In this study we have investigated how local journalists in Kalmar think when they choose their sources to interview. We have also studied several factors that can affect their choices of sources. We have interviewed eight news journalists from the two largest local news papers Barometern and Östran in Kalmar. The journalists were asked about the sources they often use as interview objects. They were supposed to tell about how they think when choosing sources and define which sources they commonly use. There are different factors that can affect the choices and we have narrowed them down to ethics, source critics, credibility, stress, hard production conditions, public and their own interest and if they consider themselves to be individualistic or controlled by the news desks. Furthermore the journalists were asked to characterize what changes they would make when choosing sources in a perfect world. All of the journalists had not reflected prominently on the subject of sources before our research. But most of them could perceive different views. Hence the study became essential for them as well as us. We found various perspectives very interesting. For instance the interviews showed that the journalists frequently use the same sources on account of the limitation of time and number of sources in Kalmar. There is a lack of using intimidating sources which opinions the journalists do not agree with. The personal network of sources is crucial to the reporter in finding important information and relevant interview objects. The reporters in our research are more individualistic than controlled by the news desks. However the news bosses may affect their choices of sources by telling them which sources are credible and worthy to fit in the news papers. Sometimes they even arrange interviews with sources. The journalists seek within themselves to find out what the readers may be interested in. But captivatingly they cannot know for sure what the public will appreciate to read.

The Swedish right-wing party the Sweden Democrats gathered much attention during the Swedish general election of 2010. The party’s immigration policy clashed with other major Swedish parties perceptions and the Sweden Democrats got major coverage in Swedish media even before the election had taken place. Despite controvercies surrounding the party, they eventually succeeded in getting into the parliament. This study explores how the coverage of the Sweden Democrats in five large Swedish newspapers has changed between 2009 and 2013. This was done by studying two periods, each period taking place a year before the next general election. This study aims to provide information on how reporting may change due to factors such as the subject, in this case the Sweden Democrats, gaining political power. The study was conducted using quantitive content analysis on a total of 402 articles retrieved from Mediearkivet. The result shows that negative reporting regarding the Sweden Democrats has been diminished after the party made their way into the parliament. It also shows that although the coverage of the party has been increased since the election of 2010, the party is also less likely to be the main subject of the articles in which it is mentioned. This study explores the normalization of a controversial party in a democracy.

Foreign correspondence is essential for our understanding of the world and therefore it is paramount that we be aware of how it is affected by modern technology and altered economic conditions. In this study we set out to investigate the state of foreign correspondence today, in comparison to twenty years ago. More specifically we compared foreign news articles from a week in 1993 and the same week in 2013, in the Swedish newspapers Expressen and Dagens Nyheter. We chose these newspapers as we felt they each represented a different area of Swedish journalism, DN being a regular morning newspaper and Expressen being a tabloid newspaper. We looked mainly at three things in the articles: who was the writer, i.e. was the article by a correspondent, a news agency or someone else, what source was used and what part of the world was it about. We then made comparisons between both the different years and the different newspapers, as well as current and twenty years old lists of correspondents. According to the material we looked at there were some clear differences between foreign correspondence 1993 and 2013. Overall the number of correspondents has gone down, although the difference is mainly due to changes made by Expressen, while DN had a much smaller decrease. The number of articles written by correspondents had similarly decreased, however the total number of foreign articles had not. And for Expressen the number of articles based on their own information had actually increased. And so had the number of countries covered during that week. To cover for the decrease in articles written by foreign correspondents, DN had mainly increased their use of news agencies, while Expressen had a considerably larger share of articles written by journalists who are not regular foreign correspondents. The decrease of foreign correspondents had had no negative effect on the amount of articles, covered countries or articles based on the newspapers own information. With an increasingly globalized world, having journalist stationed around it has become less necessary to keeping up a large quantity of foreign articles. Journalism is, however, about more than quantity, and there is reason to be cautious of a foreign journalism that is increasingly written by people lacking specialized knowledge of the area they are writing about.

