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Resistência de acessos de quiabeiro à murcha-de-fusário / Identification of okra accessions with resistance to Fusarium wiltAGUIAR, Frederick Mendes 24 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Okra is a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, being a rich source of vitamins and mineral salts. Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum – FOV) is one of the major field diseases of okra in tropical areas. In the present work, 53 okra accessions and the commercial cultivar Santa Cruz 47 were evaluated aiming to identify sources of resistance to Brazilian FOV isolates and to study the resistance stability of the selected accessions to different pathogen isolates. An initial screening was carried out with only one FOV isolate (Fus-194). In the second assay, thirty-three accessions identified in the first screening were re-evaluated in two assays (in two different seasons) using two FOV isolates (Fus-194 and Fus-201). The resistance evaluation was carried out with 21 day-old plantlets, using the root-dipping inoculation procedure, utilizing a spore suspension of 1x106 conidia/mL. The evaluation was done using a disease severity grade system with grades ranging from 0 to 4. These grades were used to generate a disease index that was employed for clustering the accessions according to their reaction to FOV. In the evaluation carried out in August (average temperature of 19,8°C) only 12 out the 32 accessions (i.e. 37%) were rated as having high to intermediate resistant response to Fus-194 isolate. Only 28% of the accessions were classified within the high to intermediate resistance cluster when using the Fus-201 isolate. In the assay carried out in October (higher temperatures) 72% of the accessions were classified as resistant and intermediate resistant to Fus-194 isolate, whereas 32% were resistant to isolate Fus-201. Our results indicated that the Fus-201 isolate was more aggressive than Fus-194. Comparative analysis of the assays indicated that the overall aggressiveness of the isolates was higher in August than in October assay. The accessions BR-2399 and BR-1449 as well as the commercial cultivar Santa Cruz 47 were the most promising accessions displaying higher levels of stable resistance against the two Brazilian FOV isolates.Okra is a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, being a rich source of vitamins and mineral salts. Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum – FOV) is one of the major field diseases of okra in tropical areas. In the present work, 53 okra accessions and the commercial cultivar Santa Cruz 47 were evaluated aiming to identify sources of resistance to Brazilian FOV isolates and to study the resistance stability of the selected accessions to different pathogen isolates. An initial screening was carried out with only one FOV isolate (Fus-194). In the second assay, thirty-three accessions identified in the first screening were re-evaluated in two assays (in two different seasons) using two FOV isolates (Fus-194 and Fus-201). The resistance evaluation was carried out with 21 day-old plantlets, using the root-dipping inoculation procedure, utilizing a spore suspension of 1x106 conidia/mL. The evaluation was done using a disease severity grade system with grades ranging from 0 to 4. These grades were used to generate a disease index that was employed for clustering the accessions according to their reaction to FOV. In the evaluation carried out in August (average temperature of 19,8°C) only 12 out the 32 accessions (i.e. 37%) were rated as having high to intermediate resistant response to Fus-194 isolate. Only 28% of the accessions were classified within the high to intermediate resistance cluster when using the Fus-201 isolate. In the assay carried out in October (higher temperatures) 72% of the accessions were classified as resistant and intermediate resistant to Fus-194 isolate, whereas 32% were resistant to isolate Fus-201. Our results indicated that the Fus-201 isolate was more aggressive than Fus-194. Comparative analysis of the assays indicated that the overall aggressiveness of the isolates was higher in August than in October assay. The accessions BR-2399 and BR-1449 as well as the commercial cultivar Santa Cruz 47 were the most promising accessions displaying higher levels of stable resistance against the two Brazilian FOV isolates. / O quiabo é uma hortaliça de alto valor alimentício e uma importante fonte de vitaminas e sais minerais. Dentre os problemas fitossanitários que ocorrem no quiabeiro, a murcha-de-fusário, causada pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) é uma das mais importantes por proporcionar grandes perdas na produção. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar, em condições de casa de vegetação, a cultivar comercial Santa Cruz 47 e uma coleção de 53 acessos de quiabeiro, visando identificar fontes de resistência a FOV e analisar a estabilidade da resistência de acessos promissores a diferentes isolados do patógeno. Inicialmente foi conduzida uma triagem utilizando um único isolado de FOV (Fus-194). Em uma segunda etapa, trinta e dois acessos obtidos na primeira etapa, foram reavaliados para resistência ao FOV utilizando dois isolados (Fus-194 e Fus-201), em duas épocas do ano. A inoculação foi realizada em mudas com 21 dias após semeadura, pela imersão das raízes em suspensão de conídios (1x106 conídios/mL) do patógeno. A avaliação da severidade da doença foi realizada usando uma escala de notas, variando de 0 a 4. As notas foram transformadas em índice de doença (ID) e agrupadas em classes de acordo com a reação da doença. Na segunda etapa do trabalho realizado no mês de agosto de 2010 (temperatura média de 19,8°C), dos 32 acessos avaliados, 12 (37%) foram considerados altamente resistentes a medianamente resistentes ao Fus-194. Para o isolado Fus-201 apenas 28% foram classificados dentro dessas duas classes. No ensaio realizado no mês de outubro (temperatura média de 25°C) referente à segunda etapa desse trabalho, 72% dos acessos foram considerados medianamente a altamente resistentes ao Fus-194. Neste ensaio, 32% dos acessos foram resistentes ao isolado Fus-201. Os resultados demonstraram uma maior agressividade do isolado Fus-201 em relação ao isolado Fus-194. Os níveis de agressividade dos isolados testados foram maiores no ensaio realizado no mês de agosto do que em outubro. Os acessos BR-2399, BR-1449 e a cultivar Santa Cruz 47 apresentaram resistência estável aos dois isolados do patógeno tanto na etapa preliminar, quanto nas duas épocas de avaliação da segunda etapa do trabalho.
