Title Outdoor excercising - muscle imbalance reduction instrument Summary This thesis main topic is pre-school children muscle imbalance problems. Theoretical part deals with importace of execercising for pre-school children and postural functions together with respiratory systems using the Matthias test are pointed out in theoretical part. Next part deals with a mapping of possible physical activities which can help to eliminate muscle imbalances. The main topic of practical part is children appliance physical system and bellows vital capacity analysis. In next part is evaluated muscle imbalances caused by outdoor games and activities and children respiratory system. Then is mentioned influence of outdoor exercising regarding to indoor activites in nursery schools. There is also mentioned possible influence of outdoor activities outside of nursery schools on pre-school childern optimal posture. The main goal of this thesis is to find out if movement activities and outdoor excercising influence posture positively and prevent muscle imbalance of pre-school childern. Key words Muscle imbalance, pre-school, correct and faulty posture, Matthias test, outdoor exercising, indoor activities in nursery school.

O trabalho analisa os registros escritos produzidos por quatro professoras que atuavam com dois grupos de crianças de 2 a 3 anos em um Centro de Educação Infantil da rede municipal de educação da cidade de São Paulo e que participavam de um processo de formação continuada realizado por uma organização não-governamental ao longo de dois anos. A análise dos registros dos dois grupos apontou que a maioria das atividades mencionadas é realizada coletivamente, ou seja, a mesma proposta é oferecida para todas as crianças, ao mesmo tempo, o que sugere que as crianças têm longo período de espera. Os registros mostraram que o trabalho com as sequências de leitura proposto pelo projeto de formação trouxe um diferencial à rotina das crianças, que passaram a escutar histórias lidas todos os dias e um repertório de enredos, imagens e personagens passou a fazer parte do cotidiano dos dois agrupamentos. Os dados apreendidos dos registros revelaram uma ausência de conhecimentos sobre a natureza do papel de professor de crianças pequenas. Muitas de suas formas de agir são emprestadas do ensino fundamental. A sequência dos registros, porém, revela que as professoras passaram a considerar cada vez mais o ponto de vista das crianças. A análise feita apontou que os registros diários das práticas pelas professoras podem ser instrumentos estruturantes do trabalho por elas realizado, e que devem ser incorporados na prática dos coordenadores pedagógicos responsáveis pela formação continuada das equipes nas unidades. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the written records produced by four teachers in charge of two groups of children aged between 0-3 at a school which belongs to São Paulos City Council network. For a period of two years these teachers underwent a process of continuous formation by a non-governamental organization of Education for Teachers. The analyses of the records regarding both groups showed that most of the activities mentioned by the teachers were carried out in a collective way; in other words, the same task was proposed to all the children at the same time, which indicates that the latter were kept waiting for long periods of time. The records reveal that the work done on reading sequences as proposed in the teachers Training Course provided the childrens life at school with a distinguishing new element: they were given the opportunity to listen to stories which were read to them each and every day so that both groups were able to include in their daily routine a repertoire of plots, characters and images. However, the data collected from the teachers written material revealed their unawareness of important forms of knowledge regarding the nature of their role in teaching very young children. It was found that these teachers employed the kind of actions typically used at Elementary or Grade School. Nonetheless, the analysis of the sequence of their written records makes it clear that these teachers increasingly came to take into account the childrens point-of-view. The conclusion that can be drawn from the careful analysis of daily written records of their teaching is that they constitute a structuring element in the work carried out and should, therefore, be incorporated into the practice of school coordinators, responsible for the continuous training of their teams.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianogarcialourencao_dissert.pdf: 833601 bytes, checksum: 00a7823458263c5ee5f67007f775ba5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-26 / Respiratory infections account for more than 25% of the whole medical, pediatric, outpatient and hospital services. Around 90% of those infections are related with viral agents. RSV is an important agent identified in those diseases. This study aimed at assessing the frequency of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in children aged from 0 to 6 years with upper respiratory infection diseases (URID) from a nursery school, and to associate the clinical and epidemic data of mild degree of URID with the viral agent. The children had a daily follow-up in the period from July 2003 to July 2004, and viral investigation for RSV by means of Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in the children's nasopharyngeal secretions that presented signs of breathing infection. A total of 259 events of URID in 173 