Cette recherche aborde le thème des jeux en ligne et plus précisément celui des MMORPGs. L'objet de notre étude consiste à mieux comprendre en quoi « la guilde », une forme d'organisation sociale propre à ce type de jeu, constitue un facteur favorable aux comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO). Ces comportements sont définis au travers de la littérature comme des comportements discrétionnaires qui ne sont pas exigés par la tâche et qui contribuent au succès de l'organisation. Cette étude s'intéresse aux comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle chez les membres d'une guilde. L'échantillon interrogé témoigne d'une perception différente en termes de citoyenneté organisationnelle. L'analyse des réponses révèle que les membres d'une guilde se considèrent davantage comme de bons citoyens organisationnels que les joueurs indépendants. Ainsi, ces divers entretiens ont fait ressortir des liens entre l'appartenance à une guilde et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle en soulignant notamment l'influence de l'engagement affectif et du soutien organisationnel perçu dans ce processus de mobilisation. / This research approaches the topic of the online games and more preciselyMMORPGs. The purpose of our study is to better understand how «the guild», a particular form of social organization to this kind of play, constitutes a favourable factor for the organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB’s). These behaviors are defined, through the literature, as discretionary behaviors, that go beyond prescribed formal role requirements and duties and which contribute to the overall success of the organization. Our study focuses on the organizational citizenship behaviors of guild members. The sample of survey respondentsaccurate knowledge of a different perception in terms of organizational citizenship behaviors. The analysis of the answers also shows that the guild members consider themselves more as organizational citizens than the independent players. These semi-structured interviews emphasized the bond between the guild membership and organizational citizenship behaviors by underlining the influence of two factors such as the affective commitment and the perceived organizational support in this process of mobilization.

The research objective was to develop, through two phases involving development and validation, a measure of the psychological work contract for managerial level employees. The psychological contract is the unwritten implicit contract that forms in the minds of employees and contains the obligations and expectations that they believe exists between themselves and the organization. In the first and qualitative phase of the study, a structured interview procedure resulted in the collection of 651 responses from a convenience sample of 35 managers from seven New Zealand organizations. Responses related to what these managers believed they were obligated to provide the organization (perceived organizational expectations), and what they believed the organization was obligated to provide them (their expectations). Content analysis of these 651 statements resulted in the development of two initial measures of the psychological contract (employee obligations, organization obligations). The employee obligations measure (perceived organizational expectations of the employee) contained 16 items, and the organization obligations measure (employee expectations of the organization) contained 23 items. In the second and quantitative phase of the study, and using the same criteria for participation as for phase one, a convenience sample of 124 managers from 13 New Zealand organizations completed questionnaires. The questionnaires included the measures of psychological contract content developed in phase one of the study, and 8 organizational psychology variables to be included in a nomological network. The nomological network included intention to quit, perceived organizational support, work and job involvement, job satisfaction, career plateau, organizational commitment, person-organization fit, and 2 performance measures. A separate questionnaire covering job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour was completed by 94 of the participants' managers. Of the 54 relationships predicted in the nomological network, 41 were significant. Of the 13 non-significant relationships, 10 involved relationships with the two performance measures. The measures of the psychological contract were subjected to a construct validation process involving two steps. The first step involved item and factor analysis. Factor analysis of the two measures of the psychological contract revealed two factors in each. One factor, termed relational obligations and reflecting a collective interest between the employee and the organization, included the items that were believed to influence more directly the relationship between managers and the organization. This factor included items such as be committed to the job (an employee obligation) and provide a physically and socially safe environment (an organizational obligation). The other factor, termed transactional obligations and reflecting a self/other interest on the part of the employee, included the items that were believed to be of a more direct employment transactions nature. This factor included items such as stay true to your own values and beliefs (an employee obligation) and provide professional and personal support (an organizational obligation). In the second step of the validation process, the measures of the psychological contract were embedded into the nomological network and their relationships with the ten variables in that network were tested. Of the ten hypothesised relationships, only one emerged as significant, that being the relationship between the organization obligations component of the psychological contract and person-organization fit. Minimal support for construct validity of the measures of the psychological contract was provided confirming that further effort will be required before complete construct validity may be claimed for the measured. Although the contribution the research makes to the field of knowledge may be limited, it does provide some validation of existing measures of the psychological contract, developed in other studies using different samples. The present findings increase our knowledge of the content of the psychological contract for managers. Additionally, a methodological framework has been established for continuing research into the content of psychological contracts, including an exploration of the relationship between content and fulfilment, along with a structure for comparing the psychological contract of disparate occupational groups. The most likely explanation for the hypotheses not being fully supported is that it is fulfilment (or conversely breach or violation) of the psychological contract, rather than the content of the contract per se, that is related to the variables in the nomological network. Whilst the hypotheses were based on research that considered fulfilment of the contract, this study focussed on the content of psychological contracts. The reasons for basing the hypotheses on research that considered fulfilment, the influence of this decision on hypothesis testing, and other possible explanations for the hypotheses not finding greater support, are explored. The limitations of the study, and possible directions for future research, are discussed.