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Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal da dieta enriquecida com Hibiscus esculentus L. no modelo de inflamação intestinal induzida por TNBS em ratosOliva, Késsien Regina Sander January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Claudio Di Stasi / Resumo: A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal engloba duas principais doenças sendo elas a Doença de Crohn e a Retocolite Ulcerativa onde ambas se caracterizam por uma inflamação crônica do intestino, com períodos de exacerbação seguidos de intervalos prologados com remissão dos sintomas. Sua etiologia é considerada multifatorial e ainda pouco elucidada. Considerando-se que não existe cura, que os fármacos utilizados são de alto custo, além de apresentarem sérios efeitos colaterais e ainda muitos pacientes não responderem a esses tratamentos disponíveis, a busca por estratégias complementares de prevenção e tratamento dessa doença que combinem eficácia e segurança, como o uso de alimentos funcionais, compostos antioxidantes e compostos bioativos se apresentam como uma perspectiva promissora. Com base nisso, a espécie vegetal Hibiscus esculentus L. conhecida popularmente como quiabo, foi selecionada para o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal das dietas enriquecidas com o fruto no modelo experimental da inflamação intestinal induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico em ratos. Para tanto, a farinha dos frutos foi incorporada na dieta de ratos Wistar machos nas concentrações de 5% e de 10% por 28 dias antes e 7 dias após a indução do processo inflamatório intestinal. Os animais foram mortos no 35º dia e seus cólons foram extraídos. Para a caracterização da atividade anti-inflamatória intestinal foram analisados parâmetros macroscópicos (escore,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Inflammatory Bowel Disease comprises two major diseases, Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis where both are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine, with periods of exacerbation followed by prolonged intervals with remission of symptoms. This disease is multifactorial with complex and not fully elucidated etiology. Considering that there is no cure and the drugs may cause serious side effects, and many patients do not respond to the available treatments, researches focused on the development of new treatment strategies are important. The pursuit of complementary strategy of prevention and treatment of disease that combine effectiveness and safety, such as the use of functional foods, antioxidant compounds and bioactive compounds if known as a promising perspective. Based on this, a vegetable species Hibiscus esculentus L., populary known as okra, was selected for this study with the objective to evaluate the activity of enriched diet in the experimental model of intestinal inflammation induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats. For this, a fruit flour was incorporated in the diet of male Wistar rats in concentrations of 5% and 10% for 28 days before and 7 days after of induction of intestinal inflammation by TNBS. The animals were killed on the 35th day and their colons were removed. For the characterization of the intestinal antiinflammatory activity, were performed macroscopic studies (score, lesion length, weight ratio length of the colon, occurrenc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Avaliação da estabilidade termo-oxidativa do óleo das sementes de quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) / Evaluation of the thermo-oxidative stability of okra seeds oil (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)Carvalho, Maria Lucia Braga de 25 November 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The evaluation of thermo-oxidative stability is an essential factor for application
an of oil in the food industry. In addition, the increase consumption of vegetable
oils requires the evaluation of alternative oil sources as feedstock for biodiesel
production. This research investigated the thermo-oxidative stability of okra
seeds oil (with and without antioxidant) submitted to the Schaal test at 60 °C for
10 days. The oxidation process was evaluated by chemical parameters acidity
value (AV), iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), extinction value (E) for
conjugated dienes, oxidation temperature (OT), induction period (IP) and
oxidative induction time (OIT). The results showed that AV and IV values for oil
samples with (OQT) and without (OQ) the antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone
(TBHQ) do not changed after aging in oven. However, OQT samples showed
lower PV value, higher IP and OIT values than OQ samples hence high
oxidative stability. IP and OIT value for OQT samples remained constant as
function of time under heating in oven. Differently OQ samples presented
decreasing IP and OIT values and increasing IP value. Regarding to E value it
remained constant for OQT samples and increased around 35 % for OQ
samples. The increased value of E is an indication that there was formation of
conjugated dienes in samples without antioxidant. These data demonstrated the
importance of adding antioxidants to protect oil from oxidative degradation.