children have occurred. A hundred twenty-two (70.5%) children were over 2 years in the beginning of the follow-up and 94 (54.3%) were male. The monthly number of episodes ranged from 0 to 53. RSV was diagnosed in 27 (10.5%) samples, and it was more frequent between the months of July to September. The signs observed in the children with RSV infection were coryza in 26 (96.3%) episodes, nasal obstruction in 19 (70.4%), coughs in 15 (55.6%), wheezing in 3 (11.1%) and sneeze and fever in 2 (7.4%) episodes. Antibiotics were administered in 16 (6.2%) episodes of breathing infection. One (3.7%) infection episode by RSV received treatment with antibiotic. One (0.4%) serious episode had developed for hospitalization. A high frequency of RSV was observed among the children from nursery school with mild breathing infections, mainly from the beginning of the autumn to the spring; the most frequent signs in the infections for RSV were cough, coryza and nasal obstruction; there was association between nasal obstruction and infections by RSV. / As infecções respiratórias são responsáveis por mais de 25% de todo o atendimento médico pediátrico, ambulatorial e hospitalar. Em torno de 90% dessas infecções estão relacionadas com agentes virais. O Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) é um importante agente identificado nessas afecções. Esse estudo objetivou estimar a freqüência do VSR em crianças com idade entre 0 e 6 anos com infecção das vias aéreas superiores (IVAS), procedentes de uma creche e associar os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos da IVAS de grau leve com o agente viral. Foi realizado seguimento diário das crianças no período de julho de 2003 a julho de 2004 e investigação virológica para VSR através de Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR), em secreções nasofaríngeas das crianças que apresentaram sinais de infecção respiratória. Ocorreram 259 episódios de IVAS em 173 crianças. Cento e vinte e duas (70,5%) crianças tinham mais de 2 anos de idade no início do segmento e 94 (54,3%) eram do sexo masculino. O número mensal de episódios variou de 0 a 53. O VSR foi diagnosticado em 27 (10,5%) amostras e foi mais freqüente nos meses de julho a setembro. Os sinais observados nas crianças com infecção por VSR foram coriza em 26 (96,3%) episódios, obstrução nasal em 19 (70,4%), tosse em 15 (55,6%),chiado em 3 (11,1%) e espirro e febre em 2 (7,4%) episódios. O uso de antibióticos ocorreu em 16 (6,2%) episódios de infecção respiratória. Um (3,7%) episódio de infecção por VSR recebeu tratamento com antibiótico. Houve 1 (0,4%) episódio grave que evoluiu para internação. Observou-se uma alta freqüência de VSR entre as crianças com infecções respiratórias leves, principalmente do início do outono ao início da primavera; os sinais mais freqüentes nas infecções por VSR foram tosse, coriza e obstrução nasal; houve associação entre obstrução nasal e infecções por VSR.

DIPLOMA THESIS SUMMARY This thesis is aimed at reciprocal relationships between parents, the state and the nursery school. The key focal point of this research is a pre-school child and his needs as these are what the aforementioned institutions mainly concern themselves with. The theoretical part scrutinises the institutions. It explains their functions and examines their mutual relationships with the pre-schooler's needs in view. It characterizes the contemporary family and their current expectations. The diploma deals with provision of pre-school education by, the state as well as establishement and financing of nursery schools. It outlines historical development of the nursery school as an institution and reviews characteristics of a pre-school child. It also looks at various need assessment frameworks. The empirical part of the thesis is based on various hypotheses, some of which were aimed at awareness and review of the pre-school child's needs from the point of view of the teachers and the parents and some which were focused on satisfying the needs by the nursery school with respect to the child's individuality. The thesis discusses whether the regulations around pre-school education are in compliance with the needs of the children comparing obtained analytical data with the current situation in...

The thesis named "Opinions of opinions of contemporary mothers on the upbringing and education of children up to three years " examines and describes the services of day care centres for children up to three years in the Czech Republic in context with the family policy of our country and the Barcelona aims. Contemporary education possibilities of children up to three years in the selected states of EU in connection with their respective family policy are outlined too. The thesis also includes a research investigation of problematic questions concerning the upbringing and education of children up to three years, whose aim was to determine the concrete opinions and attitudes of the examined group of 75 mothers with children up to three years towards the family and non-family care in the region of Mladá Boleslav and its surroundings. It also examines which options of the children early care are used by mothers most often and what are the reasons behind. In the practical part of the thesis the general awareness of mothers about the options of the day care for children up to three years, including the personal attitude towards the nursery, was established. The harmonization of working and family roles represents an intensively discussed issue not only in our country, but in the whole European scale....

