Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-19T13:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Juliana Espindola Scofano.pdf: 3134461 bytes, checksum: b3a168bb1db1b00562c5aaa29b7f2ed3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T13:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Juliana Espindola Scofano.pdf: 3134461 bytes, checksum: b3a168bb1db1b00562c5aaa29b7f2ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Since the late 1980s to the present day, the production of organic food has been suffering from expansion and contraction cycles, depending on the location, driven by public policy, the market demand in European, American and Asian countries. These cycles occur both in export markets (low income countries), as in the importing markets (high-income countries). Among the producers markets, Argentina is highlighted in Latin America, where the organic production area has suffered decline since 2009. In high-income countries, Australia is the country with the largest organic area certified. The production of organic food has forced countries to establish mechanisms for ensuring organic quality. The standardization process began with IFOAM in 1981, private organization, with France the first country to regulate in the same years. Currently in several countries it is accepted more than a guarantee mechanism of organic quality. Certification by audit (individual and group) is still the main form of security, but the participatory guarantee systems (GSP) organic quality are being broadcast around the world, including some studies for the recognition of SPG's in countries where Certification is the main form of control. / Desde o final dos anos de 1980 at? os dias atuais, a produ??o de alimentos org?nicos vem sofrendo ciclos de expans?o e retra??o, dependendo do local, impulsionados por pol?ticas p?blicas e pela demanda de mercado nos pa?ses europeus, americanos e asi?ticos. Esses ciclos acontecem tanto nos mercados exportadores (pa?ses de baixa renda), como nos mercados importadores (pa?ses de alta renda). Entre os mercados produtores, a Argentina ? destaque na Am?rica Latina, onde a ?rea de produ??o org?nica vem sofrendo queda desde 2009. Nos pa?ses de alta renda, a Austr?lia ? o pa?s com maior ?rea org?nica certificada. A produ??o de alimentos org?nicos obrigou os pa?ses a criarem mecanismos para garantir a qualidade org?nica. O processo de normaliza??o iniciou-se com a IFOAM em 1981, organiza??o privada, sendo a Fran?a o primeiro pa?s a regulamentar no mesmo ano. Atualmente em diversos pa?ses do mundo aceita-se mais de um mecanismo de garantia da qualidade org?nica. A certifica??o por auditoria (individual e em grupo) ainda ? a principal forma de garantia, mas os sistemas participativos de garantia (SPG) da qualidade org?nica est?o sendo difundidos em todo o mundo, inclusive h? estudos para o reconhecimento dos SPG?s em pa?ses onde a certifica??o ? a principal forma de controle

O processo de liberação da operação comercial de um túnel rodoviário, sempre é realizada sobre a pressão típica do final de um cronograma, cujo prazo final, está em vias de se esgotar. Por outro lado considerando os relevantes riscos envolvidos com a operação de um túnel, o órgão público que libera o início da operação comercial (Artesp no caso do Estado de São Paulo), deve ter plena certeza que a nova estrutura está pronta a utilização e apresenta-se totalmente preparada a atender os requisitos mínimos de segurança. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia de avaliação de conformidade aderente a NBR ISO/IEC 17020:2006 - avaliação de conformidade com os critérios gerais para o funcionamento de diferentes tipos de organismos que executam inspeções. Para tanto foi realizado um extenso e minucioso trabalho de identificação dos requisitos aplicáveis, concatenando as referências internacionais de túneis, o modus operandi nacional e a ferramenta gerenciamento de riscos, que resultaram numa proposta de metodologia de avaliação de conformidade composta por onze atividades, que aplicadas permitem avaliar as condições de liberação ao uso e operação comercial de túneis rodoviários. / The process of releasing the commercial operation of a road tunnel is always done under the typical pressure of a chronogram deadline. On the other hand, considering the relevant risks involved with the tunnel operation, the public institution that releases the beginning of the commercial operation (ARTESP, in the case of São Paulo State), should be totally sure that the new structure is ready to be used and shows it is completely prepared to meet the needs of the minimum security requirements. The present work proposes an evaluation methodology of adherent conformity the NBR ISO/IEC 17020:2006 Conformity evaluation with the general criteria for the functioning of different types of organisms that perform inspections. In order to do so, a large and detailed work of identification of the applicable requirements, linking together the international references of tunnels, national way of working and the tool Management of Risks, that ended in a proposal of conformity evaluation methodology composed by eleven activities, that if applied, allow evaluation of the releasing conditions to the use and commercial operation of road tunnels.