Another parameter used for the purpose of evaluate the oxidative stability of oil
has been monitoring the absorption bands in the infrared region, characteristic
of oxidation products. Evaluation of infrared spectra of the OQ samples do not
show changes in intensity or shifting in the bands that are altered with the
decomposition of hydroperoxides formed in heating test. Through
thermogravimetric analysis it was determined that the onset temperature
decomposition (Tonset) okra oil was higher than for olive, sunflower, canola,
soybeans and corn oils. This parameter shows more stability to the okra oil and
it was attributed to the fatty acid composition of this oil. Fatty acid composition
indicated predominance of linoleic acid (33.5 %) followed by palmitic
acid (25.2 %) and oleic acid (19.3 %). It was found that content of linoleic acid,
an acid more susceptible to oxidation, is lower when compared with soybean,
sunflower and corn oils. It also gives a value of saturated fatty acids (33.4 %)
higher than these edibles oils. The results obtained in this study showed that
okra seeds oil has good thermal and oxidative stability, and an indication of its
use as edible oil and potential source of feedstock for biodiesel. / A crescente demanda por óleos vegetais criou a necessidade de se avaliar
fontes oleaginosas alternativas para suprir esta procura. Como a oxidação é
um fator crítico inerente aos óleos vegetais, este trabalho visou contribuir com
dados de estabilidade térmica e oxidativa do óleo de quiabo, ainda não
explorado comercialmente. Esta pesquisa investigou a estabilidade termooxidativa
de amostras do óleo das sementes de quiabo, aditivadas ou não com
o antioxidante terc-butil-hidroquinona (TBHQ), submetidas ao teste de Schaal a
60 oC por 10 dias. O processo oxidativo foi avaliado pelos parâmetros químicos
índice de acidez (IA), índice de iodo (II), índice de peróxido (IP), absortividade
específica (E), período de indução (PI), tempo de indução oxidativa (OIT) e
temperatura de oxidação (OT). Os resultados mostraram que o valor de IA e II
para amostras de óleo com e sem TBHQ, codificadas respectivamente OQT e
OQ, não sofreu alteração após envelhecimento em estufa. No entanto, as
amostras OQT apresentaram menor valor de IP e maior valor de PI e OIT do
que as amostras OQ, mostrando maior estabilidade oxidativa. O valor de PI e
OIT das amostras OQT se manteve constante em função do tempo sob
aquecimento em estufa, diferentemente das amostras OQ, que apresentaram
valor de PI e OIT decrescente e IP crescente. Com relação ao valor de E, este
se manteve constante para as amostras OQT e aumentou em torno de 35 %
para as amostras OQ. O aumento do valor de E foi um indicativo que houve a
formação de dienos conjugados nas amostras sem antioxidante. Outro
parâmetro utilizado na avaliação da estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de quiabo foi
o monitoramento de bandas de absorção na região do infravermelho (IV),
características de produtos da oxidação. Nos espectros de IV das amostras OQ
e OQT não foram observadas mudanças na intensidade ou deslocamento nas
bandas que podem sofrer modificações com a decomposição dos
hidroperóxidos formados durante o teste de estufa. A temperatura onset de
decomposição (Tonset) do óleo das sementes de quiabo, determinada por
análise termogravimétrica, foi maior que para os óleos de girassol, soja e milho.
Este parâmetro demonstrou maior estabilidade para o óleo de quiabo, fato
atribuído à composição de ácidos graxos deste óleo. A composição em ácidos
graxos, determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de
massa, indicou predominância do ácido linoléico (33,5 %), seguido do ácido
palmítico (25,2 %) e ácido oléico (19,3%). O teor de ácido linoléico, um dos
ácidos mais susceptíveis à oxidação, foi menor quando comparado com os
óleos de soja, girassol e milho e o teor de ácidos graxos saturados (33,4 %) foi
maior que para estes óleos comestíveis. O conjunto de resultados obtidos
mostrou que o óleo das sementes de quiabo apresentou boa estabilidade
térmica e oxidativa, sendo um indicativo de seu uso como óleo comestível e
possível fonte de matéria-prima para biodiesel.
