The dissertation argues for the following thesis: Velars to have a phonological representation where place specification may be accomodated, but this hosting site is left empty. In other words, I assume velars to be placeless in their phonological representation. This hosting site can have a number of formulations, depending on the particular phonological model. It can be conceived as a Place node, like in Feature Geometry, or an element tier as in Government Phonology, or a particular dependency relation as in Dependency Phonology. According to the thesis, velars share the presence of this hosting site in their representation with labial and coronal consonants (and with vowels, of course), while differing from labials and coronals in not having anything to occupy this hosting site. The thesis is supported by phenomena from a range of languages. The placelessness of velars goes against received assumptions where coronals are considered unmarked due to their absence of place specification. I will demonstrate that quite a number of the most frequently cited cases in support of the unmarked status of coronals do not seem to constitute firm evidence for coronal unmarkedness (and in fact for markedness in general). This suggests that if coronals are still to be considered unmarked, it will have to have a different reason.

This study forms part of a larger study funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) -FA 2006041100003, stretching across five years within AUTHeR (Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research), in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus. The aim of the larger study is to gain a better understanding of alcohol consumption patterns and causes as well as consequences of binge drinking. While the link between binge drinking and interpersonal violence is well documented, paucity of researched information focusing on the nature of the link was identified. The identified problem pointed to a need for a theoretical study, accomplished by means of a literature review. It is concluded that while binge drinking and interpersonal violence co-occur, there is no evidence that binge drinking causes interpersonal violence. Literature is systematically reviewed to understand the social aspects of alcohol abuse in the broader South Africa. The review concluded that alcohol abuse is caused by a multiplicity of factors and does pose a threat to the quality of life of many South Africans. It has conclusively been determined that there is a need to readdress existing liquor policies. Factors contributing to binge drinking and interpersonal violence at and around different alcohol drinking outlets were explored, following an observational study. The investigation produced some of the following findings: • Neighbourhoods with a higher density of alcohol drinking outlets tend to display public disorder. • Poor management of alcohol outlets poses a health and physical hazard to patrons. • Marketing strategies used are aggressive and irresponsible. It is concluded that there seem discrepancies between existing liquor policies and the actual running of liquor businesses. Narratives of binge drinkers and those of non-binge drinkers were analysed using focus groups and in-depth interviews. The analysis revealed some of the following as precipitating and maintenance factors of the alcohol-violence link: • A culture of drinking: Participants drink alcohol for social, cultural, coping, and enhancement motives. • A culture of violence: Men seem violent prior to consuming alcohol, and violence seems to be a learned behaviour. • Traditional gender roles seem transgressed by women mainly through their drinking of alcohol in public. These findings necessitated further investigation into services in the North West Province in terms of job creation, liquor licensing, non-adherence to ethics and unavailability on weekends by some service providers, and the shifting of traditional gender roles of women. Based on the critical analysis of service delivery networks in the North West Province by interviewing key informants and analysing documents, it was revealed that, not withstanding gaps, the province has policies in place dealing with: job creation; liquor regulation; ethically bound police services; specialized social work services to sexually assaulted victims on weekdays and weekends, and the empowerment of men. It has conclusively been determined that the analysed services, when re-addressed, hold possibilities of instilling hope in community members, including victims and perpetrators of alcohol-induced violence. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M A(Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