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Fabiana Alves.pdf: 784972 bytes, checksum: 387aa4a7c0538ad6bdc4162b646bcf36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / The current program to produce certified citrus nursery in the state of Goiás provides that the seedlings must be grown in protected environment for screen approves of insect vectors and grown in containers with substrate free of pathogens. The citrus agribusiness in Goiás has a great potential for production and there are few information on the basis of an orchard and made the changes. Meet the march of absorption of nutrients in citrus nursery is a prerequisite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the march of growth and absorption of nutrients in citrus nursery grown in greenhouse in the state of Goiás The experiment was conducted under commercial greenhouse in the municipality of Goiânia, GO, june 2007 to may 2008. The door-graft was used lemon and clove to orange pear scion variety. The fertigation was provided after transplanting of seedlings, three times a week and the nutrients: N = 226, P = 150, K = 176, Ca = 190, Mg = 288, S = 128.8, Fe = 3.0 , Zn = 30, Cu = 48 and Mn = 25 g 1000 L-1. Every 30 days, after emergence, were assessed the following parameters: chemical characteristics of the substrate, evaluation of biometric data, production of biomass and accumulated levels of macronutrients and micronutrients in citrus nursery by age of the plant. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a split-plot, with plots (root, stem, leaf and whole plant) and subplots the stage of development (30 to 360 days after emergence) with three replications. In determining the height and growth of seedlings, we used a ruler graduated in centimeters, taking as reference the distance from the neck to the apex of the changes. The diameter was measured in the neck of the plant using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm. The total biomass accumulated by the seedlings at the end of their training was 31.66 g.plant-1.The N, Ca, Mg and Cu is accumulated more in leaves. The P has had its highest average concentration observed in the stem. The K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn are accumulated in greater quantity in the roots. The nutrients are absorbed in greater quantity in the following order: N > Ca > K > P> Mg > S. The micronutrients were absorbed in greater quantity in the following order: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn. The higher accumulation of nutrients occurs from 150 to 180 days after emergence and 300 days after emergence. The average levels of nutrients accumulated in orange pear on the rootstock on lemon clove g plant-1 were: N 1.058, P 0.236, K 0.632, Ca 0.871, Mg 0.143 and S 0.105. The cumulative average levels of micronutrients in mg plant-1 were: Cu - 0.2036, Fe - 2.1188, Mn - 0.8694 and Zn - 0.0534. The accumulation of nutrients in parts of the plant followed the following order: leaf > stem > root, and the accumulation of micronutrients in the following order: root > leaf > stem. / O atual programa para produção de mudas cítricas certificadas no estado de Goiás determina que as mudas devem ser produzidas em ambiente protegido por tela aprova de insetos vetores e cultivadas em recipientes com substrato livre de patógenos. O agronegócio citrícola em Goiás tem um grande potencial de produção e poucas são as informações sobre a base de um pomar bem formado, a muda. Conhecer a marcha de absorção de nutrientes de mudas cítricas é condição indispensável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes em mudas cítricas cultivadas em ambiente protegido no estado de Goiás. O experimento foi realizado sob estufa comercial no município de Goiânia, GO, de junho de 2007 à maio de 2008. O portaenxerto utilizado foi o limão cravo e variedade copa a laranja pera. A fertirrigação foi fornecida após o transplantio das mudas, três vezes por semana e com os nutrientes: N = 226; P = 150; K = 176; Ca = 190; Mg = 288; S = 128,8; Fe = 3,0; Zn = 30; Cu = 48 e Mn 25 g 1000 L-1. A cada 30 dias, após a emergência, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: características químicas do substrato, avaliação dos dados biométricos, produção de fitomassa e teores acumulados de macro e micronutrientes nas mudas cítricas em função da idade da planta. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo split-plot, sendo as parcelas (raiz, caule, folha e planta inteira) e subparcelas o estádio de desenvolvimento (30 a 360 dias após a emergência) com três repetições. Na determinação da altura e crescimento das mudas, foi utilizada uma régua graduada em centímetros, tomando como referência à distância do colo ao ápice da muda. O diâmetro foi medido na região do colo da planta com a utilização de um paquímetro digital com precisão para 0,01 mm. O total de fitomassa acumulado pelas mudas no final de sua formação foi de 31,66 g planta-1.O N, Ca, Mg e Cu acumularam-se mais nas folhas. Já o P teve sua maior concentração média observada no caule. O K, S, Fe, Mn e Zn acumularamse em maior quantidade nas raízes. Os macronutrientes foram absorvidos em maior quantidade na seguinte ordem: N > Ca > K > P > Mg > S. Os micronutrientes foram absorvidos em maior quantidade na seguinte ordem: Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn. O maior acúmulo de nutrientes ocorre dos 150 a 180 dias após a emergência e aos 300 dias após a emergência. Os teores médios de macronutrientes acumulado em laranja pera sobre portaenxerto limão cravo em g planta-1 foram: N 1,058; P 0,236; K 0,632; Ca 0,871; Mg 0,143 e S 0,105. Os teores médios acumulado de micronutrientes em mg planta-1 foram: Cu 0,2036; Fe 2,1188; Mn 0,8694 e Zn 0,0534. O acúmulo de macronutrientes nas partes da planta obedeceu a seguinte ordem: folha > caule > raiz, e o acúmulo de micronutrientes obedeceram a seguinte ordem: raiz > folha > caule.