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Influence of heat, aluminium toxicity and exposure to Bacillus subtilis on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentusMathiba, Matsobane Taboga 25 February 2016 (has links)
Okra (Abelmuschus esculentus (L) Moench.) is one of the most popular crops within the Malvaceae family of plants. It is a common vegetable eminently cultivated in regions experiencing constraints to manage climate change. In South Africa climate change coupled with aluminium-enriched soils are responsible to drawbacks crop performance. Therefore, it is worthwhile to whether okra will thrive as an alternative crop in the country. Many studies have identified potential of okra to improve yields of resource poor farmers in Africa. The physiological responses of okra seed to variations in aluminium ions and temperature were not determined. Therefore, a study with okra, cv. Clemson Spineless, seed coated and uncoated with B. subtilis, was initiated to assess germination on moist filter paper in 90mm diameter Petri plates. Germination medium consisted of various concentrations of aluminium chloride (AlCl3), 0M, 0.001M, 0.01M, 0.05M and 0.1M. Each aluminium treatment was allocated into incubators adjusted to 22°C, 25°C and 37°C temperatures. This resulted into a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment with five replicates and was conducted in three cycles. Daily scores of germinated seeds were assessed from the second to the fifth day after initiation of germination. During termination, five days after the initiation of the experiment 10 seeds with the longest coleoptiles had their coleoptiles measured using a digital caliper. At the fifth day after initiation of the experiment, coleoptile lengths from 10 seeds per treatment were measured using digital caliper. A total of 50 plates (10 from 37°C in Cycle 1; 30 from 22°C, 25°C and 37°C from Cycle 2; 10 from 37°C in Cycle 3), were selected and germinated were ground and stored at - 20°C before 1H NMR analysis. Metabolites were extracted from 50mg ground seed material with 750 μL methanol-D4 and 750 μL buffer (deuterium oxide + potassium dihydrogen phosphate). The mixture was vortexed for three minutes, sonicated for 20 minutes, centrifuged at 18000 rpms for 20 minutes and the supernatant filtered through cotton wool. Then the supernatant was dispensed into NMR tubes for further 1H NMR spectroscopic processing using a 600 MHz NMR xiii
Varian spectrometer to generate magnetic spectra of the fifty samples. Results of this study demonstrated that in all the experimental cycles, regardless of aluminium concentration and bacterial seed coating, 37°C inhibited germination percentages and coleoptile lengths in okra seed germination. Germination percentages and coleoptile lengths of bacteria-coated seeds growing in 25°C were most stimulated at all aluminium concentrations, but not at 0.1M. In this temperature germination percentages and coleoptile lengths were highly influenced by the interaction of aluminium concentrations and bacterial coating, respectively. 1H NMR metabolomic association showed no distinct grouping, but clusters across treatments showed to be linked through a subset of metabolites amongst aluminium concentrations, bacterial seed coating and temperatures, respectively. This infers that treatment variations in both seed and bacterial physiological responses were associated through shared metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the study proved that 25°C provide temperature environment within which B. subtilis can be able to stimulate growth and remediate physiological constraints from aluminium ions during okra seed germination. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Influence of heat, aluminium toxicity and exposure to Bacillus subtilis on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentusMathiba, Matsobane Taboga 25 February 2016 (has links)
Okra (Abelmuschus esculentus (L) Moench.) is one of the most popular crops within the Malvaceae family of plants. It is a common vegetable eminently cultivated in regions experiencing constraints to manage climate change. In South Africa climate change coupled with aluminium-enriched soils are responsible to drawbacks crop performance. Therefore, it is worthwhile to whether okra will thrive as an alternative crop in the country. Many studies have identified potential of okra to improve yields of resource poor farmers in Africa. The physiological responses of okra seed to variations in aluminium ions and temperature were not determined. Therefore, a study with okra, cv. Clemson Spineless, seed coated and uncoated with B. subtilis, was initiated to assess germination on moist filter paper in 90mm diameter Petri plates. Germination medium consisted of various concentrations of aluminium chloride (AlCl3), 0M, 0.001M, 0.01M, 0.05M and 0.1M. Each aluminium treatment was allocated into incubators adjusted to 22°C, 25°C and 37°C temperatures. This resulted into a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment with five replicates and was conducted in three cycles. Daily scores of germinated seeds were assessed from the second to the fifth day after initiation of germination. During termination, five days after the initiation of the experiment 10 seeds with the longest coleoptiles had their coleoptiles measured using a digital caliper. At the fifth day after initiation of the experiment, coleoptile lengths from 10 seeds per treatment were measured using digital caliper. A total of 50 plates (10 from 37°C in Cycle 1; 30 from 22°C, 25°C and 37°C from Cycle 2; 10 from 37°C in Cycle 3), were selected and germinated were ground and stored at - 20°C before 1H NMR analysis. Metabolites were extracted from 50mg ground seed material with 750 μL methanol-D4 and 750 μL buffer (deuterium oxide + potassium dihydrogen phosphate). The mixture was vortexed for three minutes, sonicated for 20 minutes, centrifuged at 18000 rpms for 20 minutes and the supernatant filtered through cotton wool. Then the supernatant was dispensed into NMR tubes for further 1H NMR spectroscopic processing using a 600 MHz NMR xiii