En 2000, la loi SRU engendre une multiplication du nombre de Scot dans un contexte européen de relance de l'activité de planification territoriale, ou planification stratégique spatialisée, après une période de substitution du plan au profit du projet localisé. En France, les Scot se heurtent à des incertitudes croissantes quant à leur capacité à orienter le développement des territoires. Les expériences récentes et les évolutions du contexte législatif insistent sur la mise en œuvre : la planification est un processus continu qui commence au moment où le plan est en préparation. A travers le passage des orientations à l'action, la thèse interpelle l'ensemble du processus de planification territoriale dans le sens d'un renforcement de son effectivité. Durant la période 2009-2012, le travail de recherche-action s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (Cifre) au sein de l'Agence d'urbanisme de Lyon, animatrice de l'inter-Scot. Au sein de ce dispositif de coordination entre les treize Scot de l'aire métropolitaine lyonnaise, les Espaces d'interface métropolitains (EIM) sont des secteurs à enjeux localisés à la frontière de plusieurs démarches de planification et autour desquels les élus se sont engagés à accroitre leurs actions de coopération. Deux EIM constituent ainsi les terrains d'étude principaux de la thèse : les territoires autour de l'aéroport Lyon-Saint Exupéry et autour du barreau autoroutier A89 reliant Lyon à Balbigny. Identifiés autour d'éléments de structure majeurs, ou invariants territoriaux, ils constituent des leviers de mise en œuvre : la thèse introduit à ce titre le concept de lieux transactionnels comme nouveaux lieux à privilégier de projets du processus de planification territoriale. En confrontant le cas lyonnais, le système Français et des expériences de planification sélectionnées en Angleterre, Allemagne, et Italie, la thèse accorde une place centrale aux interactions entre les acteurs de la planification, les éléments de structure du territoire et la dynamique des lieux de projet dans des contextes métropolitains. La thèse esquisse finalement les premiers traits d'une théorie des lieux transactionnels. / In 2000, the solidarity and urban renewal act leads to an increase of territorial planning (or strategic spatial planning) in a European context of planning activity boosting after a substitution period of plan to benefit localised projects. In France, territorial planning exercises (Scot) cope with increasing uncertainty about their capacity to manage territorial development. Recent experiences and changes in the legislative environment insist on implementation: planning is a continual process starting while the plan is being prepared. From orientations to actions, the thesis questions the whole territorial planning process in terms of enhancing its effectiveness. During the period 2009-2012, the research-action work resulted from an industrial research agreement (Cifre) within the Lyon Urban Planning Agency, coordinator of the territorial planning for the Lyon metropolitan area (inter-Scot). Within this coordination mechanism, Metropolitan interface areas (EIM) are places at stake on the border of several planning approaches and where politicians committed to increase their cooperation actions. Two EIM constitute the main fields of study related to the thesis: areas surrounding Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport and the A89 motorway between Lyon and Balbigny. These territories are identified around major structure elements, or territorial invariants, and form important levers of implementation: the thesis introduced as such the concept of transactional places as new places projects to be prioritized today in territorial planning process. By comparing the Lyons case of study with the global French system and planning experiences selected in England, Germany and Italy, the thesis gives a central place to interactions between the stakeholders responsible for planning, the territory structural elements and the dynamics of projects places in metropolitan contexts. The thesis finally outlines the first features of a transactional places theory.

