o aumento do estresse oxidativo no hipocampo de ratos envelhecidos e também promoveu o aumento da expressão dos fatores neurotróficos BDNF, NT-3 e IGF-1 no hipocampo destes animais. É importante ressaltar que houve uma correlação positiva entre a redução do estresse oxidativo e a latência para encontrar a plataforma no 5º dia de treino na tarefa de memória de referência, ou seja, a redução do conteúdo de espécies reativas e da lipoperoxidação pelo exercício está correlacionada com a melhora do desempenho de memória dos ratos envelhecidos. No segundo experimento, avaliamos o efeito do exercício físico em ratos de 3, 6 e 22 meses de idade. Corroborando com os resultados apresentados no experimento anterior, foi demonstrado que o exercício físico moderado preveniu os déficits de memória espacial de referência e de trabalho relacionados à idade. O treinamento cognitivo no Water maze aumentou a atividade das enzimas Na+,K+- ATPase e AChE no hipocampo de ratos adultos e envelhecidos. O aumento na atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase foi ainda maior nos ratos envelhecidos submetidos ao exercício físico combinado com o treinamento cognitivo. Além disso, foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase no hipocampo dos ratos envelhecidos exercitados e a latência para encontrar a plataforma no 5º dia de treino na tarefa de memória de referência, ou seja, o aumento da atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase está associado com a melhora do desempenho de memória relacionado ao exercício físico. De acordo com esses dados, também foi observada uma correlação negativa entre a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase e a diferença (delta) entre a média das latências entre os trials 1 e 4 na tarefa de memória de trabalho, o que demonstra que os ratos envelhecidos exercitados apresentaram um melhor desempenho na tarefa de memória de trabalho associado com o aumento na atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase. No terceiro experimento, investigamos o efeito do exercício físico em ratos de 3 e 22 meses de idade. O exercício aumentou o conteúdo de espécies reativas e a lipoperoxidação no músculo sóleo de ratos jovens. Ratos envelhecidos apresentaram um aumento da lipoperoxidação e uma redução na atividade da enzima catalase. O exercício induziu um aumento dos níveis de espécies reativas, uma redução no conteúdo de sulfidrilas e o aumento de proteínas carboniladas; contudo, promoveu o aumento da atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase e catalase no sóleo dos ratos envelhecidos. Assim, os resultados do primeiro e do segundo experimento demonstram que o exercício físico preveniu o declínio da memória espacial relacionado à idade e que esse efeito pode ser mediado por fatores que incluem a redução do estresse oxidativo, o aumento da expressão de fatores neurotróficos e o aumento da atividade da enzima Na+,K+-ATPase no hipocampo de ratos envelhecidos. Os resultados do músculo demonstram que o sóleo dos ratos jovens, embora susceptível ao aumento das espécies reativas e lipoperoxidação, não apresentou dano às proteínas, sugerindo que outros mecanismos, como o sistema de defesa antioxidante não enzimático, possam estar atuando para compensar os efeitos do exercício. Além disso, o músculo dos ratos envelhecidos parece ser mais sensível que o dos ratos jovens às alterações do estado oxidativo celular induzidas pelo exercício físico, porque apesar dos animais envelhecidos exercitados apresentarem um aumento na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, não houve uma redução do dano oxidativo. / Aging is a process in which structural and functional changes occur in most organs and may lead to increased susceptibility to various age-related diseases. Several approaches have been investigated with the aim of reducing age-related symptoms and physical exercise is a therapeutic strategy that has presented neuroprotective action in different experimental models. In this context, some studies show that regular physical exercise is related to the improvement of quality of life and to the prevention of age-related cognitive decline. In the present thesis, we investigated the effect of moderate physical exercise on memory and on biochemical parameters in the hippocampus and soleus muscle in 3, 6 and 22 months-old rats. For that, three different experiments were carried out, which gave rise to the three chapters presented in this thesis. In the first experiment, we studied the effect of physical exercise in 3 and 22 months-old rats. In this experiment, the exercise prevented the age-related acquisition deficit of reference memory. In addition, exercise prevented the increased in oxidative stress and also was able to increase the expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, NT-3 and IGF-1 in the hippocampus of aged rats. It is important to note that there was a positive correlation between the reduction of oxidative stress and latency to find the platform on the 5th day of training in the reference