This paper is about cyber-bullying, the youth’s experience and how the papers image of cyber- bullying looks. The relevance of this essay be to be found in the aim of the research of the cyber bullying today. By examining how the youth’s usage and experience’s - and the papers image of cyber-bullying in the social media, it will be possible to create an understanding for how the social media is represented today. And in the next stage having the ability to work against the cyber bullying. Two methods is used in the studie, a text analysis and a survey. The text analysis is based on a total of 257 articles from two of the biggest tabloids in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen, and the biggest daily news papers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. All the articles has been publicized between 2010-01-01 to 2013-12-31. The aim of the text analysis was to collect the papers picture of cyber bullying. A survey was created to corral information about the youth’s experience. The survey was sent to two schools in Stockholm, the junior high school Rålambshovsskolan and the high school Thorildsplans gymnasium. The survey resulted in 68 answers where the experience of the youth summarized. The result of the text analysis showed that cyber bullying in the news papers makes up a picture of that the woman is the victim of the bullying, Facebook and Instagram is the most popular social medias, and that Facebook is the most common to be bullied on. But it also showed that the writer of the articles is using metaphors to tone up an feeling. The writer can decide what credibility different statements will have depending on with which words the writer describe the statements. The result of the survey showed that Kik, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat was the most used social media. And that a majority of 54 of 68, had read something mean about someone they know on social media. 42 persons had not been exposed to cyber bullying, but 13 said that they had been, and the same number said that they didn’t know if they hade been cyber bullied. Facebook was mentioned as the most common social media to be exposed to cyber bullying on. 
 The author of the articles has the power to influence the persons that have pronounced in the articles credibility. This factors will in the end influence on the public, which will create their opinions based on what they read. This showed that the concept cyber bullying is obscure, the youth has to know if they are cyber bullied or not, and they have to know if they are cyber bullying someone or not.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur mediers gestaltning av mat och matlagning reproducerar livsstilar och identiteter. De senaste åren har mat börjat förekomma alltmer frekvent i olika medier. Varje dag släpps en ny bok om matlagning i Sverige, när vi bläddrar bland kanalerna på tv:n visas nästan alltid någon form av matlagningsprogram och i affären syns rader av matmagasin i tidningsställen. I genomförandet av vår undersökning har vi valt att använda oss av identifikationsteorin och teorin om användarperspektivet. För att göra detta har vi gjort en kvalitativ textanalys av artiklar ur två svenska tidningar, Dagens Nyheter och Allt om mat. Med hjälp av ett kodschema har varje artikel analyserats på både makro- och mikronivå. För att få en historisk översikt och landa så nära nutid som möjligt har vi gjort nedslag i 1973, 1993 och 2013. Resultatet av vår studie visar att det har skett en förändring i matjournalistiken. De tidigare nedslagen var det maten som stod i fokus. Men mellan 1993 och 2013 har det skett en förskjutning i fokus. Det är människorna bakom maten som får störst utrymme i artiklarna. Möjligheterna till identifikation är mycket större 2013 än var de var 1973 och 1993.

From the end of the Second World War until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 the world was divided. An iron curtain separated the world into two parts, east and west. These were dominated by the two great powers, the Soviet Union and the USA. The contradictions between the great powers should characterize the whole period that was named the Cold War. USA and the Soviet Union never met in open confrontation during this time, but it happened indirectly in the many conflicts that occurred during the Cold War. The Vietnam War (1964-1975) and the Afghanistan War (1979-1989) were two conflicts in which the great powers brought war against smaller states and the non-fighting part supported the resistance against the great power.   The purpose of this study is to examine the three Swedish newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens nyheter och Norrskensflamman, and thereby discover how they reported during the Vietnam War and the Afghanistan War.  We seek the answer on following questions: What did the reporting looked like during the Vietnam War and the Afghanistan War and how did it change over time? How does the newspapers political point of view appear on the editorial pages? Which international outlook can be seen in the news report and which are the similarities and differences?   In order to do this we’ve used a qualitative method. The result shows that three different international outlooks are described in the newspapers. We can also confirm that the political point of view for each newspaper is confirmed by the standard reporting and primarily by the content of the editorial pages.

The purpose of this study is to show how the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet andDagens Nyheter reported on and described Dag Hammarskjöld as a man and a symbolat the time of his death in 1961. The method for the research has been a qualitativethematic analysis of the content in the articles published from the date ofHammarskjöld´s death to the day after the funeral. The study has been based on theoriesabout newspapers roles in the construction of imagined communities, the use of mythsand the objectifying of abstract ideas in news texts.I have found that the investigated newspapers described Dag Hammarskjöld assynonymous with the United Nations, the world peace and a hope for the future. He wasalso described as a link between the present and the past in the Swedish history at thesame time as he was described as a man of the people. He was representing“Swedishness” in an international context and the cosmopolitan. The Swedish peoplewere described as a silent anonymous group mourning a great man and a fellowcountryman.The study shows that Dag Hammarskjöld became a complex figure thatrepresented not only him self but also Swedish qualities and norms.