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among individual values, trait boredom, job boredom, job characteristics, and CWB. Job boredom and trait boredom were expected to be positively related to CWB. Individual values and job characteristics were expected to moderate the relationship between boredom and different types of CWB. Completed online questionnaires were received from 211 participants, and 112 co-worker matches also submitted online surveys. The Schwartz Value Survey, Job Descriptive Index, Job Boredom Scale, and Boredom Proneness Scale were used to assess independent variables. The Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist measured the dependent variable. Results were analyzed using correlation and moderated regression. Both trait boredom and job boredom showed large significant correlations with all forms of CWB. Additionally, co-worker reported job boredom showed significant correlations with some forms of CWB. Values showed small and mostly non-significant relationships with CWB and no moderating effects on the boredom/CWB relationship. Job characteristics showed relationships with some forms of CWB but did not interact with boredom in its effects on CWB. In general, moderating effects were not found in the relationships among boredom, values, job characteristics, and CWB. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The impacts of emissions sources of carbon monoxide and particulate matter pollution levels for projected level conformity assessment and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses are usually estimated through computer-aided models. Because of the involvement and interaction of a large number of variables that affect formation of CO and PM hot spots, exhaustive impact assessment studies can be time consuming. This is especially true for complex urban projects consisting of numerous roadways whose potential CO and PM impacts on surrounding neighborhoods must be disclosed. A highway project may consist of hundreds of roadway links, therefore undertaking project level conformity analysis without screening tools can be computationally resource intensive. CALINE4, a line source emission modeling tool, is used to predict downwind CO and PM concentrations for various receptors to generate a learning dataset for development of screening rules. This research has developed statistical screening criteria based on Classification and Regression Tree modeling that can be used to eliminate those links from the CALINE4 analysis whose contribution of pollutant concentration to a particular receptor site are insignificant. For the purpose of this study, any link that contributes a concentration of 0 ppm of CO or 0 µg/m3 of PM to a particular receptor site is termed insignificant for the corresponding pollutant. The model uses seven predictor variables, namely wind speed, wind directional variability, linear emission flux, link length and receptor polar coordinates. Response vector has two classes of pollutant concentrations namely significant and insignificant which are obtained by conversion of numerical values of pollutant concentration according to above mentioned criterion, thereby converting a regression problem into categorical or classification problem. The developed rules based on constructed model were validated through test samples and can be applied to future dataset to classify and screen out the insignificant links in highway planning analyses. The screening tool also allows analysts to prepare gridded pollution concentration predictions for use in environmental justice analyses.

Thesis (M.S.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Directed by Marion O'Brien; submitted to the Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 13, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-38).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VilsonRR.pdf: 664562 bytes, checksum: 2161eaac4d687b2ded4c5599d576cc33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-13 / This research presents an outlook of the industries of red ceramic in the region next to the city of Teresina and an analysis of the ceramic products producted in this pole. The microregion investigated possesses 13 boroughs where were identified 32 ceramic in operation, being that 24 are located in Teresina, the ceramic region more important of Piau?, 1 is located in the city of Miguel Le?o and 7 is located in Timon city that belongs to the state of Maranh?o. The majority of ceramics are pulverized in these two cities, Teresina and Timon , responsible by a largely production independent of distance between fabric and consumer market. Furthermore, there is an artisanal production realized in other boroughs, mainly manual conformation bricks, where are producted diverse types of handicraft and ceramics utilitarian. The objective of this research is to evalue the conformity of ceramic blocks for brick of obstruction made by red ceramic industry of microregion at studying, verifying their pontentialities and adequacy in terms of production. In this research universe made a search of ceramic industries related to the Foundation CEPRO (Foundation Center of Research Social and Economic of Piau?). For the analysis of the ceramic products , were colected 60 crude bricks sample in three industries for their characterization, and 39 burned bricks sample for the Evaluation