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, na linha de pesquisa “Fundamentos e Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde da Mulher, Criança e Adolescente”. Trata-se de um estudo de origem qualitativa, cujo referencial teóricometodológico é a Análise de Discurso da linha francesa apresentada por Michel Pêcheux. O objetivo desta investigação foi compreender os possíveis efeitos de sentidos produzidos a partir do discurso da mídia impressa jornalística no ano de 2005, sobre a atuação das profissionais enfermeiras no atendimento ao parto normal. O corpus desta pesquisa foi constituído por: a) documentos oficiais acerca das políticas de atenção a saúde da mulher no Brasil e do incentivo à formação e manutenção do enfermeiro na cena de parto; b) materiais que abordavam a evolução histórica da parturição no mundo e no Brasil; c) documentos referentes à legislação profissional e deontologia das categorias profissionais Enfermagem e Medicina, e legislação do ensino da Enfermagem; d) materiais escritos e materiais visuais publicados na mídia impressa jornalística, questionando e/ou defendendo o parto feito por enfermeiras. O período escolhido para a coleta de informações contidas na mídia impressa jornalística, foi o ano de 2005, propositalmente em virtude dos fatos e muitas discussões ocorridas. Os jornais escolhidos para a coleta de dados são conhecidos como: Zero Hora e Correio do Povo. Analisar o discurso e a mídia impressa jornalística pretendeu evidenciar as práticas de parto e sua historicidade, ficando evidente o perfil intervencionista que possuímos em relação à parturição no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise realizada evidencia a legalidade na atuação da enfermeira obstétrica no parto, mas não a legitimidade social e profissional. / The present dissertation was developed in the Nursery Pos Graduation Program of the University of Rio Grande do Sul, in “Nursery fundamentals and practice in woman, children and teenagers health”. It is a qualitative origin study, which theoretical and methodological referral is the speech analysis of the french thought presented by Michel Pêcheux. The aim of this investigation was the analysis of the possible effects of sense produced by the press media speech during the year of 2005, about the professional nurses job attending vaginal delivery. The sources of the research were: a) Official documents related to woman health attending policy in Brazil and the incentive of the nurse development and maintenance in the delivery scene; b) Materials about the delivery historical evolution in the world and in Brazil; c) Documents about Nursery and Medicine professional legislation and deontology and Nursery teaching legislation. d) Press and visual materials published in journalistic press media questioning and/or defending the delivery attended by nurses. The period of time chosen to collect the information contained in the journalistic press media was the year of 2005, especially because of the large amount of facts and discussions occurred during this time. Zero Hora and Correio do Povo were the elected newspapers for the collection of information. By analyzing the journalistic press media speech, it was intended to highlight the delivery practice and its history, making more evident the intervening profile of the professionals in parturition situations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The present analysis makes evident the legality of obstetric nurse attendance during parturition, but the lack of social and professional legitimacy. / La presente dicertación fue desarrollada en el Programa de Post Grado en Enfermeria de la Universidad Federal de Rio grande do Sul, en la línea de investigación “Fundamentos y Prácticas de Enfermeria en Salud de la Mujer, Niño y Adolescente. Tratase de un estúdio de origen cualitativa, en el cual el referencial teórico y metodológico es el análisis del discurso de línea francesa presentada por Michel Pêcheux. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analisar los posibles efectos de sentido producido por el discurso de los medios de comunicación graficos en el ano de 2005, referidos de la actuación de los professionales de enfermeria en la asistencia al parto normal. La fuentes de esta investigación fueron: a) Documentos oficiales acerca de políticas de atención a salud de la mujer en Brasil y el incentivo a la formación y mantenimiento del enfermera en la escena del parto; b) Materiales sobre la evolución histórica del parto en el mundo y en Brasil; c) Documentos referentes a constituición professional y deontologica de Enfermeria y Medica, y constitución de la ensenanza de enfermeria; d) Materiales escritos y visuales publicados en los medios graficos de comunicacion cuestionando y/o defendiendo el parto asistido por enfermeras. El período de tiempo elegido para recolectar las informaciones contenidas en los medios graficos fue el ano 2005, especialmente por los hechos y discusiones ocurridas. Los diários elegidos para la recopilacion de datos son conocidos como: Zero Hora y Correio do Povo. Analisar el discurso y los medios graficos pretendio dejar evidenciado las prácticas del parto y su história, reflejando el perfil intervencionista que poseemos en relación a parturición en la Província de Rio Grande do Sul. El analisis realizado expone todavia la legalidad en la actuación de enfermeras obstétricas en el parto, pero no hay legitimidad social y professional.