Varian spectrometer to generate magnetic spectra of the fifty samples. Results of this study demonstrated that in all the experimental cycles, regardless of aluminium concentration and bacterial seed coating, 37°C inhibited germination percentages and coleoptile lengths in okra seed germination. Germination percentages and coleoptile lengths of bacteria-coated seeds growing in 25°C were most stimulated at all aluminium concentrations, but not at 0.1M. In this temperature germination percentages and coleoptile lengths were highly influenced by the interaction of aluminium concentrations and bacterial coating, respectively. 1H NMR metabolomic association showed no distinct grouping, but clusters across treatments showed to be linked through a subset of metabolites amongst aluminium concentrations, bacterial seed coating and temperatures, respectively. This infers that treatment variations in both seed and bacterial physiological responses were associated through shared metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the study proved that 25°C provide temperature environment within which B. subtilis can be able to stimulate growth and remediate physiological constraints from aluminium ions during okra seed germination. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Obtenção de hidrolisado proteico de sementes de quiabo Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench e sua capacidade antioxidanteNascimento, Edilza Silva do 24 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated through reactions physiologically normal in the human organism during the respiratory process and perform various functions such as signage and providing defense against infections. However, in excessive amounts the ROS cause cellular damage and are involved in the initiation or progression of degenerative chronic diseases. In contrast, the antioxidant agents play a vital role for reduce the processes oxidative in the organism. Among them are hydrolyzed peptides from protein sources and, that demonstrate antioxidant activity. However, it is necessary the hydrolytic process for release of small fragments of amino peptide with the capacity to reduce the ROS. However, the conditions of hydrolysis employed such as type of enzyme, enzyme concentration, pH, time and temperature can influence the formation of peptides with antioxidant properties. Thus, this study aimed to obtain hydrolyzed from okra seed proteins using Alcalase® hydrolytic enzyme in different conditions and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolysates produced. Using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), was evaluated the influence of independent variables: enzyme concentration (EC) and hydrolysis time (T), on the dependent variables: degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein recovery efficiency (PRE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and scavenging of radicals radicais 2.2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) e 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH). The results showed that the increase in EC and T influenced positively on DH and TAC and only increased T influenced on the PRE, the ability of eliminating radical ABTS and DPPH were not influenced by the independent variables. It was verified that the increased TAC is directly into proportional to the increase in DH. The electrophoretic profile revealed that okra seed protein concentrate (OSPC), presents protein bands with relative masses above 38 kDa and less than 8.5 kDa. It was also found, the efficiency of the process of hydrolysis by Alcalase®, evidenced by the disappearance of most of the protein bands and the appearance of peptides of molecular mass < 3.5 kDa in hydrolysates with a higher DH. The OSPC showed lower TAC and ability of the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenger in comparison to the hydrolysates obtained. The best operating conditions of the independent variables (EC and T) obtained in the optimization study, using the methodology CCRD was possible to obtain a hydrolyzate considered optimal, the enzyme concentration was 2% and time of hydrolysis of 300 min, in this condition the hydrolyzed resulted in increased DH (19.32%), TAC (51.54%) and significant results for DPPH (52.60%) and ABTS (73.04%). The hydrolyzed great presented a considerable content of amino acids with ability to donate protons and electrons, especially acids (32.90 g/100 g of protein), hydrophobic (38.58 g/100 g of protein) and aromatic (9.43 g/100 g of protein). The results show that the protein hydrolyzate of okra seed emerges as a promising bioactive compound, with antioxid capacity. However, other studies are needed to assess the effects that the hydrolysate can produce in vivo, in order to verify the effectiveness of antioxidant activity in the human organism. / As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) são geradas através de reações fisiologicamente normais no organismo humano durante o processo respiratório e exercem diversas funções como sinalização e fornecimento