本研究旨在探究國民中學教師覺知校長服務領導、學校組織氣氛與教師組織公民行為之關係，並根據研究結果提出建議，以做為教育行政主管機關、國民中學校長、國民中學教師，以及後續研究者之參考。 本研究以桃園縣(市)、新竹縣、苗栗縣(市)公立國民中學教師為研究對象，採問卷調查法，以「國民中學組織行為調查問卷」進行抽樣調查，抽取55所國民中學、520名國民中學教師做為研究樣本，回收統計問卷數共453份(剔除無效問卷25份後)，回收率為87%。以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步回歸等統計方法加以分析獲得以下結論： 一、整體校長服務領導屬中上程度，以「建立專業社群」層面知覺程度最高，「概念化」層面最低。 二、不同「職務」背景變項之教師對於整體校長服務領導的知覺具有顯著差異；不同「性別」、「年齡」、「服務年資」、「學校規模」背景變項之教師對於整體校長服務領導的知覺沒有顯著差異。 三、整體學校組織氣氛屬中上程度，以「教師疏離行為」層面知覺程度最高，「校長指示行為」層面最低。(疏離、指示層面，得分已反向處理，得分高，表疏離、指示情況低) 四、桃竹苗區教師知覺的學校組織氣氛類型「開放型」與「封閉型」佔的比率最高，皆為34﹪；「疏離型」次之，佔18﹪；「投入型」最少，佔14﹪。 五、不同「性別」、「職務」、「年齡」、「服務年資」、「學校規模」背景變項之教師對於整體學校組織氣氛的知覺均無顯著差異。 六、整體教師組織公民行為屬中上程度，以「尊重體制」層面知覺程度最高，「自我要求」層面最低。 七、不同「職務」、「年齡」、「服務年資」、「學校規模」背景變項之教師對於整體教師組織公民行為的知覺具有顯著差異；不同「性別」背景變項之教師對於整體教師組織公民行為的知覺沒有顯著差異。 八、「校長服務領導」與「學校組織氣氛」之間具有正相關；「校長服務領導」與「教師組織公民行為」之間具有正相關；「學校組織氣氛」與「教師組織公民行為」之間具有正相關 九、「校長服務領導」與「學校組織氣氛」對「教師組織公民行為」具有聯合預測力，以「教師承諾行為」、「覺察」、「教師同儕行為」等三個層面對整體教師組織公民行為具有預測力。總解釋變異量為35.2%。 / The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among principals’ servant ‘leadership, school organizational climate, and teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior which teachers perceive, and to propose suggestions based on the results, for the reference of educational administration authorities, junior high school principals, , junior high school teachers and relevant future studies. In this study, faculty of junior high schools in Taoyuan county, Hsinchu county and Miaoli county is picked as subjects and questionnaire survey is adopted. The researcher formulates “junior high school organizational behavior questionnaire,” and randomly selects 55 junior high schools, 520 teachers as samples. In a rate of 87%, 453 replies are returned and then analyzed in methods of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. The following conclusions are obtained: 1. The present situation of principals’ servant leadership is above the average. Among all the aspects, “professional community” ranks to the top, while “conceptualization” ranks otherwise. 2. Teachers bearing different duties perceive principals’ servant leadership significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender, age, service seniority and school size show no significant difference. 3. The present situation of school organizational climate is above the average. Among all the aspects, “teachers’ disengagement” ranks to the top, while “principal command” ranks otherwise. 4. School climate type which Teacher perception of the highest rate are Open climate and close climate, they account for 34% each, the second is disengagement climate , accounted for 18, involvement climate is the least, accounted for 14%. 5. Teachers of different demographic variables such as gender, duties ,age, service seniority and school size perceive school organizational climate show no significant difference. 6. The present situation of teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior is above the average. Among all the aspects, “respecting school system” ranks to the top, while “self-request” ranks otherwise. 7. Teachers bearing different duties, age, service seniority and school size perceive teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior significantly differently; while teachers bearing different gender, show no significant difference. 8. Principals’ servant leadership is positively related to school organizational climate; Principals’ servant leadership is positively related to teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior ; school organizational climate is positively related to teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior 9. When combining principals’ servant leadership and school organizational climate, teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior is predictable for three aspects, including “teachers’commitment,” “Awareness,”and “teachers’ disengagement”, accounting for 35.2% of total variance.

