I uppsatsen belyser jag begreppet hälsas argumentativa orientering och hur den har kommit att förändrats från 1976 fram till 2015. Undersökningen utgörs av en topikanalys med en jämförelse av användningen av topiker i antologin Hälsa och livskvalitet som är utgiven år 1976 och hälsobloggen PT-Fia, som är en populär och välbesökt blogg inom området hälsa under året 2015. Teorierna i uppsatsen utgörs av Chaïm Perelmans syn på topiker, Jonas Gabrielsens fyra topikförståelser och teorin gällande retorisering av enskilda begrepp enligt Patrik Mehrens och Jon Viklund. Resultatet visar att antologin Hälsa och livskvalitet har en striktare syn på hälsa som till största del baseras på sanningar och fakta. En hälsoblogg som PT-Fia använder begreppet hälsa på ett mer okonstlat vis där hon värderar psykiskt välmående högre än strävandet efter perfektion. Detta ger begreppet en ny argumentativ orientering. Skillnaderna i användningen av begreppet hälsa kan vara PT-Fia och andra hälsobloggars svar på den retoriska situationen gällande den rådande hälsodebatten i landet. Bloggar som PT-Fia menar att debatten har gått för långt och att den utgör risker att bli för fixerad vid sin hälsa. PT-Fia tenderar därför att ta ett steg ”tillbaka” i debatten vilket visar sig i hennes uttryckssätt gällande begreppet hälsa. / The essay highlights the argumentative orientation of the word health and how it has come to change from the year 1976 until the year 2015. The paper consists an analysis of the use of topics when it comes to health. The material is based on a comparison of the use of topics in the anthology "Hälsa och livskvalitet", which was published in 1976, and a blog about health, PT-Fia, which is a popular and well-visited blog during 2015 and considers health. The theories in the essay is based on Chaim Perelman's view on the topics, Jonas Gabrielsen's four ways to understand the topics and the theory regarding the retorising of individual words according to Patrik Mehrens and Jon Viklund. The result of the essay shows that the anthology "Hälsa och livskvalitet" has a stricter approach to health and most parts from it is based on truths and facts. The blog PT-Fia uses the word health in a more relaxed way and puts a higher focus on psychological well-being instead of the pursuit of perfection. This gives the word health a new argumentative orientation. The differences in the use of the word health might be blogers like PT-Fia's answer to the rhetorical situation regarding the current health debate in the country. Blogs like PT-Fia argues that the debate has gone too far and that it might cause a problem by making people focus too hard on being healthy. Therefore PT-Fia tends to take one step "back" in the debate, which shows in her expressions regarding the word health.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL_ELIZABETH_INTEIRA.pdf: 2869570 bytes, checksum: e6a99b2ab43dab56d8d3fb80ed593026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research is to verify the concept of learning through the contact with elderly people that study a foreign language as well as to draw a profile of the kind of people who looks for this ty pe of learning; identify ing th eir conceptions about aging and investigating the importance of this process for them. Seven learners between the ages of 65 and 73 were selected. The methodology used was the qualitative research in which pilot instructions with partial open questions were elaborated. The interpretation of those answers leadto classifying them in term s of subjects. This m eans: well-being, personal lim itations, experience as a foreign language learners, daily habits, and expectati ons of how to take advantage of opportunities. In aging as in ot her stages of life, it is essential that the intellectual faculties be stimulated and kept active. In addition to this, it is important to draw the attention on the fact that the learning capacity of elderly people do not disappear if they are motivated. Carefully considering the learning of a foreign language is to think about an education that points out the interest of this segment. The results suggest that longevity as a process reveals social and affective exchanges. In such a case, this research shows the importance of learning a foreign language as having a new m eaning for the life of those elderly people. This all contributes to their well-being and keeps them communicating, integrated in the com munity and givesthem alternatives to failing ill. Learning of a foreign language inserts the person in a society as a citizen providing an education through which a new knowledge is encouraged without age limit and giving the elderly people the possibility to follow the