memory task, i.e., reduction of reactive species levels and lipid peroxidation, might be associated with the exercise-related memory improvement. In the second experiment, we evaluated the effect of physical exercise in 3, 6 and 22 months-old rats. Corroborating with the results presented in the previous experiment, it was demonstrated that moderate physical exercise prevented age-related spatial reference and working memory deficits. It has also been shown that the cognitive training in Water maze increased the activity of the Na+,K+-ATPase and AChE enzymes in the hippocampus of adult and aged rats. The increase in Na+,K+-ATPase activity was even further increased in aged rats that were submitted to physical exercise combined with cognitive training. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus of aged exercised rats and the latency to find the platform on the 5th day of training in the reference memory task, i.e., the increase in Na+,K+-ATPase activity is associated with the exercise-related memory improvement in aged rats. Consistently, a negative correlation between the Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the difference (delta) between the mean latencies of trials 1 and 4 in the working memory task was also found, i.e., the exercised aged rats showed better performance in the working memory task associated with the increase in Na+,K+-ATPase activity. In the third experiment, we investigated the effect of physical exercise in 3 and 22 months-old rats. Exercise increased the reactive species content and lipid peroxidation in soleus muscle of young rats. Aged rats showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the catalase activity. Exercise induced an increase in reactive species levels, a reduction in sulfhydryl content and an increase in carbonyl proteins; however, the exercise was able to increase the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the soleus of aged rats. Thus, the results of first and second experiments demonstrate that physical exercise prevents the age-related decline of spatial memory and this effect might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress, increased expression of neurotrophic factors and the increase in the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus of aged rats. The muscle results demonstrate that soleus of young rats, although susceptible to the increased in reactive species and lipid peroxidation, showed no damage to proteins, suggesting that other mechanisms, such as the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system, may be acting to compensate the effects of exercise. In addition, the muscle of the aged rats seems to be more sensitive than the young rats to changes in the cellular oxidative state induced by exercise, since aged exercised animals showed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but there was no reduction of oxidative damage.
228

Adaptação e validação para o português do Brasil da escalas de catastrofismo em crianças com e sem dor crônica

Schneider, Larissa January 2016 (has links)
Base Teórica: A prevalência de dor crônica na infância é bem documentada e estima-se que atinja entre 20 a 35% da população pediátrica, podendo causar enorme sofrimento em seus portadores, inaptidões pessoais e ser acompanhada de sintomas emocionais importantes. O manejo dessas criancas inclui a compreensão dos fatores biomecânicos, psicológicos e socioculturais associados ao seu contexto. Dentre os fatores psíquicos o pensamento catastrófico sobre a dor, definido como uma resposta negativa exagerada a mesma, tem sido identificado como uma estratégia adaptativa às circunstâncias. A escala de avaliação do pensamento catastrófico em crianças - Pain Catastrophizing Scale – child version (PCS-C), adaptada da escala para adultos, já está validada em diferentes línguas, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o catastrofismo em crianças brasileiras. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é validar e adaptar a PCS-C para o português do Brasil, examinar as propriedades psicométricas, bem como a estrutura fatorial da escala, e sua correlação com a dor e suas consequências em crianças com e sem dor crônica. Métodos: A versão em português do Brasil foi modificada por um grupo de especialistas a fim de torná-la apropriada para aplicação em crianças entre 7-12 anos. Para avaliar as propriedades psicométricas, 100 crianças (44 com dor crônica e 56 saudáveis) responderam a versão brasileira da PCS-C (BPCS-C). Também foram questionadas quanto aos níveis de dor e quanto à capacidade funcional durante atividades da prática de educação física na escola. Ainda, amostras de saliva foram passivamente coletadas a fim de se medir o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF). O subgrupo de crianças com dor crônica foi recrutado dos ambulatórios de gastro pediatria, oncologia e reumatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e o subgrupo de crianças saudáveis foi recrutado de uma escola pública. Resultados: O estudo mostrou