本研究旨在探討並驗證國民小學教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校創新經營效能之關係。 本研究主要目的為： 一、修訂教師知識管理量表、教師組織公民行為量表以及學校創新經營效能自評量表。 二、了解教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校創新經營效能之關係。 三、探索教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校創新經營效能之現況，並探索增進學校創新經營效能的可行策略。 四、根據教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校創新經營效能的相關文獻與國內的實證研究，提出可供參考的建議。 本研究主要採取「調查研究法」，以新北市與臺北市公立國民小學教師為研究對象，研究工具為研究者修編之「國民小學教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校創新經營效能之關係調查問卷」。發出正式問卷870份，回收可用問卷517份，回收問卷可用率為59.4%。 問卷調查所得資料以SPSS for Windows 12.0版電腦統計套裝軟體進行平均數及標準差統計分析、T考驗、單因子變異數分析及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法處理分析。 本研究之研究結果如下： 一、國民小學教師普遍認同學校創新經營效能之效能，且對教師知識管理及教師組織公民行為有正向的知覺。 二、不同職務、不同服務年資、不同學歷的國民小學教師在「教師知識管理」、「教師知識管理」、「教師知識管理」層面的知覺有顯著差異。 三、國民小學教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為與學校效能有直接正相關。 四、國民小學教師知識管理、教師組織公民行為對學校創新經營效能具有正面預測力。

本研究旨在使用後設分析方法，以了解國內外有關校長轉型及交易領導與教師組織公民行為之關係，分析文獻包含2000年至2012年之國內外博碩士論文、會議及期刊論文等等，總計共有27篇研究報告及13,525位研究對象。研究包含探討變項間之相關以及調節變項之影響，經同質性考驗後，研究結果發現以下五項結論： （一）校長轉型領導與教師組織公民行為具有正向關聯性。 （二）研究地區、學校層級、受試者男性所占比率、研究發表類型與問卷回收率，對校長轉型領導對教師組織公民行為具有調節效果。 （三）校長交易領導與教師組織公民行為存有正向關聯性。 （四）學校層級、研究年代與問卷回收率，對校長交易領導對教師組織公民行為具有調節效果。 （五）校長轉型領導相較於交易領導與教師組織公民行為之相關聯程度更強。 最後，依據研究結論針對實務及後續研究提出相關建議以供參考。 / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the overall relationships of both transformational and transactional leadership with teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior by using meta-analysis methods. Data were collected from 27 independent studies which include master & doctoral dissertation, theses in seminar and journal papers at home and aboard during 2000-2012. There were 27 research studies with a combined sample of 13,525 participants. The study discussed the relationship between the variables and the effects of the moderators. Testing of homogeneity, there were five major findings of this study as follows:（1）It found a positive relationship between principal’s transformational leadership and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior.（2）The research areas, the school level, the sample ratio of men, the type of study published and the response rate were found as the significant moderators between principal’s transformational leadership and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior.（3）It found a positive relationship between principal’s transactional leadership and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior. （4）The school level, the year of research and the sample ratio of men were found as the significant moderators between principal’s transactional leadership and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior.（5）Compared to transactional leadership, the transformational leadership of principals were found to have stronger positive correlations with teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior. According to the results, some suggestions were proposed for practical applications and future researches.