of Conformity. The results of the characterization made reached a accetptable standard in all formulations and temperature studied. The burned samples were applied to the geometric, physical and mechanical assays according to the ABNT standards (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). The results of the physical assays showed that all the samples are at the same band recommended by standard. However, through the geometric assays just two industries did not present results according to the standard, due to lack of control in their process such as in their equipments. Taking into account the mechanical properties, only one industry investigated was not according to the standard / Esta pesquisa apresenta um panorama das ind?strias de cer?mica vermelha na Regi?o Integrada de Desenvolvimento da Grande Teresina e uma an?lise dos produtos cer?micos fabricados nesse p?lo. A microrregi?o em estudo possui 13 munic?pios onde foram identificadas 32 cer?micas em atividades, sendo que 24 est?o situadas na cidade de Teresina, o p?lo cer?mico de maior import?ncia do Piau?, 1 na cidade de Miguel Le?o e 7 no munic?pio de Timon, no vizinho estado do Maranh?o, que faz parte da grande Teresina. A maioria das cer?micas est? pulverizada nestas duas Cidades, Teresina e Timon, respons?veis por uma produ??o largamente independente da dist?ncia entre f?brica e mercado consumidor. Al?m dessas, h? a produ??o artesanal realizada nos demais munic?pios, principalmente, tijolos de conforma??o manual, onde tamb?m s?o produzidos diversos tipos de artesanato e utilit?rios cer?micos. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? avaliar a conformidade de blocos cer?micos para alvenaria de veda??o, produzidos pela ind?stria de cer?mica vermelha da microrregi?o em estudo, verificando suas potencialidades e adequa??o em termos produtivos. Para defini??o do universo da pesquisa, fez-se um levantamento das ind?strias cer?micas junto ? Funda??o CEPRO (Funda??o Centro de Pesquisas Econ?micas e Sociais do Piau?). Para a an?lise dos produtos cer?micos, foram coletadas 60 amostras de tijolos verdes em tr?s ind?strias, para a caracteriza??o desses produtos e 39 amostras de tijolos queimados, para a avalia??o da conformidade. Os resultados das caracteriza??es realizadas apresentaram um padr?o aceit?vel em todas as formula??es e temperaturas estudadas. As amostras queimadas foram submetidas aos ensaios geom?tricos, f?sicos e mec?nicos de acordo com as normas da ABNT (Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas). Os resultados dos ensaios f?sicos mostraram que todas as amostras est?o dentro da faixa recomenda pela norma. J? nos ensaios geom?tricos, duas ind?strias apresentaram resultados n?o conforme com a norma, devido ? falta de controle nos seus processos e nos equipamentos. Quanto ?s propriedades mec?nicas, apenas uma ind?stria pesquisada n?o atendeu ? norma, devido ao fato do controle inadequado do seu processo

Ce travail de thèse se propose d’étudier tout d’abord le rôle majeur de l’effet de conformité, qui consiste en la reprise de caractéristiques de l’existant dans l’activité de conception, pour ensuite étudier ses effets sur l’appréciation esthétique des pages web réalisées, par des utilisateurs. Nos hypothèses générales sont, d’une part, que l’effet de conformité, décrit par une grande partie de la littérature comme un effet négatif et difficilement répressible peut être optimisé par les conditions de consultation des sources d’inspiration et améliorer ainsi l’utilisabilité des pages web. D’autre part, nous faisons l’hypothèse que l’amélioration de l’utilisabilité des pages web peut avoir un impact significatif sur l’expérience utilisateur et influencer les différents facteurs qui la compose, comme l’esthétique et l’utilisabilité perçue. Les résultats des six expériences menées auprès de concepteurs professionnels de sites web et d’utilisateurs du web ont montré d’une part qu’il est possible de contraindre l’effet de conformité et comment, dans une perspective applicative, utiliser cette influence pour optimiser la prise en compte de l’utilisabilité. Et d’autre part que cette amélioration de l’utilisabilité influence, dans une certaine mesure, l’appréciation esthétique des pages web par les utilisateurs / This thesis work proposes to study first the role of the fixation effect, which involves reworking of the existing features in the design activity, and then study its effects on the assessment aesthetic web pages made by users. Our general hypotheses are, firstly, that the fixation effect, described by much of the literature as a negative and repressible can be optimized by the conditions of consultation of the inspiration sources and thus improve the usability of web pages. Furthermore, we hypothesize that improving the usability of web pages can have a significant impact on user experience and influence factors that compose it, such as aesthetics and perceived usability. The results of six experiments conducted with professional web designers and web users have shown firstly that it is possible to constrain the fixation effect and how, in an application perspective, use this influence to optimize the consideration of usability. And secondly that the improvement of usability influence, to a certain extent, the aesthetic appreciation of web pages by users.