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Luci Zimmermann Lando.pdf: 3057659 bytes, checksum: 44eaf1d6102f10a89865884b13924a92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20 / The study aimed to investigate practices of teaching with play activities in early childhood education in nursery school and their role in mental and emotional development of children. Such activities were understood as part of those knowledge, skills and attitudes to be internalized by children at this age, in schools. The research was an application of a teaching experiment which content was to carry out ludics activities aimed at changing students' mental actions in relation to expected levels of mental and emotional development. The research was based on theoretical historicalcultural theory and the theory of developmental teaching of V. Davidov. The accomplishment of the experiment and its analysis allowed to proving the effectiveness of the professor in the progress of the mental processes of children requiring, however, firm and determined actions of the teacher, a minimal structure of class organization to carry on teaching activities and students and unrestricted respect for social, cultural and psychological of children needs. / O estudo teve por objetivo investigar práticas de ensino com atividades lúdicas na Educação Infantil em creche e seu papel no desenvolvimento mental e afetivo das crianças. Tais atividades foram entendidas como parte integrante daqueles conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes a serem internalizadas por crianças dessa faixa etária, em escolas. A pesquisa consistiu da aplicação de um experimento didáticoformativo, cujo conteúdo foi a realização de atividades lúdicas visando mudanças nas ações mentais dos alunos em relação a níveis esperados de desenvolvimento mental e afetivo. A investigação teve como base teórica a teoria histórico-cultural e a teoria do ensino desenvolvimental de V. Davidov. A realização do experimento e sua análise permitiram comprovar a eficácia do trabalho da professora no progresso dos processos mentais das crianças exigindo-se, no entanto, atuação firme e determinada da professora, uma estrutura mínima de organização da classe para levar em frente as atividades docentes e discentes e respeito irrestrito às características sociais, culturais e psicológicas das crianças.

The diploma thesis focuses on the role of teacher assistant in the nursery class. Its aim is to capture the activities that the assistant teacher performs in this class through qualitative research. The main aim of the research was to describe the activities of the teacher assistant that support pupils directly in the logopedic class of the kindergarten. The research was carried out at the nursery class of the kindergarten. The case studies of five pupils were processed on the basis of documentary analysis and observation and teacher assistant activities were categorized. It has been found that pupils has disruptive communication skills that has been shown since the beginning of development and, besides communication skills, involves in other areas of development. Teacher assistant pays attention to all pupils in the class. Activities that encourage them to engage in education and all kindergarten activities do not differ in content. His work focuses mainly on ensuring understanding, orientation and involvement of pupils in every situation. KEYWORDS Teacher Assistant, Pupil with Special Educational Needs, Speech and Language Disorders, Nursery School, Class for children with speech and language disorders, Special Education

Nearshore marine environments are known to be highly productive systems with relatively high faunal diversity and abundances, but these systems are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts from anthropogenic disturbances that can result in habitat degradation. Despite these challenges, many shark species of various life stages utilize coastal shelf habitats, inshore estuaries, and bays. The inshore habitats of Cumberland and Nassau Sounds in northeast Florida have been proposed as potential nursery grounds by earlier work, but this suggestion did not satisfy all of the standard criteria of shark nursery designation. It has recently been stated that the combination of surveys inside and outside suspected nursery habitats, especially those incorporating mark-recapture studies, would provide a very comprehensive test of the nursery criteria. A primary objective of the present study was to initially describe the composition and abundance of shark populations utilizing the nearshore habitats of northeast Florida, while also comparing them to inshore communities, with emphasis on spatial and temporal variations in assemblages. Fishery-independent longline sampling was conducted across the region and while considerable overlap of species were observed, significant differences in community structure between inshore and nearshore locations were detected. Specifically, the inshore waters of the First Coast support nursery habitat designation for Atlantic sharpnose, blacktip, and sandbar sharks after satisfying the accepted criteria. Given the high amounts of spatial and temporal overlap observed along the First Coast, relative trophic niche dynamics were also investigated via stable isotope analysis of two tissue types. These results revealed varying trophic niche sizes in the long term, but suggest some degree of shared resource use when animals are present on the First Coast. The identification of factors that influence coastal shark habitat utilization, such as competition and resource use, can contribute to understanding and predicting how they may respond to future environmental changes.