本研究以臺北市公有停車場管理員為研究對象，探討不同個人屬性的管理員在工作滿意、工作壓力與組織公民行為上的差異性，及工作滿意、工作壓力對組織公民行為的影響情形，經由問卷調查蒐集資料，於103年3月6日發出642份問卷，3月14日回收，有效問卷計585份(回收率91.1%)。並以描述性統計、Pearson積差相關分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，獲致研究結論如下： 一、個人屬性中以「年齡」、「年資」及「工作屬性」在各變項及構面上有顯著的差異。 二、工作滿意與各構面對組織公民行為與各構面均呈現顯著之正相關。 三、工作壓力與組織公民行為間有顯著的負相關，「人際關係」及「組織氣氛」與組織公民行為各構面均呈現相當顯著之負相關。 四、在聯合預測力的分析結果，工作滿意的預測力高於工作壓力，並以工作滿意的「工作內容」最能正向影響組織公民行為，工作壓力的「人際關係」對組織公民行為最具負向預測力。 依據研究結論提出實務建議，期能對機關的管理效能有所助益。 關鍵字：公有停車場管理員、工作壓力、工作滿意、組織公民行為 / This research takes the public parking administrator in Taipei as the object to discuss their personalities contributes the job satisfaction, job stress and the difference of the organizational citizenship behaviors, and it also discuss the influence about the job satisfaction, job stress to the organizational citizenship behaviors. The research is implemented by questionnaire that issued for 642 on March 6, 2014 and collected on March 14. The valid questionnaire is five hundreds and eight-five (585) and in 91.1% response rate. The data is analyzed by the descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation Aanalysis,Independent t Test, One Way ANOVA and Multiple Regression Aanalysis and the conclusion are as follows: 1. The personal "age", "seniority" and "job properties" have significant differences in all variables and structure. 2.Job satisfaction and organizational citizen behavior showed a significant positive correlation between two of them. 3.There is a significant negative correlation between job stress and organizational citizen behavior. The "human relationships" and "organizational ambience" and the various structures of organizational citizen behavior showed a fairly significant negative correlation. 4.The analysis results in joint predictive power, the predictive job satisfaction is higher than the job stress, and “job content” in job satisfaction has the most positive impact on organizational citizen behavior. The "interpersonal" in the job stress has the most negative predictive power to organizational citizen behavior. Based on above findings, some recommendations are proposed and expected it helps the management level to improve the organization’s effectiveness. Keywords: The public parking administrator , Job stress, Job satisfaction, Organizational citizenship behavior.

本研究旨在探討國民小學教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之關聯性，並分析學校組織政治氣候對教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之間關係的影響。本研究採用調查研究法。在預試階段以新竹縣公立國民小學教師為對象，寄發300份預試問卷，回收有效問卷224份，據以分析測量工具的信效度。在正式施測階段，以臺灣地區公立國民小學教師為對象，寄發1,458份問卷，回收有效問卷1,026份。在資料分析方面，透過描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、相關分析及階層線性模式等方法，檢測本研究問題及假設。依據研究結果，本研究獲致以下結論： 一、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之現況分析 （一）國民小學教師具有中等程度的組織政治知覺。 （二）國民小學教師具有中高程度的印象管理動機。 （三）國民小學教師具有良好程度的組織公民行為。 二、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之差異分析 （一）教師的組織政治知覺會因學校規模、學歷及擔任職務之不同而有所差異。 （二）教師印象管理動機會因學校規模、學校地區、性別、學歷及擔任職務之不同 而有所差異。 （三）教師組織行為會因學校規模、學校地區、性別、年齡、服務年資及擔任職務 之不同而有所差異。 三、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之關聯性分析 （一）教師的組織政治知覺對組織公民行為具有負向的影響。 （二）教師的組織政治知覺對塑造正面印象的動機具有正向的影響。 （三）避免負面印象及塑造正面印象的動機對教師組織公民行為具有正向的影 響。 （四）教師的組織政治知覺會透過塑造正面印象的中介效果，間接對組織公民行為 產生正向的影響。 （五）學校組織政治氣候會調節教師組織政治知覺及組織公民行為的關係。 （六）學校組織政治氣候會調節教師組織政治知覺及塑造正面印象的關係。 依據研究結果，本研究針對學校行、校長及教師三方面提出相關建議： 一、對學校行政的建議 （一）形塑正向組織氣候，避免過多的政治行為。 （二）重視學校運作公平，提升成員的信任感。 （三）暢通溝通管道，避免影響團體的過度操弄。 二、對學校校長的建議 （一）妥善處理學校政治行為，避免產生負面效應。 （二）明辨成員工作行為動機，避免形成惡性競爭。 （三）正向肯定教師組織公民行為，鼓勵教師對教育工作的額外付出。 三、對學校教師的建議 （一）正向看待學校組織政治，調整自我工作心態。 （二）適時善用印象管理策略，提升工作績效表現。 （三）積極從事組織公民行為，創造個人與組織價值。 最後，本研究亦針對未來研究提出在測量工具、研究內容、研究設計及資料分析等方面的建議。 / The study investigated the relationships among the perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors in elementary school teachers. Moreover, this study analyzed the impact of the organizational political climate in schools on the relationships among the perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors. In the pretest administered in this study, a survey was conducted on public elementary school teachers in Hsinchu County. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 224 were returned. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. In the formal survey, the subjects were public elementary school teachers from across Taiwan. A total of 1,458 questionnaires were distributed, and 1,026 valid samples were returned. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and hierarchical linear models to validate the research hypotheses. Based on the results, the following conclusions were derived: 1. The perception level of teachers regarding organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) Elementary school teachers possess a middle-level perception of organizational politics. (2) Elementary school teachers possess middle-high-level impression management motives. (3) Elementary school teachers possess favorable organizational citizenship behaviors. 2. The variance analysis of teachers’ perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) The perception of organizational politics for teachers varies by school size, educational background, and position in school. (2) The impression management motives of teachers vary by school size, school location, gender, educational background, and position in school. (3) The organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers varies by school size, school location, gender, age, and years of service. 