A partir de um alerta internacional emitido pelas autoridades sanitárias francesas no ano de 2010 com respeito a altas taxas de ruptura de implantes mamários da marca Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira (ANVISA) suspendeu a importação, distribuição, comércio e uso destes implantes no país. Visando manter a qualidade destes produtos no mercado brasileiro, a partir de março de 2012 – conforme publicado pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia (INMETRO) – foi instituída a certificação compulsória dos implantes mamários e em seguida definidos os ensaios através dos quais os implantes mamários devem ter sua conformidade avaliada, sendo esses ensaios mecânicos e químicos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e metodologia para avaliação da conformidade de dois ensaios mecânicos em implantes mamários: ensaio de fadiga e ensaio de resistência ao impacto. Duas normas foram utilizadas para o processo de acreditação: ISO 14607 – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements, e ABNT NBR ISO 14607 – Implantes cirúrgicos não ativos – Implantes mamários – Requisitos particulares. Os equipamentos utilizados foram desenvolvidos e construídos ao longo do desenvolvimento deste estudo e os testes foram realizados em implantes mamários da marca PIP obtidos junto a ANVISA. A primeira etapa consistiu em organizar os documentos necessários para acreditação junto ao INMETRO e, após, ensaios os ensaios foram realizados. Ao todo trinta e cinco implantes foram ensaiados – 31 na primeira parte do trabalho e 04 na segunda – e analisados em lupa para verificação de defeitos causados pelos testes como: fraturas, cortes, alteração de forma, entre outros. Os equipamentos e metodologia desenvolvida atendem os requisitos de ambas as normas e permitem avaliação de conformidade de próteses mamárias comercializadas no país, no que diz respeito ao ensaio de fadiga e resistência ao impacto. / Due an international alert issued by French authorities in 2010 regarding high rupture rate of breast implants related to Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP), the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has suspended the importation, distribution, commercialization and use of these implants into Brazil. In order to maintain the quality of these products in Brazilian market, on March 2012 – according published by National Institute of Metrology – it has been decided for compulsory certification of breast implants and then defined the tests through which these products have to be submitted for its conformity assessment, being these mechanical and chemical tests. This dissertation evaluates the development and methodology for conformity assessment of two mechanical tests on breast implants: fatigue and impact resistance test. The process was based on two standards: ISO 14607 and ABNT NBR ISO – Non - active surgical implants – Mammary implants – Particular Requirements. The equipment used was developed in the laboratory during the realization of this study and the tests were performed on implants produced by PIP provided by National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It started with the organization of the documents to be sent to National Institute of Metrology, in order to ask the accreditation and then tests were performed. Thirty five implants were tested – 31 on first part of the work and 04 on the second one – and then analyzed to detect any anomaly that could be considered a defect such as: rupture, cuts, shape alteration, etc. The equipment and methodology has met the requirements from both standards and enable conformity assessment of breast implants commercialized in Brazil, regarding to fatigue and impact resistance tests.

In modern agriculture, the agricultural tractor is an essential equipment for the accomplishment of the numerous agricultural operations of a property. Since the first tractors with internal combustion engine, big transformations have occurred in their projects, and the operating station where the most notable changes, as systems are constantly undergoing updates, and the manufacturers thinking about the comfort of the operator and the compliance with national and international regulations. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the conformity of the new agricultural tractors commercialized in the Brazilian market, with the specifications standardized by national and international standards of safety and ergonomics, qualifying the operating stations with the created of an ergonomic index. The agricultural tractors were divided into classes according to the gross power in the engine. In the agricultural tractors, the operating controls were measured in relation to the Seat Index Point, the measures of access and exits of the operation station, besides observing the presence of obligatory items in agricultural tractors. The main results show that Class VI agricultural tractors (above 200 CV) showed the highest compliance with ISO 15077, with regard to the internal position of the controls in the operating station. Between the controls, the gear lever was the one that best complied with the ISO 15077. As for the compliance with the ABNT NBR ISO 4254-1, the tractors without cabin had less conformity than the cabin. All the operating stations had at least two emergency exits, as required by ABNT NBR 4252. Most of the mandatory items provided for in NR 12 are present or agreed at the farm tractor stations evaluated. The 4CC operating station presented the best Ergonomic Index among the sampled operating stations and the 2NA Operational Station presented the lowest Ergonomic Index and it was