transformations of the whole world / O objetivo do trabalho é, por meio do contato com idosos que estudam uma língua estrangeira, verificar quais os significados dessa aprendizagem; traçar o perfil dos que procuram este ensino; identificar as concepções sobre o envelhecimento e investigar a importância deste aprendizado para o sujeito. Foram selecionados sete aprendizes, todos na faixa etária entre 65 e 75 anos de idade. A metodologia escolhida foi a pesquisa qualitativa e para realizá-la foi elaborado um roteiro com perguntas parcialmente estruturadas. As interpretações das respostas foram feitas a fim de categorizá-las por assuntos, a saber: bem-estar subjetivo, experiência como aprendiz de língua estrangeira, hábitos da vida diária e expectativas quanto a aproveitar oportunidades que se apresentam. No envelhecimento, assim como em outras etapas da vida, é fundamental que se estimulem as faculdades intelectuais para mantê-las. Além disso, é importante ressaltar que a capacidade de aprender dos idosos não desaparece, se eles estiverem motivados para tal. Refletir sobre o aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira é pensar numa educação voltada para os interesses deste segmento. Os resultados apontam para a longevidade como um processo em que se redefinem os modos de ser e de significar a existência, ao mesmo tempo em que se redesenham as relações de trocas sociais e afetivas. Assim sendo, essa pesquisa mostrou a importância do aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira na ressignificação da vida dos idosos, contribuindo para o seu bem-estar e para mantê-los participativos e integrados, proporcionando-lhes alternativas ao adoecimento. O aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira insere o indivíduo como cidadão ao proporcionar-lhe uma educação, por meio da qual se promovem novos saberes, sem limites etários e a possibilidade de acompanharem as transformações de um mundo globalizado.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 442122 bytes, checksum: 48eb0462abf60a0882ac00ff00dd05a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation discusses the issue of time in the interface between linguistics and psychoanalysis. To this end, we seek to understand how the time factor acts as an agent of transformation of language, and as a producer of new meanings for the subject under analysis. In this sense, we follow Saussure s teachings as regarding the language as a system of signs aimed at understanding the process of mutability of language, which, in the Saussurean conception, occurs mainly due to the passage of time. The dialogue with psychoanalysis is conducted based on Lacan s design, for whom the unconscious is structured like a language . In this discussion, the notion of timelessness of the unconscious in Freud is always present, because the cut at the time of the session is conducted based on the theory that the unconscious is timeless. The Saussurean linguistics allows us to find traces that point to change within the sign and this leads us to the realization that the new meanings of the subject under analysis appear as a result of a movement similar to the shifts and changes that take place within the sign due the passage of time. However, what differs in the analysis is that it is not a change resulting from the passage of time, but from the cut of the time that passes. / Essa dissertação se presta a discutir a questão do tempo na interface entre a Lingüística e a Psicanálise. Para tanto, buscamos compreender de que forma o fator tempo atua como agente de transformação da língua e como produtor de novas significações para o sujeito em análise. Nesse sentido, mergulhamos nos ensinamentos de Saussure no que diz respeito à língua como um sistema de signos , visando ao entendimento do processo de mutabilidade da língua, o qual, na concepção saussuriana, ocorre, principalmente, em decorrência da passagem do tempo. O diálogo com a Psicanálise é realizado a partir da concepção de Lacan, para quem o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem . Nessa discussão, a noção de atemporalidade do inconsciente proposta por Freud está sempre presente, pois o corte no tempo da sessão é realizado a partir da tese de que o inconsciente é atemporal. A Lingüística saussuriana nos permite encontrar vestígios que apontam para a mudança no interior do signo e isso nos leva ao entendimento de que as novas significações do sujeito em análise ocorrem em decorrência de um movimento análogo aos deslocamentos e mudanças que se dão no interior do signo devido à passagem do tempo. No entanto, o que difere na análise é que não se trata de uma mudança decorrente da passagem do tempo, mas do corte no tempo que passa.

