Iridescence is the property that makes colors vary by angle of observation. Technology has made it possible to print with ink that has this anisotropic property. The ink that is used contains microparticles and therefore only specific printing methods can be used, for example screen printing. This comes with new demands on halftones, due to its procedure; dots cannot be too small, and keeping structures should be prioritized. To minimize costs and time, prints should be simulated before sending an order. In this thesis, different methods to halftone for screen printing with iridescent ink are developed. Three existing methods are compared to methods that are developed for this specific cause. The result is presented as a 2D-mask and as an interactive 3D-simulation, using data measured from real ink. Also, properties of iridescence are analyzed to separate it from diffuse colors. An OpenGL simulation tool was developed for simulating halftones on 3D-models. The ink reflectance spectra are represented by polynomials that take as input the wavelength and observation angle. Given an observation angle, a spectrum can be found, which can be converted to RGB and set as the output color in the fragment shader. The program uses an RGB-mask which is the combined masks of the halftone. This is loaded as a texture which indicates what polynomial to use. There is no perfect method that works for all types of images. Images that contain colors similar to the inks benefit from morphological halftoning (enhanced structures) for iridescent areas, or foreground, and hatching (an angle dependant grid pattern) for diffuse areas, or background. Other images, that contain mixed colors as cyan, yellow or magenta, benefit froma hue separation error diffusion, where masks are created by thresholding the hue where the mixed colors are error diffused.The actual prints confirmed the hypothesis that tone reproduction can be of lower priority while structure and depth preservance should be highly prioritized. Iridescent colors can be separated from diffuse colors by thresholding the saturation combined with value, or the lightness of the Lab-representation

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Bakgrund: Offentliga tjänster som 1177 har via ”Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service” krav på att de ska vara tillgängliga for alla i Sverige oavsett funktionsvariationer. Men hur bra fungerar en tjänst som 1177 for en målgrupp med grövre synnedsättningar och behov att använda digitala verktyg för att använda 1177? Det här arbetet vill undersöka det med de har två fragorna: Vilka synpunkter har de med synnedsättning om 1177? och Hur är deras upplevelser jämfört med de krav från “Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service” som ställs på 1177? via en fallstudie. Metod: Data samlades in via kvalitativa intervjuer och användartester. I testerna utformades ett antal scenarion kring lagkraven och vissa av Jakob Nilsens 10 användbarhetsprinciper för design av användargränssnitt. Även samlades data in från Myndigheten för digital förvaltning in, då i form av klagomål från användare av 1177. Resultat: Resultatet av arbetet är att 1177 är en bra fungerande tjänst när det gäller normal användning av tjänsten. Exempelvis se bokade tider eller meddelanden, men där det blir problem är när användarna ska börja leta reda på funktioner som de ej normalt sett använder. Problematiken då är bland annat att det ej finns en sökfunktion att använda eller att rubriker inte alltid används. Det vanligaste problemet som kom fram var att logga in med BankID då skanna en QR-kod blev mycket problematisk. Slutsatser: 1177 ar en bra tjänst i stort men den har sina problem. Vissa av problemen skulle gå att lösas med en sökfunktion och andra lösas med att användaren själv får välja vad för innehåll som ska visas. / Background: Public services such as 1177 have, via the Swedish law “Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service”, a requirement to ensure accessibility of the service to everyone in Sweden. But how well does a service like 1177 work for a group with severe visual impairments and the need to use digital tools to be able to use 1177? This paper wants to examine it with these two questions: What point of views do they with visual impairments have of 1177? and How do their experiences compare to the requirements from the law Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service? via a case study. Method: Data were collected via qualitative interviews and user tests. In the test, several scenarios were designed around the legal requirements and some of Jakob Nilsen’s 10 usability heuristics for the design of user interfaces. Data was also collected from the Swedish Ägency for Digital Ädministration, then in the form of complaints from users of 1177. Results: The result of the work is that 1177 is a well functioning service when it comes to normal use of the service. For example, see booked times or messages, but where the problems start is when the users start to look for or use a function they do not normally use. The problem when looking for a function can be that it is not obvious where it is and that there is no search function. But the most common problem is when signing in on a computer with mobile BankID, you must scan a QR code and that is very problematic when the user is visually impaired. Conclusions: 1177 is a good service in large but it has its problems. Some of the problems can be solved by a search function and others can be solved by letting the users decide what information to be shown.