uma boa consistência interna do instrumento (alfa de Crombach: 0,81 para o escore total da BPCS-C). Tanto a análise paralela, quanto a análise fatorial exploratória identificaram 2 dimensões (fatores) no instrumento. A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou os melhores valores de ajustamento (CFI, confirmatory fit-index) quando comparada a outros modelos já existentes. Os escores totais da BPCS-C não diferiram entre as crianças com dor crônica e as saudáveis. No entanto, a dificuldade progressiva de realizar as atividades da Educação Física na escola foi associada com o catastrofismo (p=0,019) nos pacientes com dor crônica. BDNF salivar apresentou fraca associação (r=0,27 p=0,012) com o catastrofismo. Conclusão: Os resultados suportam a validade e confiabilidade da BPCS-C. A estrutura de 2 fatores apresentou adequado ajustamento podendo ser usada, mesmo que diferindo do número de fatores da escala original, pois escore total é o valor mais utilizado para composição do diagnóstico. A ausência de diferença entre os escores nas crianças doentes e saudáveis sugere a necessidade de estudos mais profundos sobre a catastrofização em crianças e a necessidade de instrumentos específicos, e não apenas adaptação daqueles utilizados em adultos. / Introduction: The prevalence of chronic pain in childhood is well documented and is estimated to reach 20 and 35% of the pediatric population. Chronica pain can cause enormous suffering, personal miscarriages and it can be accompanied by important emotional symptoms. The management of these children includes understanding the biomechanical, psychological and sociocultural factors associated in this context. Among the psychic factors, catastrophic thinking about pain is identified as an adaptive strategy to the circumstances. The instrument for catastrophic thinking evaluation in children - Pain Catastrophizing Scale - child version (PCS-C), adapted from the scale for adults, is already validated in different languages, however little is known about catastrophism in Brazilian children. Objectives:. With this cross-sectional study, we aim to adapt the Brazilian version of the PCS-C (BPCS-C) and to examine the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the scale for children with and without chronic pain. Methods: The Brazilian version of the PCS-C was modified by a group of experts to appropriate it for children between 7-12 years. To asses the psychometric properties of the version, 100 children (44 with chronic pain and 56 healthy children) answered the BPCS-C, the visual analog scale and one functional school activity question. It was also collected a passive salivary sample to measure BDNF. The chronic pain children sample was recruited from the gastropediatric, oncologic, and reumatologic ambulatories at a tertiary hospital and the healthy children from a fifth grade public school. Results: We observed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s value of 0.81 for the total BPCS-C). Both parallel analysis and exploratory factorial analysis retained 2 factors for instrument dimensions. The confirmatory factorial analysis presented the best adjustment values (CFI, confirmatory fit-index) when compared to other existing pre-existing models. BPCS-C total scores were not diferente between chronic pain and healthy children. However, the progressive difficulty of performing physical education activities at school was associated with catastrophism (p = 0.019) in patients with chronic pain. 6 Salivary BDNF presented a weak association (r = 0.27 p = 0.012) with catastrophism. Discussion: The results support the validity and reliability of BPCS-C. The 2-factors structure presented an adequate adjustment and can be used for brazilian children population. Although different from the number of factors of the original scale, the instrument measured the most used value for diagnosis, total score. The lack of difference between scores in chronic pain and healthy children suggests the necessity of further studies on catastrophizing in children, as well as for specific instruments, instead of simple adaptation of those used in adults.
229

A associação entre níveis de BDNF e de estrogênio em mulheres com transtorno bipolar

Sulzbach, Miréia Fortes Vianna January 2011 (has links)
Contexto: As oscilações hormonais ao longo da vida estão associadas às variações de humor em mulheres normais. O estrógeno (E) parece estar associado aos níveis de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) em voluntárias saudáveis. No entanto, essa associação não foi investigada em pacientes com transtorno bipolar (TB). Sabe-se que os episódios de humor do TB estão associados a alterações dos níveis de BDNF; entretanto, não está claro o papel dos hormônios femininos. Objetivo: investigar a existência de uma possível associação entre os níveis de BDNF e os níveis de hormônios do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal em mulheres com TB, incluindo pacientes durante o período reprodutivo e também na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Mulheres