Bakgrund: Varje år diagnostiseras mer än 9000 personer med bröstcancer i Sverige. En vanlig upplevelse är förlust av kontroll samt rädsla inför framtiden. Kvinnors existens påverkas till följd av sjukdom och biverkningar av behandling. Genom stöd kan kvinnor hantera oro, sorg och rädslor som uppkommer. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturbaserade studie var att undersöka hur kvinnor med bröstcancer upplevde sitt dagliga liv efter diagnos och behandling. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie med nio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom tre kategorier; Osäkerhet efter diagnosen, Relationernas betydelse och När livet får en ny innebörd, samt sju underkategorier. Konklusion: Kvinnor som drabbas av bröstcancer var en grupp med ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa, där osäkerhet och ett informationsbehov inte tillgodosågs. Sjukdomen gjorde att kvinnor genomgick olika former av kriser och behov av stöd var viktigt samt nödvändigt för vissa kvinnor för att orka kämpa vidare. Stöd från sjukvården och hög patientdelaktighet kunde leda till en känsla av kontroll och minskad sårbarhet. Sjukdomen gjorde även att kvinnor upplevde att livet fick en ny innebörd och blev mer värdefullt. / Background: In Sweden, more than 9000 people are diagnosed with breast cancer annually. A common experience are a loss of control and fear of the future. Furthermore, the cancer affect women's whole existence and side effects from treatment are common. With support, women are able to cope with anxiety, grief and fears that arise. Purpose: The aim of this litterature-based study was to examine how women with breast cancer experienced their daily life after diagnosis and treatment. Method: A litterature-based study with nine qualitative articles. Result: Three categories revealed; The uncertainty of the diagnosis; The meaning of relationships and When life gets a new meaning, and seven subcategories. Conclusion: Women with breast cancer were a group exposed to a greater risk of developing mental illness, where uncertainty and the need for information were unmet. The disease lead women to undergo a variety of crisis's and the need for support were important and necessary for some women in order to fight the disease. Support from healthcare and high patient-involvement facilitates and lead to a sense of control and reduced vulnerability. The disease could also cause women to experience a new meaning in life and that it became more valuable to them.

王安石經學近十年來開始受到關注(2000年以來)；在此之前，王安石的變法改革思想和詩文集的研究，其實已經非常蓬勃(1949-1990)，尤其變法改革思想正好符合清末和新中國極欲改革的需求，因此，在大陸和美國都有王安石變法研究的專家。稍後有王安石思想具有道、佛思想的研究(1980-2000)。截至2010年，海峽兩岸相關王安石研究的單篇論文有三千多篇，博、碩士論文有六十多篇。而真正以王安石經學著作為主要研究對象的博、碩士論文海峽兩岸計有六本，而且都聚集在近十年(2005年以來)。 王安石經學著作在明初已全部亡佚，目前可見的只有清代所輯的《周官新義》一部輯佚書。王安石參與的宋代熙寧變法所著的《三經新義》，最為人所熟知的是《周官新義》，內容鋪陳改革宋代吏治與經濟的藍圖，受到撻伐最深，王安石將他當作政治實踐的計畫書，最具有宋代精神，卻是偏離上古三代精神較遠。至於《尚書新義》則是規範帝王修身和治國的政治之書。 而王安石的《詩經新義》則不同，內容平易近人，其闡發儒家精神與禮儀規範，對於人倫與禮儀、人性與人為制度的推敲拿捏，在遵守禮樂之外，還有更多人文精神的體會。而王安石和《詩》的淵源其實頗深，從案頭書到科舉必讀經典，都可以看到王安石對於《詩》的重視。透過研究王安石的《詩經新義》，可以看到王安石學術思想理念的初衷─儒家經典理念和人倫禮儀思想；除了他對原始儒家、三代聖王賢人精神的繼承，還可以看到王安石對於人生倫理的規劃，這正是本文以王安石《詩經新義》為研究對象的重要價值所在。

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoVAJ.pdf: 629905 bytes, checksum: 10236bfb776b80446077c21a89515791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The work objectified to apprehend the degree of the teachers' concept concerning the territory concept and to intervene with situations of critical reflections to accompany and to analyze the process of conceptual elaboration. It contemplates on the (new)meaning of knowledge and (new)elaboration of the concept in study done inside a pedagogic intervention. The Municipal School Dr. Julio Senna - Cear?