Sharing a single, large touchscreen between several collaborating users is the research area of multi-user touchscreen interfaces, also named collaborative groupware. Collaborative groupware concerns how to best facilitate teamwork over such shared digital spaces. The technology is used in a number of high-technological and expert-dominated domains including emergency coordination, urban planning, military strategy, etc. This thesis investigates the problem of how to facilitate such mixed-focus work on a multi-user touchscreen in a two-dimensional geospatial context - a digital map - while avoiding the problematic use of widgets and click interfaces. Through a background study of previous work, a new solution is suggested. It is a handchord-input-based interface that uses hand-pattern recognition to interface with multiple users simultaneously and provides graphical tools to enable and enhance geospatial collaborative work. This solution is implemented and evaluated in two user studies. The first investigates the solution in the aspects of practical interfacing, tool impact, and hybrid collaboration on small teams of two. A second smaller expert user study evaluates the technique in the aspects of responsiveness, effectiveness, and representation; with more formalized procedures. The results show that a strong majority of users in the first study could successfully and quickly learn chord-input interfacing, and use it to access a variety of functionality with effectivity and enhancement of collaboration. The results of the second survey received moderately positive feedback in all aspects, with reserved opinions for its usage potential. These results indicate that chord-based interfacing, successfully implemented, could contribute to improved teamwork and task-solving in relevant collaborative contexts. / Kollaborativa gruppprogramet är området som faciliterar samarbete på delade digitala utrymmen. Den här tesen utreder problemet om hur man faciliterar kollaborativ, mix-fokuserad arbete på en fleranvändarpekskärm i en geospatial konext utan att använda problematiska knappar och klickbara gränssnitt. Kollaborativa geospatiala gränsnittanvänds i ett flertal av högteknologiska expertdominerade domäner som inkluderar nödsituationskoordinering, , militär strategi, etc. Den föreslagna lösningen är ett handackordsbaserat gränsnitt som använder fingeringenkänning för att interagera flera användare samtidigt och förse verktyg som möjliggör och förbättrar geospatialt samarbete. Denna lösning implementeras och är möjligtvis den mest omfattande implementationen av hand-ackord, men med signifikanta buggar. Denna utvärderas i två användarstudier. Den första undersöker lösningen i aspekterna av handackordsinteraktion, verktygens påverkan och hybridsamarbete i små lag om två. En andra, mindre studie utvärderar tekniken i termer av gensvar, effektivet och representation. Resultatet visar att ackord-baserade gränssnitt kan framgångsrikt förse en mångfald av funktionalitet med effektivtet och förbättring av samarbete i en geospatial kontext. Resultatet av den första studien visar att handackordbaserade kan bidra till förbättrat samarbete och problemlösning i geospatiala kontexter på en fleranvändarpekskärm, där vissa användare finner det mer praktiskt och enklare att bemästra än andra. Resultatet av den andra studien påvisade tämligen positiv respons i alla aspekter, med reservation för dess tillämpningspotential.

The degree to which the SABC (South African Broadcasting Corporation) as public broadcaster gives shape to its language policy and language mandate, against the background of an investigation of language rights, establishes the central problem statement of this research.It is widely acknowledged that it is difficult to define the concept of language rights. Although the language-sociological literature associates this concept with minority and cultural rights, it can also be seen as individual rights. According to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, it is clear that language rights should be seen as individual rights that can be exercised within a particular community. Although this dissertation provides an extensive juridical and language sociological explanation of the concept of language rights, the description by Judge Albie Sachs will be used as a working definition for this research. His division between the following four fundamental language rights, viz.: (i) the right to use your language; (ii) the right to develop your language; (iii) the right to be understood and to understand other languages as well as (iv) the right not to be discriminated against because of your language, provides a useful investigation instrument with which the degree to which the SABC-TV acknowledges and protects language rights can be measured.It is found that despite the policy documents on national and corporate level that has equal consideration and treatment of the diverse South African languages in mind, it still happens that the SABC-TV fails to give form to the language rights of individuals that belong to indigenous minority language groups in South Africa. Due to this, the research suggests that the extensive implementation of subtitles, as a form of screen translation that differs from lip synchronised dubbing, can make a significant contribution to the acknowledgement and protection of language rights by the SABC-TV.In addition to a discussion on what subtitles entail, the technical nature and specific parameters thereof, a feasibility study is included within which the affordability of this project for the SABC-TV is indicated. It is found that this form of screen translation is ideal for the South African situation because it is cheaper than both lip synchronised dubbing and the creation of new television programmes, but also because it can effectively be employed in regional broadcasts. Furthermore, the use of bilingual subtitles and pivot subtitles are also alternatives that may be considered. It is essential though that subtitles can indeed contribute to the way in which the SABC, as a public broadcaster, acknowledges and protects the fundamental language rights of the multitude of South Africans that belong to different language communities in South Africa. (Written in Afrikaans)

This project is a story of findings. The main intention is to design a workstation for nautical archeologists who are excavating and researching the ruins of the oldest known shipwreck of the world. The use of the building is projected to change over time to house the findings of the research and exhibit this world heritage and the process that brought it into light. Permanence as a concept is the subject of the major inquiry of the architectural investigation through the project. The means to achieve longevity in architecture are explored. Self-sustainability, interrelation of structure and space, lightness, and locality are the issues that are studied pertaining to the question of "temporariness" and "permanence" in architecture. / Master of Architecture

This is a project about reconciling the rational world of architecture with the empirical world of nature. A small retreat on the Appalachian Trail near Dragon's Tooth, this project employs two elements belonging to each of those entities. The retreat is composed of a double envelope. The exterior envelope is a wooden screen and dry stacked stone wall relating to the natural world. In contrast, the second envelope is a glass and steel box, analogous to the rationality of man. Dimensional 2x4 lumber models are employed to study the light conditions, patterns, and construction of the wooden screen. / Master of Architecture