efficient in terms of feasibility and can be applied to other models of agricultural tractors and machines. / Na agricultura moderna, o trator agrícola é equipamento fundamental para a realização das inúmeras tarefas de uma propriedade. Desde os primeiros tratores com motor de combustão interna, ocorreram grandes transformações em seus projetos, sendo que o posto de operação foram as de mudanças mais notórias, pois os sistemas estão constantemente passando por atualizações, e os fabricantes pensando no conforto do operador e no atendimento a normativas nacionais e internacionais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a conformidade dos postos de operação de tratores agrícolas novos comercializados no mercado brasileiro, com as especificações padronizadas por normas nacionais e internacionais de segurança e ergonomia, qualificando os postos de operação com a criação de um índice ergonômico. Os tratores agrícolas foram divididos em classes de acordo com a potência bruta no motor. Nos tratores agrícolas, foram medidos os comandos de operação em relação ao Ponto de Indexação do Assento, as medidas de acesso e saídas do posto de operação, além de observar a presença de itens obrigatórios em tratores agrícolas. Os principais resultados revelam que tratores agrícolas da Classe VI (acima de 200 cv) apresentaram a maior conformidade com a norma ISO 15077, no que se refere à disposição interna dos comandos no posto de operação. Dentre os comandos, a alavanca de marchas foi a que melhor atendeu à norma ISO 15077. Quanto à conformidade com a norma ABNT NBR ISO 4254-1, os tratores sem cabine apresentaram menos conformidades em relação aos com cabine. Todos os postos de operação apresentaram no mínimo duas saídas de emergência, conforme exige a norma 4252. I. A maioria dos itens obrigatórios previstos pela NR 12, estão presentes ou de acordo nos postos de operação dos tratores agrícolas avaliados. O posto de operação 4CC apresentou o melhor Índice Ergonômico dentre os postos de operação amostrados, e o posto de operação 2NA apresentou o menor Índice Ergonômico e este mostrou-se eficiente quanto a exequibilidade e pode ser aplicado em outros modelos de tratores e máquinas agrícolas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianaMC.pdf: 1221443 bytes, checksum: c2ecaef1ae772fb4d8e14dd13d82d037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-02 / The potential market of the metropolitan area of Salvador accounts for the estimated consumption of roughly 800 million horizontally perforated extruded clay bricks a year. The growing demand of consumers along with the competitiveness of the structural ceramic sector has driven forward a number of recent efforts and investments towards improving the quality of structural ceramics. In this scenario, the present study focused on sampling and evaluating the conformity of 8-hole horizontally perforated extruded clay bricks manufactured by different plants (A, B and C) in the metropolitan area of Salvador. In addition, representative clay and sandy-clay materials were collected from each plant and characterized by conventional physical, chemical and mineralogical techniques. Finally, experimental compositions designated as A, B and C, according to the source, were prepared by mixing different contents of the raw materials collected in the plants, fired at different temperatures and characterized. The results revealed a series of non conformities regarding ABNT guidelines. The characterization of raw materials revealed the presence of kaolinite and ilite in concentrations ranging from 64 to 90 wt.% along with free quartz (10 - 25%). The sandy-clay samples consisted basically of kaolinite. All raw materials depicted low contents of organics, amorphous constituents, alkaline oxides and feldspar. An analysis of the firing behavior of all different ceramic compositions revealed that the linear contraction of composition A was rather significant considering the temperature range evaluated, and it justifies the significant dimensional non conformity that was shown by bricks made with the ceramic A / O mercado potencial de cer?mica estrutural na regi?o metropolitana de Salvador ? respons?vel pelo consumo de mais de 800 milh?es de pe?as/ano. Com um com?rcio cada vez mais exigente e competitivo torna-se necess?rio que as ind?strias ceramistas invistam em a??es que visem aperfei?oar a qualidade de seus produtos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o ?ndice de conformidade de blocos cer?micos e caracterizar a mat?ria-prima. Foram empregadas as normas ABNT para an?lise de conformidade de blocos cer?micos em tr?s ind?strias (A, B e C) da Regi?o Metropolitana do Salvador, bem como t?cnicas para caracteriza??o qu?mica, f?sica e mec?nica das mat?rias-primas e formula??o e an?lise das massas. Com base nos resultados alcan?ados pode-se concluir que os blocos cer?micos fabricados pelas ind?strias pesquisadas n?o apresentam conformidade com as normas t?cnicas brasileiras. Os argilominerais encontrados nas mat?rias-primas estudadas (massas A, B e C) foram a caulinita e a ilita que ficaram entre 64 a 90% e o teor de quartzo livre entre 10 e 25%. Os arenosos s?o predominantemente argilas caulin?ticas. Os materiais caracterizados apresentaram baixa concentra??o de materiais amorfos, baixo teor de ?xidos alcalinos e, conseq?entemente, concentra??es muito baixas de feldspatos. A an?lise das curvas de gresifica??o das massas demonstra que a inclina??o da curva de retra??o linear ? mais acentuada para a massa A, na faixa de temperatura estudada, e justifica a significativa n?o conformidade dimensional verificada nos blocos produzidos pela cer?mica A