A presente dissertação tem como propósito estudar o que denominamos herói anti-existencialista do romance Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos, ao analisar sua dificuldade de auto-afirmação diante do mundo de que faz parte, a qual o conduzirá à ação central do livro, o assassinato de Julião Tavares. Escamoteando essa causa subjetiva dos afetos aparentes, os sentimentos de opressão e inferioridade, o protagonista irá atribuí-los ao exterior, à sua existência citadina, ao convívio com o outro, ao rival, Julião Tavares. A dificuldade de auto-afirmação causa de ordem subjetiva desses afetos aparentes , com origem no passado da infância, na não superada rivalidade edipiana, ameaça trazer a tona dois afetos latentes, que se revelam por meio da narrativa digressiva, enquanto forma de auto-análise, a saber: o medo da castração simbólica, e a culpa pelo desejo da morte do pai na infância. Daí a necessidade de escamoteá-la, atribuindo-se ao exterior, a uma causa de ordem objetiva, portanto, os sentimentos de opressão e inferioridade, o que engendrará a idéia de vingança, motivo aparente do assassinato. No ato de vingança estaria implicado um valor anacrônico, com origem na sociedade patriarcal, na qual vivera o menino Luís da silva, a saber: a prática da violência naturalizada, enquanto expressão do sentido arcaico da liberdade, a liberdade ilimitada. Nesse sentido, o caráter anti-existencialista do herói o levará para a livre escolha do assassinato, como forma imprópria de tentar superar os sentimentos de opressão e inferioridade, cuja conseqüência será o aniquilamento do seu ser, descaminho da sua liberdade. / This dissertation aims at studying the anti-existentialist hero in Angústia, a novel by Graciliano Ramos. In doing so, one analyzes the character´s difficulty of self-affirmation to the world in which he lives, and which will occasionally take him to the central action of the story, that is, the murder of Julião Tavares. As to hide the underlying causes of the apparent affections i.e., feelings of oppression and inferiority , the protagonist will tie them to exterior elements, such as the fact that he lives in town or to the fact that he lives with his enemy, Julião Tavares. The difficulty of self-affirmation is the cause for the underlying apparent affections and has its origins on his childhood, instead of being based on the surpassed oedipal rivalry. It risks bringing up two underlying affections shown up in the story by means of digressions in moments of self analysis done by the character. There are the fear of symbolic castration, end the guilty for wishing for his father´s death when he was a child. This is why he feels the need of hiding them and ties their existence to exterior reasons, to something objective, and this is why he feels inferior and oppressed. Ultimately, there are reasons that will make him wish for revenge and will also constitute the reasons for murder. There is an anachronistic value implied on such revenge, whose origin goes back to the patriarchal society in which the boy Luís da Silva lived: the common naturalized violence as an expression of the archaic sense of freedom an unlimited freedom. In this sense, the anti-existentialist trace of the hero will take him to the free will of murdering as an improper way trying to overcome the feeling of oppression and inferiority, whose consequence will be his own annihilation, a misleading of his freedom.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Antonio da Silva Alves.pdf: 32568238 bytes, checksum: d14afa75cb90b9cfb963182fc6e55821 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-30 / The objectives of this master of sciences dissertation was leading studies about the first police organizations historically acting in São Paulo: the civil police and rnilitary police. Watching the police experiences in some places of São Paulo, mainly in São Paulo city, the studies looked for observing the intense rivalry historically existed among the police organizations, colleting the reasons of rivalry to justify the integration difficulties between organizations in formation of a completed cycle of polire services based on duality prevention-repression. Initially, the problem is presented through the narration of real cases registered in peaces of police reports and criminal occurrence inscriptions, which situations envelops military and civil policemen in conflict relation. It follows a brief historical summary of the police organizations acting in the country, for necessity to conceptualize the origin fiom the first models of policing likes military police and civil polire. lt follows the next period that shows the influence of this models in formation the polire organizations in the country, mainly in São Paulo state. The theme about the São Paulo's police organizations proceeds with the historical definition of police acting during the after-64 period to referee distinct police cultures existed in police, also the power mechanisms will arder this police organizations acting. It presents forms of individual unless satisfactions in the police officers that serve like a motive to initiate the rights movements, observing rare moments ofsincere police integration. After, the reforming police proposals are approved, in a reality of contention of policing crisis face on the absence of integration. Also, the political proposals of socialist parties in the 2002 election to the republic presidency and the governar of state, about the public security and police reforming, were observed in this