Esta tese considera caminhoneira a mulher que, para além de ser motorista de caminhão, opta por trabalhar com rotas longas. Desenvolvemos a problemática da elaboração da identidade de gênero no trabalho por parte da caminhoneira, especialmente do ponto de vista das características de uma atividade itinerante. A carona é a parte constituinte de uma pesquisa etnográfica, que visa à participação ativa da pesquisadora nas viagens da caminhoneira e à participação das caminhoneiras enquanto locutoras desta realidade a ser descoberta, o que é característico da observação participante. A entrada da mulher no mercado de trabalho e, recentemente, sua ocupação em trabalhos ainda considerados masculinizados nos leva à emergente produção de outro olhar sobre os fenômenos. A identidade é vista a partir do entendimento pós-moderno de S. Hall relacionado com a noção de identificação, diferença e différance, a fim de pensar a realidade da caminhoneira de modo articulado com sua rotina itinerante, por ser vista pelo outros enquanto desviante. É visto que a mulher incorpora ações consideradas masculinizadas para ser aceita em um grupo em sua maioria masculino, mas, ao mesmo tempo, busca enfatizar sua feminilidade ali colocada em questão. Gênero no trabalho é tratado a partir de A. Hochschild e E. Souza-Lobo, a fim de evidenciar elementos que emanam dos formatos de legitimação dos papéis e identidades sociais solidificados na atualidade. As distinções de sexo e gênero são feitas com base em L. Nicholson e A. Piscitelli, que contribuem acerca da proposição de categorias de gênero descritivas e analíticas. Ainda, A. Brah, que percorre historicamente os conceitos de diferença, diversidade e diferenciação, sobretudo através do ponto de vista das intersecções de raça e etnia e a crítica feminista à biologia do sexo de M. Hird, que desconstrói o mito de suposta vantagem de força física. Utilizamos a compreensão de não-lugares de M. Augé para tratar da transitoriedade característica da ocupação, já que os resultados apontam para o desenrolar de uma identidade de fronteira. Por se tratar de uma profissão que é considerada masculina – no sentido de ser algo incomum à prática das mulheres, elencamos aspectos do estigma e dos disfarces. Abordamos a temática do trabalho através dos processos de trabalho e a perspectiva da organização, disciplina e divisão do trabalho, como M. Perrot e J. Neffa. Um entendimento das hierarquias, dos poderes e da divisão sexista do trabalho proposta, entre outros, por Bourdieu, e as formas de subjetivação – sentidos e sofrimentos, são abordados pela perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes e de C. Dejours, onde enfatizamos a maternidade como principal entrave à continuidade da mulher na atividade de caminhoneira. Contudo, há indícios de outras formas de organização familiar que mostram não só a entrada da mulher na atividade do marido, mas a saída dele, junto com a mulher, no momento da maternidade. Por fim, destacamos que, embora a mulher esteja conquistando novos espaços de trabalho, as relações hierárquicas e de poder se reorganizam no interior das instituições, criando novas relações de gênero, mas não menos desiguais. / This thesis considers female truck driver the women who, besides being truck drivers, choose to work long routes. The problem of setting up gender identity in the workplace was developed by analyzing the female truck driver, especially from the point of view of the characteristics of an itinerant activity. Riding along is a constituent part of an ethnographic research, which aims at the researcher’s active participation in the female trucker’s journeys and the participation of the female truck drivers as a voice to be heard over this reality to be discovered, which is typical of participant observation. Women’s entry into the job market and, recently, women’s occupation in jobs still considered meant for man, leads us to the emerging production of a new point of view on the phenomena. Identity is seen from the postmodern understanding of S. Hall related to the notion of identity, difference and différance in order to see the female truck drivers’ reality connected with their itinerant routine, seen by others as odd. It is observed that women embody actions considered masculine in order to be accepted in a group, in its majority composed by men, but at the same time, they seek to emphasize their femininity, which is called into question. Gender in the workplace is handled from A. Hochschild and E. Souza-Lobo, in favor of highlighting elements that emanate from the legitimation formats of social roles and identities which are solidified nowadays. The distinctions of sex and gender are made based on L. Nicholson and A. Piscitelli, who contribute on the proposition of descriptive and analytical gender categories. Also, A. Brah, who historically covers the concepts