3. The relationships among teachers’ perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) The perception of organizational politics negatively affects organizational citizenship behaviors. (2) The perception of organizational politics for teachers positively affects the motivation to create a positive impression. (3) The motivation to avoid a negative impression and create a positive impression positively affects the organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. (4) The creation of a positive impression for teachers mediates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and organizational citizenship behaviors. (5) The organizational political climate in school moderates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and the organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. (6) The organizational political climate moderates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and the development of a positive impression. According to the research results, the following suggestions are proposed for school practice, principals, and teachers. 1. For school practice: (1) Establish a positive organizational climate and avoid excessive political behavior. (2) Focus on the fairness of school operations and promote the trust of members. (3) Provide unimpeded communication channels and avoid excessive manipulation by the impacting group. 2. For school principals: (1) Appropriately control the political behavior of the school to avoid negative effects. (2) Distinguish working motivation among members to avoid negative competition. (3) Positively affirm teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors, and encourage teachers to invest additional effort in educating students. 3. For school teachers: (1) Positively address school organizational politics, and adjust one’s self-working attitude. (2) Appropriately use impression management strategies to enhance job performance. (3) Positively engage in organizational citizenship behaviors, and create personal and organizational value. Finally, this paper provides suggestions for future research, which include suggestions for measuring tools, research content, research design, and data analysis.

Le secteur du bâtiment est le premier consommateur d’énergie en France. L’émergence de bâtiments performants apporte une réponse incomplète à ce problème car les comportements des usagers doivent être considérés. Notre objectif est de circonscrire le rôle de facteurs psychosociaux et organisationnels sur l’investissement des salariés pour leur entreprise et pour l’environnement. Au travail, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO) sont adoptés volontairement et contribuent à l’efficacité de l’entreprise. En prolongement des travaux sur les CCO, les comportements pro-environnementaux (CPE) des salariés peuvent être considérés comme des CCO dirigés vers l’environnement (CCO-E). Pour examiner leurs déterminants, nous avons réalisé six études auprès de 889 étudiants et 592 salariés, travaillant dans un bâtiment classique ou exemplaire. Nous constatons que les salariés se sentant soutenus et traités équitablement seront plus enclins à réaliser des CPE et CCO-E, ce qui incite à renforcer la justice organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, les attitudes, valeurs et habitudes environnementales modèrent les effets du contexte organisationnel sur l’implication des salariés. En outre, la motivation environnementale au travail, lorsqu’elle est autodéterminée, a un effet positif sur les CPE et CCO-E. De même, les normes sociales influencent les comportements des salariés, d’autant plus quand les entreprises présentent une politique environnementale concrète mais non saturante. Enfin, les bâtiments performants offrant un contexte de travail confortable, encouragent la réalisation de CPE et CCO-E par les salariés. À partir de nos résultats, nous proposons des recommandations pour aider les professionnels du bâtiment et les organisations à mieux prendre en compte les occupants. / The building sector is the first energy consumer in France. The emergence of efficient buildings provides an incomplete response to this problem because users’ behaviors need be considered. Our aim is to define the role of psychosocial and organizational factors on employees’ investment for their company and for the environment. At work, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are voluntarily adopted and contribute to the efficiency of the company. In continuation of the research on OCB, employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) can be viewed as OCB directed toward the environment (OCBE). In order to better understand their determinants, we conducted six studies including 889 undergraduate students and 592 employees, working in classic or exemplary buildings. We notice that employees who feel supported and fairly treated by their organization, will be more prone to adopt PEB and OCBE. This result encourages reinforcing organizational justice. Otherwise, environmental attitudes, values and habits moderate the effects of contextual factors on employees’ pro-environmental implication. In addition, self-determined environmental motivation at work has a positive effect on PEB and OCBE. Similarly, social norms have a positive influence on employees’ behaviors, especially when companies make a concrete but not overwhelming environmental policy. Finally, efficient buildings providing a comfortable working environment encourage employees to adopt PEB and OCBE. Based on our results, we propose recommendations to help building professionals and organizations to take better into account the occupants.