studies, in perspective to solve the policing conflicts. The municipal guards were observed in the quality of contrai mechanisms and agents of police practices in the cities of São Paulo state, and their inclusion of discussion about rivalry police, as well it's observed the proposals about the utilization of federal police effectives to improving the police servires in São Paulo. At last, the dissertation analyses the maintenance of the actual police models during a disciplinary society, fixing on the social foundation of the existence and rivalry among the existed police organizations / Esta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo conduzir um estudo sobre as principais organizações policiais historicamente em atividade em São Paulo: a polícia civil e a polícia militar. Observando as experiências de policiamento em alguns municípios de São Paulo, principalmente na capital paulista, procurou o estudo ater-se à intensa rivalidade havida historicamente entre as organizações policiais, colhendo-se as razões dessa rivalidade para justificar as dificuldades de integração entre corporações na formação do ciclo completo de policiamento constituído do binômio prevenção-repressão. Inicialmente, o problema é apresentado através da narração de casos reais registrados em peças de inquérito e boletins de ocorrências, cujas situações envolviam policiais militares e civis em relação de conflito. Segue-se um breve sumário histórico da atuação das organizações policiais, para que seja contextualizado o surgimento dos primeiros modelos de policiamento do pefil militar e civil, para em seguida demonstrar-se a influência desses modelos na formação das organizações policiais no país, sobretudo no estado de São Paulo. A abordagem sobre as organizações policiais paulistas prossegue com a definição histórica da atuação das polícias no período pós-64, para assim referenciar culturas policiais distintas existentes nas polícias, assim como os mecanismos de poder que irão pautar a atividade dessas organizações. Apresenta-se um quadro de insatisfações individuais, que serve como mote para movimentos reivindicatórios, vislumbrando-se raros momentos de integração policial espontânea. São aproveitadas, em seguida,as propostas de reforma do aparato policial, numa realidade de contenção da crise do policiamento face a ausência de integração. Também foram observadas as propostas da coligação de partidos de esquerda no pleito eleitoral de 2002 para a presidência da república e para o governo do estado, no que tange à segurança pública e a reforma policial, na perspectiva de dirimir os conflitos entre as polícias. São observadas as guardas municipais, enquanto mecanismos de controle e agentes de práticas policiais nos municípios paulistas, e sua inclusão na discussão da rivalidade policial, como também são observadas as propostas de aproveitamento dos efetivos da polícia federal no aprimoramento do policiamento em São Paulo. Por fim, a dissertação analisa a manutenção dos modelos policiais vigentes nos rumos de uma sociedade disciplinar, estabelecendo o fundamento social da existência e rivalidade das corporações policiais existentes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Antonio da Silva Alves.pdf: 32568238 bytes, checksum: d14afa75cb90b9cfb963182fc6e55821 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-30 / The objectives of this master of sciences dissertation was leading studies about the first police organizations historically acting in São Paulo: the civil police and rnilitary police. Watching the police experiences in some places of São Paulo, mainly in São Paulo city, the studies looked for observing the intense rivalry historically existed among the police organizations, colleting the reasons of rivalry to justify the integration difficulties between organizations in formation of a completed cycle of polire services based on duality prevention-repression. Initially, the problem is presented through the narration of real cases registered in peaces of police reports and criminal occurrence inscriptions, which situations envelops military and civil policemen in conflict relation. It follows a brief historical summary of the police organizations acting in the country, for necessity to conceptualize the origin fiom the first models of policing likes military police and civil polire. lt follows the next period that shows the influence of this models in formation the polire organizations in the country, mainly in São Paulo state. The theme about the São Paulo's police organizations proceeds with the historical definition of police acting during the after-64 period to referee distinct police cultures existed in police, also the power mechanisms will arder this police organizations acting. It presents forms of individual unless satisfactions in the police officers that serve like a motive to initiate the rights movements, observing rare moments ofsincere police integration. After, the reforming police proposals are approved, in a reality of contention of policing crisis face on the absence of integration. Also, the political proposals of socialist parties in the 2002 election to the republic presidency and the governar of state, about the public security and police reforming, were observed in this studies, in perspective to solve the policing conflicts. The municipal guards were observed in the quality of contrai mechanisms and agents of police practices in the cities of São Paulo state, and their inclusion of discussion about rivalry police, as well it's observed the proposals about