de defesa contra infecções. No entanto, em quantidades excessivas as EROs causam dano celular e estão envolvidas na iniciação ou progresso de doenças crônicas degenerativas. Em contrapartida, os agentes antioxidantes desempenham um papel vital para reduzir os processos oxidativos no organismo. Dentre os quais destacam-se hidrolisados e peptídeos oriundos de fontes proteícas, que demonstram atividade antioxidante. Porém, se faz necessário o processo hidrolítico para que ocorra a liberação dos pequenos fragmentos de peptídeos com capacidade em reduzir as EROs. Todavia, as condições de hidrólise empregadas tais como tipo de enzima, concentração enzimática, pH, tempo e temperatura podem influenciar a formação de peptídeos com propriedades antioxidantes. Desta forma, esse estudo objetivou obter hidrolisado a partir das proteínas de sementes de quiabo com uso da enzima Alcalase® em diferentes condições hidrolíticas e avaliar a capacidade antioxidante dos hidrolisados produzidos. Utilizando um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), foi avaliada a influência das variáveis independentes: concentração enzimática (CE) e tempo de hidrólise (T), sobre as variáveis dependentes: grau de hidrólise (GH), rendimento da recuperação de proteínas (RRP), capacidade antioxidante total (TAC) e sequestro dos radicais 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) e 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH). Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da CE e T influenciaram positivamente sobre o GH e TAC e apenas o aumento do T influenciou no RRP, a capacidade de eliminação dos radicais ABTS e DPPH não foram influenciadas pelas variáveis independentes. Foi verificado que o aumento da TAC é diretamente proporcional ao aumento do GH. O perfil eletroforético revelou que o concentrado proteico de sementes de quiabo (CPSQ) apresenta bandas proteícas com massas relativas acima de 38 kDa e menor que 8,5 kDa. Foi constatado ainda a eficiência do processo de hidrólise pela Alcalase®, através do desaparecimento da maioria das bandas proteicas e aparecimento de peptídeos de massa molecular < 3,5 kDa nos hidrolisados com maior GH. O CPSQ apresentou menor TAC e capacidade sequestrante dos radicais ABTS e DPPH em comparação aos hidrolisados obtidos. Operando-se as melhores condições das variáveis independentes (CE e T) obtidas no estudo de otimização, a partir da metodologia do DCCR foi possível obter um hidrolisado considerado ótimo, cuja concentração enzimática foi de 2% e tempo de hidrólise de 300 min, nesta condição o hidrolisado resultou em maior GH (19,32%), TAC (51,54%) e resultados expressivos para DPPH (52,60%) e ABTS (73,04%). O hidrolisado ótimo apresentou um teor considerável de aminoácidos com capacidade em doar prótons e elétrons, destacando-se os ácidos (32,90 g/100g de proteína), hidrofóbicos (38,58 g/100g de proteína) e aromáticos (9,43 g/ 100g de proteína). Os resultados evidenciam que o hidrolisado proteico de sementes de quiabo surge como um composto bioativo promissor, com capacidade antioxidante. No entanto, outros estudos são necessários para avaliar os efeitos que o hidrolisado pode produzir in vivo, no intuito de constatar a efetividade da atividade antioxidante no organismo humano.
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Estudo dos efeitos nutricionais da farinha de polpa e mucilagem extraida do quiabo (Hibiscus esculentus L.) / Study of the nutritionals effects of the pulp flour and muciagens extracted from okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.)Silva, Vera Sônia Nunes da 13 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Jaime Amaya-Farfan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T16:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As fibras alimentares são entendidas como carboidratos ou substâncias poliméricas afins em alimentos que não sendo digeridas nem absorvidas no intestino superior, possuem vários efeitos fisiológicos e bioquímicos no intestino baixo e no restante do organismo, incluindo a modulação da população microbiótica, alterações na dinâmica dos fluídos fisiológicos, produção de diversos tipos de nutrientes, caracterizando-se como componente essencial da alimentação. A primeira fase deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro o efeito bifidogênico da mucilagem extraída da farinha da polpa do quiabo (Hibiscus esculentus, L.), como controle do crescimento de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, foi utilizado o meio de cultura MRS (Man, Rogosa, Sharpe), e para a cultura de Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, o MRS enriquecido com L-cisteína denominado MRS modificado (MRSm). A segunda fase consistiu de um estudo comparativo dos efeitos ocorridos em ratos da linhagem Wistar, recém-desmamados (RD) com os que consumiam dietas AIN-93G, tendo como fontes de fibras: celulose (CC), inulina (CI) e a polpa de quiabo liofilizada (EQ). Nesse ensaio biológico foi avaliado o impacto da fibra na ingestão alimentar, trânsito intestinal, excreta fecal e morfologia intestinal, assim como os conteúdos: estomacal, cecal, colônico e do intestino delgado. Foram determinadas também as concentrações dos ácidos biliares fecais, a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e lactato no ceco e cólon. Adicionalmente foi estudado o impacto que esta fibra poderia exercer sobre o metabolismo da glicose em ratos diabéticos. Os resultados do ensaio in vitro, mostraram que a mucilagem na concentração de 1,0%, promoveu aumento expressivo do número de células, de 17,57% para Lactobacillus acidophilus, e de 