-Mirim/RN and six (6) teacher-collaborators that taught in the 3rd and 4th grades of the fundamental teaching, constitutes the empiric field of the research. Its theoretical-methodological contributions are built in the studies of Vigotski (2000a, 2000b and 2001) on the formation process and development of concepts; in the methodology colaborate (Ibiapina (2004), Bartom? (1986), Kemmis and Mctaggart (1988), Arnal, Del Ricon and Latorre (1992), Pepper and Ghedin (2002), among others) and in the critical-reflexive conception of the Geography (Soares J?nior (2000 and 1994), Silva (1998), Raffestin (1993), Santos (1994), Felipe (1998), among others). The accomplishment of the work presupposed starting from the reflections on the following subjects: which the teachers' understanding in the school space concerning the territory concept? How does happen the process of conceptual construction territory for the teachers? The analysis of the teachers' previous knowledge on the concept in study, evidenced that its apprehensions on the attributes of the referred concept went mentioned the to light of the perceptible dimension of the real-concrete relationships of the reality linked to the degree of the spontaneous concepts and followed by the ideas of the traditional, humanistic and cultural geographical conceptions (positivism and phenomenology), restricting the territory meaning the notion of State-Nation and place of the men's dwelling. In the intervention process, it was verified to real possibility of the acquisition of indispensable scientific concepts to the process of (new)meaning conceptual of geographical knowledge through the continuous practice of the educational formation, when it was evidenced that the teacher-collaborators acquired high degrees of attributions of the significance of the territory concept to the they elaborate generalizations by means of analyses and syntheses of the concept-attribute (essential and multiples) of the reference conceptual in study / O trabalho objetivou apreender o grau de conceitualiza??o dos professores acerca do conceito de territ?rio e intervir com situa??es de reflex?es cr?ticas para acompanhar e analisar o processo de elabora??o conceitual. Reflete sobre a (re)significa??o de conhecimentos e (re)elabora??o do conceito em estudo efetivado no interior de uma interven??o pedag?gica. A Escola Municipal Dr. Julio Senna Cear? Mirim/RN e seis (6) professores-colaboradores que lecionavam nas 3? e 4? s?ries do ensino fundamental, constitui o campo emp?rico da pesquisa. Os seus aportes te?rico-metodol?gicos edificam-se nos estudos de Vigotski (2000a, 2000b e 2001) sobre o processo de forma??o e desenvolvimento de conceitos; na metodologia colaborativa (Ibiapina (2004), Bartom? (1986), Kemmis e Mctaggart (1988), Arnal, Del Ricon e Latorre (1992), Pimenta e Ghedin (2002), entre outros) e na concep??o cr?tico-reflexiva da Geografia (Soares J?nior (2000 e 1994), Silva (1998), Raffestin (1993), Santos (1994), Felipe (1998), entre outros). A realiza??o do trabalho pressup?s a partir das reflex?es sobre as seguintes quest?es: qual a compreens?o dos professores no espa?o escolar acerca do conceito de territ?rio? como ocorre o processo de constru??o conceptual de territ?rio pelos professores? A an?lise dos conhecimentos pr?vios dos professores sobre o conceito em estudo, evidenciou que as suas apreens?es sobre os atributos do referido conceito foram referenciados ? luz da dimens?o percept?vel das rela??es real-concretas da realidade vinculados ao grau dos conceitos espont?neos e norteado pelas id?ias das concep??es geogr?ficas tradicional, human?stica e cultural (positivismo e fenomenologia), restringindo o significado de territ?rio a no??o de Estado-Na??o e lugar de moradia dos homens. No processo de interven??o foi constatado a real possibilidade da aquisi??o de conceitos cient?ficos indispens?veis ao processo de (re)significa??o conceptual de conhecimentos geogr?ficos atrav?s da pr?tica cont?nua da forma??o docente, quando foi evidenciado que os professores-colaboradores adquiriram graus elevados de atribui??es da significa??o do conceito de territ?rio ao elaborarem generaliza??es por meio de an?lises e s?nteses dos conceitos-atributo (essenciais e m?ltiplos) da refer?ncia conceptual em estudo