the utilization of federal police effectives to improving the police servires in São Paulo. At last, the dissertation analyses the maintenance of the actual police models during a disciplinary society, fixing on the social foundation of the existence and rivalry among the existed police organizations / Esta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo conduzir um estudo sobre as principais organizações policiais historicamente em atividade em São Paulo: a polícia civil e a polícia militar. Observando as experiências de policiamento em alguns municípios de São Paulo, principalmente na capital paulista, procurou o estudo ater-se à intensa rivalidade havida historicamente entre as organizações policiais, colhendo-se as razões dessa rivalidade para justificar as dificuldades de integração entre corporações na formação do ciclo completo de policiamento constituído do binômio prevenção-repressão. Inicialmente, o problema é apresentado através da narração de casos reais registrados em peças de inquérito e boletins de ocorrências, cujas situações envolviam policiais militares e civis em relação de conflito. Segue-se um breve sumário histórico da atuação das organizações policiais, para que seja contextualizado o surgimento dos primeiros modelos de policiamento do pefil militar e civil, para em seguida demonstrar-se a influência desses modelos na formação das organizações policiais no país, sobretudo no estado de São Paulo. A abordagem sobre as organizações policiais paulistas prossegue com a definição histórica da atuação das polícias no período pós-64, para assim referenciar culturas policiais distintas existentes nas polícias, assim como os mecanismos de poder que irão pautar a atividade dessas organizações. Apresenta-se um quadro de insatisfações individuais, que serve como mote para movimentos reivindicatórios, vislumbrando-se raros momentos de integração policial espontânea. São aproveitadas, em seguida,as propostas de reforma do aparato policial, numa realidade de contenção da crise do policiamento face a ausência de integração. Também foram observadas as propostas da coligação de partidos de esquerda no pleito eleitoral de 2002 para a presidência da república e para o governo do estado, no que tange à segurança pública e a reforma policial, na perspectiva de dirimir os conflitos entre as polícias. São observadas as guardas municipais, enquanto mecanismos de controle e agentes de práticas policiais nos municípios paulistas, e sua inclusão na discussão da rivalidade policial, como também são observadas as propostas de aproveitamento dos efetivos da polícia federal no aprimoramento do policiamento em São Paulo. Por fim, a dissertação analisa a manutenção dos modelos policiais vigentes nos rumos de uma sociedade disciplinar, estabelecendo o fundamento social da existência e rivalidade das corporações policiais existentes

<p>Males and females differ in morphology and behaviour, so that selection acts differently on the two sexes. This changes the relative reproductive success of males and females, and it is beneficial for parents to bias the sex ratio of their broods in favour of the sex with the best survival and breeding prospects. Differences between the sexes and brood sex ratio in Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in northern Sweden were investigated, using a molecular sexing technique based on PCRamplification of sex-linked CHD1 genes. Among owls caught during autumn migration, females were commoner than males, especially within juveniles. However, in contrast to earlier studies, it was shown that adult males sometimes undertake migratory movements indicatory of nomadism. Measurements of these owls revealed that sexual size dimorphism in Tengmalm’s owl is not as great as previously reported from studies carried out during the breeding season. Females were slightly larger (4% by mass) than males, probably owing to the different roles of males and females during breeding, when this dimorphism is greater. The size difference between male and female nestlings was found to be similar to that for adults in autumn, and to investigate whether this led to differential mortality, the effect of supplementary feeding on mortality of male and female nestlings was studied. Supplementary feeding reduced male mortality when vole abundance was low, and it was concluded that larger female nestlings out-competed their smaller brothers, who then suffered increased mortality when food was scarce. Recruitment of male nestlings into the breeding population declined with decreasing food supply at the time of fledging, a pattern not observed in females. Juvenile males were therefore more vulnerable to food shortage than females, both in the nest and after fledging. Mean brood sex ratio varied significantly among years characterized by different phases of the vole cycle and associated vole abundance. Broods were male-biased (63% males) in a year when the food supply was favourable during spring and summer, neutral (50%) in a year with an intermediate food supply, and female-biased (35% males) in a year when food was in short supply. Parents appeared to adaptively adjust the sex ratio of their broods according to the relative mortality risk and reproductive potential of sons and daughters.</p>