eutímicas (HAM-D e YMRS com escores menores que 8) com transtorno bipolar I(TB I), II (TB II) ou transtorno bipolar sem outra especificação (TB SOE) foram incluídas. As pacientes em idade reprodutiva tinham ciclos menstruais regulares (CMR) e não faziam uso de nenhum tipo de contracepção hormonal (CH); e as na pós-menopausa não estavam em uso de terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH). Condições endócrinas instáveis foram consideradas um fator de exclusão. Todas as pacientes estavam em tratamento farmacológico, associado ou não a intervenções psicossociais. Amostras de sangue foram retiradas para as medidas de BDNF, estrogênio (E), progesterona (P), LH e FSH, sendo coletadas nas fases folicular (FF) e lútea (FL) do ciclo menstrual, e uma única vez nas mulheres na pós-menopausa. Os diagnósticos foram confirmados através de entrevista clínica estruturada para o DSM-IV Transtornos do Eixo I (SCID-I), administrado por investigadores treinados. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 96 pacientes com TB. Destas, 64 não preenchiam critérios de inclusão ou apresentavam fatores de exclusão. Foram estudadas 32 mulheres com idades entre 22 e 69 anos (média = 52,78 anos). Considerando toda a amostra, o BDNF apresentou uma correlação positiva com os níveis de estradiol (r = 0,36, p = 0,043). Nas pacientes em período reprodutivo, na fase lútea(FL), houve uma correlação negativa entre o BDNF e o FSH (r = 0,831, p = 0,040). Um resultado semelhante foi encontrado com os níveis de LH (r = 0,908, p= 0,012) nessa mesma fase do ciclo menstrual. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados na amostra de mulheres com TB foram semelhantes aos descritos na literatura em indivíduos saudáveis, que também apresentam correlação entre E e BDNF (Begliuomini et al., 2007). Estes achados indicam que o estímulo estrogênico pode ser importante na manutenção de s níveis fisiológicos de BDNF. A partir desses resultados novas vias devem ser incluídas na investigação na fisiopatologia das alterações de humor relacionadas a variações hormonais, bem como ao tratamento do TB. Além disso, ressalta a importância de incluir as variações hormonais femininas na equação diagnóstica e prognóstica do TB. / Background: Background: Hormonal oscilations across lifetime have been associated with mood variations in healthy women. Oestrogen (E) seems to be associated with Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in healthy volunteers. This assictaion was not studied in women with Bipolar Disorder (BD). Mood episodes of BD are associated with reductions in BDNF levels, although the role of feminine hormones in pathophysiology of BD hás not been completely studied. Objective: To investigate the association between BDNF levels and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in women with BD, comparing a group during reproductive years with a menopausal group. In addition, differences across the two phases of menstrual cycle were also evaluated in the group during reproductive years. Methods: Women euthymic (HAM-D and YMRS scoring less than 8) with bipolar I, II or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified were included. Patients of reproductive age had regular menstrual cycles (RMC) and did not use any type of hormonal contraception (CH) and postmenopausal were not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Endocrine instable conditions were considered an exclusion factor. All patients were on pharmacotherapy, associed or not with psychosocial interventions. Blood samples withdrawn for measures of BDNF, oestrogen (E), progesterone (P), LH and FSH levels, being collected in the follicular phase (FP) and luteal (FL) of the menstrual cycle, menopausal women were held only one blood sample. Diagnoses were assessed using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), administered by certified investigators. Results: Ninety six patients with BD were evaluated, of these, 64 did not meet inclusion criteria or met exclusion factors. The sample was constituted by 32 women with BD aged 22 to 69 years (mean = 52.78 years). Considering the whole sample, the BDNF was significantly correlated with estradiol levels (r = 0.36, p = 0.043). In patients in reproductive period, in the luteal phase, there was a negative correlation with FSH (r = 0.831, p = 0.040). A similar result was found with levels o LH (r = 0.908, p = 0.012) in the same menstrual cycle phase. Conclusion: The results found in the sample of women with TB were similar to those previously reported in healthy subjects, which also show a correlation between E and BDNF (Begliuomini et al., 2007). These findings indicate that estrogenic stimulation may be important in maintaining physiological BDNF levels. From these results, new avenues should be included in research on the pathophysiology of mood swings related to hormonal changes as well as the treatment of TB. Furthermore, the importance of including female hormonal changes in the equation of TB diagnostic and.