70% para Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, em relação ao controle de crescimento MRS e MRSm, respectivamente. As análises microbiológicas aos 28 dias de alimentação demonstraram que a população de lactobacilos do grupo EQ foi superior em 0,680 log ufc/g de fezes, em relação ao RD. E aos 14 dias a população de bifidobactérias no grupo EQ foi superior em 0,382 log ufc/g de fezes, em relação ao CIA soma dos níveis de acetato, lactato, propionato e butirato colônico foram superiores para o grupo EQ quando comparados aos grupos CC e CI, indicando efeito positivo na produção destes ácidos orgânicos pela fibra do quiabo. A morfologia intestinal mostrou ser independente do tipo de fibra utilizado na dieta. Os níveis de ácidos biliares secundários foram excretados em maiores quantidades pelo grupo EQ, estes resultados associados ao menor tempo de trânsito intestinal resultaram em menor tempo de permanência destes metabólitos toxicogênicos no lúmem. No ensaio de indução de diabetes pela estreptozotocina, em ratos diabéticos alimentados com polpa de quiabo (EQD) a taxa de insulina foi superior aos ratos diabéticos alimentados com inulina (CID) e celulose (CCD). As reservas de gorduras epididimárias do grupo EQD foram menores em relação aos CCD e CID (P<0,05), sendo que o fator positivo para o grupo EQD foi ter apresentado menor perda de peso corporal, menor consumo de água e menor excreção urinária. Diante destes resultados, foi possível verificar um efeito global positivo associado ao consumo da fibra de quiabo pelo rato, sugerindo que o consumo do quiabo como parte integral da dieta poderá proporcionar efeitos fisiológicos benéficos ao individuo / Abstract: Dietary fiber is understood as any polymer normally occurring in foods, generally of carbohydrate nature, that is not digested and absorbed in the upper digestive tract and that is responsible for various physiological and biochemical effects in the lower gastrointestinal tract and the rest of the body, including alteration of the distribution of the bowel microbiota, improvement of physiological fluid dynamics, the production of some micronutrients, and which can be considered as essential components the human diet. This work consists of two sections. The first section consisted of an in vitro study of the bifidogenic effects of the mucilage extracted from okra (Hibiscus esculentus, L.). The second section was an in vivo study with Wistar rats just weaned, as initial group (IG), compared with fed with standard (AIN-93G) diets, formulated utilizing as source of dietary fiber: cellulose control (group CC), inulin control (IC) and okra experimental (OE), estimating such parameters as feed uptake, fecal output, transit time, GI tissue mass, and the stomach, cecal, fecal and small intestine contents. Additionally the impact of the fiber on the concentration of bile acids, gut morphology, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactate production in cecum and colon and the fiber effect on the metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were also studied. The results of the in vitro assay showed that mucilage concentration by 1% mucilage resulted in a substantial rise in cell counts, 17.57% Lactobacillus acidophilus and 70% Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, when compared to the MRS and MRSm medium, respectively. Microbiological analyses of the assay showed that the lactobacillus in the experimental OE group on the 28th day was over 0.680 log cfu/g of feces larger when compared to the IG. On the 14th day, the levels of bifidobacteria in the group OE were higher by 0.382 log ufc/g of feces than in the IC group. The results suggested there was a selective stimulation of the lactobacillus and bifidobacteria populations in the OE group. Meanwhile, the OE diet elicited higher levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate in cecum and colon as opposed to the IC and CC groups, showing that the okra fiber stimulates intestinal organic acid production. The intestinal morphology showed independent of the type of fiber. The amounts of secondary bile acids (lithocholic and deoxicholic) were excreted more by OE group. This results associated the lesser transit time, results time lesser this toxigenic metabolic at lumen. With regard to the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, diabetic rats feeding with okra (OED) the serum insulin was biggest when compared than diabetic rats feeding inulin (ICD) and cellulose (CCD). These results confirm that in the diabetics rats of OED the insulin production was bigger, maybe the fiber of okra had protector effects in these animals. The epididymal fats and kidney was smaller than CCD and ICD, although the OED showed the lowest body weight loss. These results showed that the okra mucilage was beneficial to the rat when introduced in the diet, suggesting that this fiber may exhibit similar effects in human beings / Doutorado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Cinema ao vivo e experiências audiovisuais em tempo real / -Molina Júnior, Jair Sanches 15 September 2017 (has links)