of difference, diversity and differentiation, particularly through the point of view of race and ethnicity intersections and the feminist criticism towards the biology of sex of M. Hird, who deconstructs the myth of supposed physical strength advantage. M. Augé's understanding of non-places was used to address the transience quality of occupation, since the results point to the development of a marginal identity. Because it is a profession considered masculine—in the sense of being something unusual to the practice of women, aspects of stigma and disguises were listed. The issue of work is addressed through the work processes and the perspective of the organization, discipline and division of labor, as in M. Perrot and J. Neffa. An understanding of the hierarchies, the powers and the sexist division of labor proposed, among others, by Bourdieu, and forms of subjectivation - senses and suffering, are covered by the theoretical perspective of R. Antunes and C. Dejours where motherhood is emphasized as the main obstacle to the continuity of women in the truck driving activity. However, there is evidence of other forms of family organization that show not only the women's entry into the husband's activity, but his leaving with his wife when motherhood comes. At last, it is pointed out that although women are conquering new workspaces, hierarchical and power relations are reorganized within the institutions, creating new gender relations, but no less unequal. / Esta tesis considera camionera a la mujer que, además de ser motorista de camión, opta por trabajar con rutas largas. Desenvolvemos la problemática de la elaboración de la identidad de género en el trabajo por parte de la camionera, especialmente del punto de vista de las características de una actividad itinerante. El aventón es la parte constituyente de una pesquisa etnográfica, que visa la participación activa de la investigadora en los viajes de la camionera y la participación de las camioneras en cuanto a locutoras de esta realidad a ser descubierta, lo que es característico de la observación participante. La entrada de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo es, recientemente, su ocupación en trabajos aún considerados masculinizados, nos lleva a una emergente producción de otra visión sobre los fenómenos. La identidad es vista a partir del entendimiento pos-moderno de S. Hall relacionado con la noción de identificación, diferencia y différance, con el objetivo de pensar la realidad de la camionera de modo articulado con su rutina itinerante, por ser vista por los otros en cuanto desviante. Es visto que la mujer incorpora acciones consideradas masculinizadas para ser acepta en un grupo, en su mayoría masculino, pero, al mismo tiempo, busca enfatizar su femineidad colocada en cuestión. Género en el trabajo es tratado a partir de A. Hochschild y E. Souza-Lobo, a fin de evidenciar elementos que emanan de los formatos de legitimación de los papeles e identidades sociales solidificadas en la actualidad. Las distinciones de sexo y género son hechas con base en L. Nicholson y A. Piscitelli, que contribuyen acerca de la proposición de categorías de género descriptivas y analíticas. Aún, A. Brah, que transcurre históricamente los conceptos de diferencia, diversidad y diferenciación, sobre todo a través del punto de vista de las intersecciones de raza y etnia, y la crítica feminista la biología del sexo de M. Hird, que reconstruye el mito de supuesta ventaja de fuerza física. Utilizamos la comprensión de no-lugares de M. Augé para tratar de la transitoriedad característica de la ocupación, ya que los resultados apuntan para el descubrir de una identidad de frontera. Por tratarse de una profesión que es considerada masculina – en el sentido de ser algo poco común la práctica de las mujeres, enumeramos aspectos del estigma y de los disfraces. Abordamos la temática del trabajo a través de los procesos de trabajo y la perspectiva de la organización, disciplina y división del trabajo, como M. Perrot y J. Neffa. Un entendimiento de las jerarquías, de los poderes y de la división sexista del trabajo propuesta, entre otros, por Bourdieu, y las formas de subjetivación – sentidos y sufrimientos, son abordados por la perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes y de C. Dejours, donde enfatizamos la maternidad como principal obstáculo a la continuidad de la mujer en la actividad de camionera. Con todo, hay indicios de otras formas de organización familiar que muestran no solo la entrada de la mujer en la actividad del marido, pero la salida de él, junto con la mujer, en el momento de la maternidad. Por fin, destacamos que, aunque la mujer esté conquistando nuevos espacios de trabajo, las relaciones jerárquicas y de poder se re-organizan en el interior de las instituciones, creando nuevas relaciones de género, pero no menos desiguales.