Males and females differ in morphology and behaviour, so that selection acts differently on the two sexes. This changes the relative reproductive success of males and females, and it is beneficial for parents to bias the sex ratio of their broods in favour of the sex with the best survival and breeding prospects. Differences between the sexes and brood sex ratio in Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in northern Sweden were investigated, using a molecular sexing technique based on PCRamplification of sex-linked CHD1 genes. Among owls caught during autumn migration, females were commoner than males, especially within juveniles. However, in contrast to earlier studies, it was shown that adult males sometimes undertake migratory movements indicatory of nomadism. Measurements of these owls revealed that sexual size dimorphism in Tengmalm’s owl is not as great as previously reported from studies carried out during the breeding season. Females were slightly larger (4% by mass) than males, probably owing to the different roles of males and females during breeding, when this dimorphism is greater. The size difference between male and female nestlings was found to be similar to that for adults in autumn, and to investigate whether this led to differential mortality, the effect of supplementary feeding on mortality of male and female nestlings was studied. Supplementary feeding reduced male mortality when vole abundance was low, and it was concluded that larger female nestlings out-competed their smaller brothers, who then suffered increased mortality when food was scarce. Recruitment of male nestlings into the breeding population declined with decreasing food supply at the time of fledging, a pattern not observed in females. Juvenile males were therefore more vulnerable to food shortage than females, both in the nest and after fledging. Mean brood sex ratio varied significantly among years characterized by different phases of the vole cycle and associated vole abundance. Broods were male-biased (63% males) in a year when the food supply was favourable during spring and summer, neutral (50%) in a year with an intermediate food supply, and female-biased (35% males) in a year when food was in short supply. Parents appeared to adaptively adjust the sex ratio of their broods according to the relative mortality risk and reproductive potential of sons and daughters.

This thesis examines Nietzsche’s relationship to Socrates through his positive philosophy of education, arguing that the latter is crucial to resolving the apparent contradictions of the former. While there is a good deal of literature dealing with Nietzsche’s criticisms of the educational system of his day, there is relatively little on his own account of what education should be. I point out that the Greek conception of agon (roughly “contest” in English), is central to Nietzsche’s understanding of education, and informs his ideal of the student-mentor relationship. This is the model on which, I contend, Nietzsche’s relation to Socrates needs to be interpreted. Such an interpretation helps to make sense of, and reconcile, the divergent pictures of Socrates Nietzsche presents in his texts, which are sometimes admiring and imitative, sometimes hostile and contemptuous, and have led to conflicting interpretations within the scholarship on this subject. My analysis aims to shed new light on both the figure of Nietzsche’s Socrates, and Nietzsche’s philosophy of education, by relating these to one another.

Bei der Replikation monotoner Sequenzen tritt theoretisch ein Vorgang auf, den wir als „Basenkonkurrenz“ bezeichnen: Da sich an jeder Replikations-Stelle mehrere Basenbausteine bewerben, aber immer nur einer benötigt wird, bewerben sich die übrig gebliebenen Bausteine an den jeweils nächsten Replikations - Positionen und erlangen wegen der fortwährenden Beschleunigung durch elektrostatische Anziehung immer größere kinetische Energien. Das führt dazu, dass an einer bestimmten Stelle der replizierenden monotonen Sequenz der eine Partner der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung ein hohes Energieniveau erreicht. Es wird berechnet, dass sich dadurch kurzzeitig eine sehr hohe Bindungsenergie zwischen den beiden Partnern der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung einstellt, wodurch der in dieser kurzen Zeitspanne wirkende DNA-Reparaturmechanismus unterdrückt wird. Die Auswirkungen der hohen Basenkonkurrenz – Energien werden berechnet (hohe Bindungsenergien der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, Tunnelvorgänge, irreparable Mutationen). Die Folgen dieser Erscheinung sind Tumorbildung, Alterung, Veränderung der DNA – Struktur, Beeinflussung der Evolution, worauf im Einzelnen eingegangen wird. Es zeigt sich, dass die negativen Auswirkungen der Basenkonkurrenz vorwiegend bei zu niedriger Viskosität des Zellplasmas auftreten.

The following report describes the pre-production, production, and post-production of the short film, 8.BIT.BROS, designed from its inception to fully exploit the years-developed, cumulative and varied skills of its director. The fantastical narrative focuses on the strained emotional dynamic between two adult brothers that have yet to come to terms with having witnessed their father’s death as children. Their trauma is dramatized and encapsulated in the videogame-themed psychotic hallucinations of the film’s protagonist. The director’s specialized skill-set was put to practical use in both the creation of animatronic creature effect, “Commander Gorgo,” and during the post-production phase of the film, wherein green screen compositing, animation, and motion graphics were used at length to bring the narrative life. / text

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Habilitationsschrift--Hamburg. / Bibliography: p. 171-182.