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Molecular and cellular bases for the protective effects of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the rat brain / Les bases moléculaires et cellulaires de la protection conférée par l’antagoniste du récepteur D1 de la dopamine, SCH23390, contre les effets toxiques de la méthamphétamine dans le cerveau de rat

Beauvais, Geneviève 30 January 2012 (has links)
La méthamphétamine (METH) est une drogue stimulante qui peut causer des déficiences des fonctions cognitives et des dommages irréversibles dans le cerveau des utilisateurs. Il est important de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires de la toxicité de la drogue pour pouvoir développer des traitements pour contrer les effets toxiques de la METH. Plusieurs études dans notre laboratoire et autres ont montré qu’une seule dose élevée de METH (30-40 mg/kg de poids corporel) suffit à endommager l’arborisation terminale des neurones dopaminergiques dans le striatum et le cortex chez les rongeurs, de même qu’elle peut causer l’activation des signaux apoptotiques produits a partir du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) et de la mitochondrie dans le striatum. De ce fait, le but de cette thèse était d’analyser si la dose toxique de 40 mg/kg de METH injectée par faibles doses répétées (4 fois, avec des intervalles de 2 heures), appelée « binge METH », peut aussi causer des stress cellulaires du RE et de la mitochondrie dans le striatum. Des travaux récents ont suggéré que les récepteurs D1 et D2 de la dopamine pourraient être les intermédiaires de l’apoptose des neurones dans le striatum causée par l’administration d’une unique toxique dose de METH. Nous avons alors émis l’hypothèse que les messages cellulaires diriges par la stimulation des récepteurs D1 et D2 de la dopamine pourraient être à l’ origine des effets toxiques du « binge modele ». Le rôle des récepteurs de la dopamine sur l’activation des signaux de l’apoptose a été examiné en utilisant des antagonistes de ces récepteurs. Dans cette dissertation, je donne la preuve que « binge METH » affecte l’expression des immediate early genes de façon différente. Il semble que ces effets soient dépendants de la stimulation du récepteur D1. Un autre volet de cette dissertation a analysé les effets de « binge METH » sur l’expression de gènes impliqués dans la réponse au stress du RE et à l’altération de la fonction de la mitochondrie. Le prétraitement avec l’antagoniste du récepteur D1 de la dopamine, SCH23390, a complètement bloqué l’apparition de ces stress cellulaires après les injections de METH, alors que l’antagoniste du récepteur D2, raclopride, a eu des effets minimes. SCH23390 a aussi bloqué l’effet de METH à causer l’augmentation de la température corporelle des animaux, mais pas raclopride. Cependant, les deux antagonistes ont protégés contre les pertes dans plusieurs marqueurs des neurones de dopamine et sérotonine dans le striatum. De plus, SCH23390, mais non raclopride, a aussi protégé les neurones de sérotonine dans le cortex. Durant mes travaux, j’ai aussi identifié qu’il y a une augmentation de l’ARN messager de activin βA, la protéine TGF-β et Smad2 phosphorylée après les injections de METH. Ces effets sont réduits suite à un prétraitement par SCH23390 ; cependant, raclopride n’a eu aucun effet sur l’expression de TGF-β.En résumé, ces nouvelles données suggèrent que le récepteur D1 joue un rôle prédominant dans la toxicité de la METH. / Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant known to cause cognitive abnormalities and neurodegenerative changes in the brains of METH abusers. One approach for developing therapies for METH abuse is to understand the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of the drug. Investigations in our laboratory and elsewhere have shown that single intraperitoneal injections of METH (30-40 mg/kg of body weight) can cause damage to striatal and cortical monoaminergic systems and induce neuronal apoptosis in the striatum of rodents via activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial death pathways. Hence, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate if toxic binge METH injections can cause ER- and mitochondria-induced stress in the rat striatum. Recent studies have suggested that dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors might mediate neuronal apoptosis in the striatum after single toxic METH doses. We therefore hypothesized that signaling through these two types of DA receptors might activate toxic effects of the binge METH regimen. The role of DA D1 or D2 receptors in METH-induced cell death pathways was thus examined by using pharmacological inhibitors of these receptors. In this dissertation, I report that binge METH regimen caused differential changes in immediate early genes (IEGs) that are known to influence synaptic changes in the brain. METH-induced changed in the expression of the IEGs were dependent on DA D1 receptor stimulation. The second study examined the effects of binge METH on the expression of ER stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-responsive genes. Pretreatment with the DA D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, caused complete inhibition of METH-induced ER and mitochondrial stresses whereas the DA D2 receptor antagonist, raclopride, provided only partial blockade. SCH23390 also blocked METH-induced hyperthermia whereas raclopride failed to do so. Interestingly, both antagonists attenuated METH-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic deficits in the striatum. Moreover, SCH23390 but not raclopride blocked METH-induced serotonergic deficits in cortical tissues. I also found that METH treatment induced upregulation of activin βA mRNA, increased TGF-β and phosphorylated Smad2 proteins in the rat striatum. SCH23390 pretreatment completely blocked all these effects whereas raclopride did not block METH-induced increases in TGF-β expression.

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