Como distintas pedagogias entram em funcionamento nos espaços-tempos noturnos da metrópole? Para responder tal questão, o objetivo principal desta tese consistiu em dar visibilidade às pedagogias que se configuram e operam na noite da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa tratou de investigar como determinados lugares públicos noturnos proporcionam condições que ensejam experiências de aprendizagem implicadas com o que denomino pedagogias da noite. Posicionada no campo dos Estudos Culturais em Educação e partindo de pressupostos teóricos acerca das transformações culturais destacadas por S. Hall, T. Eagleton, Z. Bauman e R. Williams, a pesquisa se insere nas discussões levantadas por autores como H. Giroux, S. Steinberg, E. Ellsworth, M. V. Costa. V. C. Camozzato e P. D. Andrade em torno da pluralização do conceito de pedagogia e de seus espaços de atuação. O primeiro movimento da pesquisa procurou mapear representações da noite no campo das Artes, bem como nas produções das Ciências Humanas e Sociais em que o tema tem sido objeto de estudo. Tal levantamento evidenciou diferentes olhares, tanto para a formação de imaginários noturnos quanto para a diversidade de experiências vividas na noite, sugerindo distintos modos de condução em seus espaços-tempos. O segundo movimento consistiu nas saídas de campo em que o pesquisador-flâneur traçou rotas noturnas na região central de Porto Alegre. Os lugares noturnos selecionados foram três viadutos, duas ruas de um bairro boêmio e um grande parque da cidade. A pesquisa fez uso de uma metodologia de investigação híbrida, utilizando procedimentos inspirados na “etnografia pós-moderna” praticada por S. Gottshalk, na técnica da “observação casual” descrita por Lorite García e na “metodologia polifônica” adotada por M. Canevacci. O corpus de análise foi composto a partir das observações e registros das práticas sociais noturnas e dos relatos de sujeitos abordados nos lugares investigados. Viver na solidão, apegar-se aos pertences pessoais e protegê-los, assim como a desconfiança, resultam de aprendizagens daqueles que habitam nos viadutos à noite. Nas ruas boêmias, a adoção de formas estéticas, os encontros e a busca de relacionamentos afetivos são comportamentos aprendidos nas pedagogias da noite. Aprender a conhecer as intenções do outro pelo uso de “táticas” e “habilidades” realçaram-se como experiências no convívio laboral noturno. Comum a todos os lugares e relatos, evidenciaram-se experiências em que o medo e a insegurança promovem aprendizagens para a proteção na vida urbana noturna. Autores como R. Sennett, M. Canevacci, M. Maffesoli, Yi Fu-Tuan, M. Certeau, J. Larrosa e D. W. Winnicott embasaram as discussões analíticas. A relação do “eu” com o outro e com o lugar foi identificada como linha mestra das experiências de aprendizagem desenvolvidas por meio das condições exteriores e de como são interiorizadas pelos sujeitos. Intrínsecos aos modos de viver e aprender, esses movimentos de “exteriorização” e “interiorização” permitiram visualizar como as pedagogias se configuram e operam na noite. Funcionando como movimentos de articulação, as pedagogias da noite ensejam experiências em que os sujeitos aprendem tanto a conduzir quanto a conduzir-se e serem conduzidos nas situações e condições que determinados lugares noturnos da metrópole proporcionam. / How different pedagogies work in the metropolis nocturnal time space? In order to answer this question, the main objective of this thesis consists of give visibility to the pedagogies that are configured and operate in the night of Porto Alegre city, RS, Brazil. Therefore, the research sought to investigate how certain nocturnal public places provide conditions that entice learning experiences implied with what I call pedagogies of the night. Inscribed in the field of Cultural Studies in Education and based on theoretical assumptions about the cultural transformations highlighted by S. Hall, T. Eagleton, Z. Bauman and R. Williams, the research is inserted in the discussions raised by authors such as H. Giroux, S Steinberg, E. Ellsworth, MV Costa. V. C. Camozzato and P. D. Andrade around the pluralization of pedagogy concept and its spaces of acting. The first research movement pursued to map the representations of the night in the Arts field, as well as in the productions of Social and Human Sciences in which the subject has been object of study. This collection evidenced the different views, both for the nocturnal imaginaries formation and for the diversity of experiences lived at night, suggesting different modes of conduction in their time-spaces. The second movement consisted of field outing in which the researcher-flâneur traced nocturnal routes in the central