2012 was the year when the podcast had a breakthrough in Sweden. As media corporatehouses developed, they adopted new forms to mediate journalistic material, whereas the podcasts was one of them. The podcast has had a rather informal reputation in Sweden in contrary to The United States and Great Britain, where it holds a higher sense of prestige and professionalism. It is therefore relevant to investigate what happens when media corporatehouses i Sweden embraces the podcast through themes such as tabloidization, commercialism, convergence and divergence. We chose to investigate the content of the podcast in the tabloid press Aftonbladet, and in the serious press, Dagens Nyheter. We also compared the two to see if there is a difference in content when it comes to journalistic principles. Through a qualitative method we analyzed the podcasts with a framework consisting of different themes. By using a directed content analysis, we assumed from certain theories whilst staying open minded against unexpected themes. We discovered that while the podcast could be a form of journalism, it is a new way of mediating it. Podcasts from both newspapers were mainly commercialized and consisting of  “soft news” as the journalists assumed a personal role. The form itself allows the content to be subjective and informal, whilst providing a forum for public debate, to inform and investigate. Although, most podcasts did not provide that. We believe that the podcast possibly will develop into a more professional product in Sweden, just as the blog in recent years, when adopted by media corporations.

The purpose of this study was to examine in which extent the comments about news in the comment fields, on Swedish news sites Facebook pages were deliberative. To fulfill this purpose we used a quantitative content analysis as a method to interpret the data that we collected about 2203 reader comments from three news sites Facebook pages. Jürgen Habermas theory about deliberative democracy together with theories about public space and Web 2.0 were the theories we based our study on. To determine that a comment was deliberative it had to contain an argument and be written with tolerance and respect. Our result showed that most comments lacked either one or both of these criteria’s and therefore weren’t deliberative. This study helps to show in which extent the comments about news on Facebook are deliberative.

Titel: Hafva vi i Norrland ett Wästindien? – En kvantitativ, beskrivande studie om användningen av begreppet Norrland i riksmedierna   Författare: Mats Andersson, Hampus Hagstedt   Kurs, termin och år: Journalistik GR (c) C-uppsats HT 2014   Antal ord i uppsatsen: 10 831   Problemformulering och syfte: En förenklad bild av Norrland i mediers rapportering leder till att människor får stereotypa uppfattningar om Norrland och den negativa bilden blir grund för den framtida journalistiken. Ett användande av Norrland som etikett för hela norra halvan av Sverige leder till att hela regionen blir samma sak i läsarnas ögon, trots att det finns stora kulturella, samhälleliga och geografiska skillnader mellan de olika platserna i Norrland. Syftet med denna studie har varit att granska hur rikstidningarnas bild av begreppet Norrland ser ut i egenproducerade nyhetsartiklar. Vi klarlägger i vilka typer av nyheter begreppet Norrland förekommer och i vilken utsträckning Norrland framställs som ett problemområde i artiklar där begreppet Norrland används. Vi får svar på vilken geografisk nivå nyhetsartiklar som innehåller ordet Norrland preciseras till, hur ofta ett storstadsperspektiv används som måttstock i artiklar där Norrland används som geografisk referens och i vilken utsträckning artikelförfattare använder postkoloniala gestaltningar från orientalismen i texter där ordet Norrland ingår.   Metod och material: Med kvantitativ innehållsanalys med gestaltningsteorin och frågeställningar inspirerade av orientalismen har vi undersökt nyhetsrapporteringen från och om Norrland i Sveriges fyra största dagstidningar Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Expressen och Aftonbladet under åren 2005, 2009 och 2013.   Huvudresultat: I Stockholmsbaserade rikstidningarnas nyhetsrapportering är stereotypisering av landsdelen Norrland mycket svår att finna.   Nyckelord: Gestaltning, Norrland, Norrlänning, Orientalism, Stereotyp, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet, Expressen, Kvantitativ innehållsanalys, Rikstidningar.