Refletir sobre as experiências com imagens e sons em tempo real é pensar em uma ampla gama de possibilidades e experiências pela humanidade, desde os tempos mais remotos. Pelo fato dessas experiências audiovisuais em tempo real serem numerosas no tempo e no espaço, e já amplamente citada em diferentes estudos, esta apresentação tem por objetivo realizar um recorte mais restrito às experiências audiovisuais em tempo real no campo cinematográfico contemporâneo: uma arte, meio e processo em expansão que culmina na existência de um fenômeno semiótico, realizado principalmente através de modos experimentais com a presença do(s) autor(es) concebendo a experiência audiovisual, conjuntamente ao aparato tecnológico e ao público, todos participantes da criação e exibição da obra audiovisual no mesmo tempo em que ela ocorre, em transmissão direta para a tela de cinema, monitores, telas digitais ou espaços arquitetônicos. Com base em obras audiovisuais realizadas entre 2007 a 2017 desenvolveremos uma reflexão e análise das poéticas e técnicas das experiências audiovisuais em tempo real, de maneira a compreender com um olhar mais atento as possibilidades criativas e contribuir com a reflexão sobre estes formatos do audiovisual contemporâneo, cujos meios e processos estão em contínua expansão de suas fronteiras. Em estética do cinema, esta pesquisa segue em continuidade aos estudos e práticas do cinema experimental e em sua vértice ao cinema expandido. / Reflecting about real-time imagery and sounds experiences is thinking about a wide range of possibilities and experiences for humanity, from the earliest times. Because the real-time audiovisual experiences are numerous in time and space, and already widely quoted in different studies, this presentation aims to make a more restricted cut-off to real-time audiovisual experiences in the contemporary cinematographic field: an art, medium and an expanding process that culminates in the existence of a semiotic phenomenon, performed mainly through experimental modes with the presence of the author(s) directing the audiovisual experience in real-time, together with the technological apparatus, the cast, and the public, all participants in the creation and exhibition of the audiovisual work at the same time as it occurs, in direct transmission to the cinema screen, monitors, digital screens or architectural spaces. Based on audiovisual works carried out between 2007 and 2017 we will develop a reflection and analysis of the poetics and techniques of audiovisual experiences in real-time, in order to understand with a closer look the creatives possibilities in live cinema and contribute with reflection on these forms of the contemporary audiovisual, whose means and processes are in continuous expansion of its borders. In aesthetics of the cinema, this research follows in continuity to the studies and practices of the experimental cinema, and in its vertex to the expanded cinema.
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Cinema ao vivo e experiências audiovisuais em tempo real / -Jair Sanches Molina Júnior 15 September 2017 (has links)
Refletir sobre as experiências com imagens e sons em tempo real é pensar em uma ampla gama de possibilidades e experiências pela humanidade, desde os tempos mais remotos. Pelo fato dessas experiências audiovisuais em tempo real serem numerosas no tempo e no espaço, e já amplamente citada em diferentes estudos, esta apresentação tem por objetivo realizar um recorte mais restrito às experiências audiovisuais em tempo real no campo cinematográfico contemporâneo: uma arte, meio e processo em expansão que culmina na existência de um fenômeno semiótico, realizado principalmente através de modos experimentais com a presença do(s) autor(es) concebendo a experiência audiovisual, conjuntamente ao aparato tecnológico e ao público, todos participantes da criação e exibição da obra audiovisual no mesmo tempo em que ela ocorre, em transmissão direta para a tela de cinema, monitores, telas digitais ou espaços arquitetônicos. Com base em obras audiovisuais realizadas entre 2007 a 2017 desenvolveremos uma reflexão e análise das poéticas e técnicas das experiências audiovisuais em tempo real, de maneira a compreender com um olhar mais atento as possibilidades criativas e contribuir com a reflexão sobre estes formatos do audiovisual contemporâneo, cujos meios e processos estão em contínua expansão de suas fronteiras. Em estética do cinema, esta pesquisa segue em continuidade aos estudos e práticas do cinema experimental e em sua vértice ao cinema expandido. / Reflecting about real-time imagery and sounds experiences is thinking about a wide range of possibilities and experiences for humanity, from the earliest times. Because the real-time audiovisual experiences are numerous in time and space, and already widely quoted in different studies, this presentation aims to make a more restricted cut-off to real-time audiovisual experiences in the contemporary cinematographic field: an art, medium and an expanding process that culminates in the existence of a semiotic phenomenon, performed mainly through experimental modes with the presence of the author(s) directing the audiovisual experience in real-time, together with the technological apparatus, the cast, and the public, all participants in the creation and exhibition of the audiovisual work at the same time as it occurs, in direct transmission to the cinema screen, monitors, digital screens or architectural spaces. Based on audiovisual works carried out between 2007 and 2017 we will develop a reflection and analysis of the poetics and techniques of audiovisual experiences in real-time, in order to understand with a closer look the creatives possibilities in live cinema and contribute with reflection on these forms of the contemporary audiovisual, whose means and processes are in continuous expansion of its borders. In aesthetics of the cinema, this research follows in continuity to the studies and practices of the experimental cinema, and in its vertex to the expanded cinema.
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