region of Porto Alegre. The selected night spots were three viaducts, two streets of a bohemian neighborhood and a large city park. The research used a hybrid research methodology, utilizing procedures inspired by the "postmodern ethnography" practiced by S. Gottschalk, by the "casual observation" technique described by Lorite García and by "polyphonic methodology" adopted by M. Canevacci (2005). The corpus of analysis was composed from the observations and records of the nocturnal social practices and the subject’s reports approached in the investigated places. Living in solitude, clinging to personal belongings and protecting them, as well as the distrust, result as learnings of those who inhabit viaducts at night. In the bohemian streets, the adoption of aesthetic forms, the encounters and the search for affective relationships are behaviors learned in the pedagogies of the night. Learning to know each other's intentions through the use of "tactics" and "abilities" have been emphasized as experiences in the life at night. Common to all places and reports, there have been experiences in which fear and insecurity promote learning for protection in the urban night life. Authors like R. Sennett, M. Canevacci, M. Maffesoli, Yi Fu-Tuan, M. Certeau, J. Larrosa and D. W. Winnicott supported the analytical discussions. The relation of the "self" to the other and with the place was identified as the main line of learning experiences developed through external conditions and how they are internalized by the subjects. Intrinsic to the ways of living and learning, these movements of "exteriorization" and "interiorization" allowed to visualize how the pedagogies are configured and operate at night. Functioning as articulation movements, the pedagogies of the night provide experiences in which the subjects learn to drive and conduct themselves as well as to be conducted in the situations and conditions that certain metropolis nocturnal places provide.

Cette thèse porte sur la sociabilité dans la ville de Tunis à la période coloniale. Cette ville qui a connuun dédoublement urbain, par l'installation d'une ville européenne à côté de la ville arabe. C’est cephénomène particulier qui justifie notre thèse, dont les conséquences ne se réduisent pas au seul cadrephysique, mais touchent aussi bien la société, les normes et les valeurs culturelles.Les corpus de notre étude sont des composants urbains publics de la ville de Tunis qui peuvent êtreorganisés ou spontanés ; les rues, les cafés et les salles de spectacles, dans lesquels on a testél’intensité de la sociabilité. Chaque espace se caractérise par une forme urbaine spécifique, ce qui luidonne plusieurs formes d'occupations, manifestant l'entente ou le conflit et de multiples manières decontrôles policiers.Dans la société coloniale, on trouve des structures d’intégration qui idéalisent la société réelle et desstructures de refus comportant le projet d’une société future meilleure pour ses membres. Nous endéduisons un conflit entre trois communautés ; la nation française qui tente de garder sa haute mainsur la Tunisie, les italiens qui rêvent de reconstruire leur ancien empire Romain, et les tunisiens quiaspirent à retrouver leur indépendance. Ce contexte a permis l'émergence de la personnalité nationaletunisienne. En effet, la loi qui régissait la vie sociale dans la ville de Tunis à l’époque coloniale ; c’estle conflit du pouvoir. / This thesis speaks about the sociability in the town of Tunis in the colonial era.This town that lived a double urban life; Arabian and European at the same time. This phenomenon is the main point in this thesis, not only as concerns the place of life but also society values and cultural characteristics.The places of interest in our research are urban and public constituents that are formal and informal: roads, Cafés, Theatres....where we tested the degree of sociability. Each space is characterised by a pacific urban feature that takes many forms of occupations reflecting conflict of harmony, and multiple manners of police control.In the colonial society, we find different modes of integration that idealize the local society or refuse it aiming at sitting the project of a future society considered better for members. We deduce a conflict between three communities: a first one that is the French nation that tries to keep an upper hand on Tunisia, a second one which consists of the Italians who dream of building their ancient Roman Empire, a third one that includes Tunisians who want to regain power over their country and to get independence. This context led to the emergence of a national personality. In fact the main characteristic of the social life in Tunis in the colonial era is a conflict of powers.