Submitted by GIOVANNA SOUZA PEREIRA (giovanna_adm@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-10T11:26:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2017-01-17T11:47:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T11:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna_Dissertacao_Completa.pdf: 1941720 bytes, checksum: 466d875b691c76ca9d764f7ff136310e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / There are several approaches and theoretical perspectives that attempt to explain the impact of the relationship between leaders and followers in individual and organizational results. However, there are few studies that aim to determine important characteristics of a leader that can affect the quality of this relationship and, consequently, the results. This study contributes to research in this area, analyzing the impact of the leader humility on performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of employees, mediated by quality of the leadermember relationship. The research hypotheses proposed exploit the leader-member exchange (LMX) as a means through which the leader humility influences the results of subordinates. In addition, it is proposed that managerial efficacy moderates the relationship between leader humility and LMX. To test the empirical validity of the proposed model, a field study was conducted in an oil, natural gas and energy Brazilian company. The proposed relations were examined in a sample of 196 employees from the operational area of two oil refineries, with application of a structured closed questionnaire and use of the quantitative data analysis method. In general, results provide support for the proposed hypothesis, suggesting that the higher humility leader, the better their relationship with members and, hence, the better the results of performance and organizational citizenship behavior of employees. Contributions, theoretical and practical implications, limitations and directions for future research are offered. / Diversas são as abordagens e perspectivas teóricas que buscam explicar o impacto da relação entre líderes e liderados nos resultados individuais e organizacionais. No entanto, ainda são poucas as pesquisas que têm como objetivo determinar características importantes do líder que podem afetar a qualidade dessa relação e, consequentemente, os resultados. O presente estudo contribui para a pesquisa nessa área ao analisar o impacto da humildade do líder no desempenho e no comportamento de cidadania organizacional (OCB) dos empregados, mediado pela qualidade da relação entre líderes e liderados. As hipóteses de pesquisa propostas exploram a qualidade da relação líder-liderado (LMX) como meio através do qual a humildade do líder influencia os resultados dos subordinados. Além disso, propõe-se uma relação de moderação da eficácia gerencial na relação entre humildade do líder e LMX. Para testar a validade empírica do modelo proposto, foi realizado um estudo de campo em uma empresa brasileira da indústria de óleo, gás natural e energia. As relações propostas foram examinadas em uma amostra de 196 empregados da área operacional de duas refinarias de petróleo, com aplicação de um questionário fechado estruturado e utilização do método quantitativo de análise de dados. De maneira geral, os resultados fornecem suporte para as hipóteses propostas, sugerindo que, quanto maior a humildade do líder, melhor sua relação com os liderados e, consequentemente, melhores os resultados de desempenho e de comportamento de cidadania organizacional dos empregados. Contribuições, implicações teóricas e práticas, limitações e direções para futuras pesquisas são oferecidas.

As organizações mudam suas práticas de gestão, muitas vezes realizando fusão, em razão de fatores externos como mudanças ou problemas sociais, políticos, ambientais e econômicos. Também variáveis internas como saúde financeira, estilos de gestão, diferenças culturais, níveis diferentes de conhecimento, envolvimento e comprometimento reduzido, medo, entre outros, podem influenciar o comportamento nas organizações. A empresa foco desta pesquisa, denominada Alfa, com objetivos estratégicos de expandir seus negócios, e ser mais competitiva no mercado, em dezembro de 2008 vendeu parte de sua composição acionária (49%) para uma empresa caracterizada como Beta. Dentro desse contexto, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com funcionários da empresa Alfa, localizada na cidade de Caxias do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir aspectos de comportamento organizacional em um ambiente de fusão de empresas. A pesquisa foi classificada como exploratória (estudo de caso), do tipo quantitativo, cujos dados foram processados utilizando-se técnicas tais como: análise fatorial, Anova e regressão linear múltipla. Foram utilizadas escalas pré-validadas para o bloco de comportamento organizacional e foi desenvolvida uma escala para medir e identificar as variáveis qualificadoras num ambiente de fusão. Como resultados foram identificados, entre os respondentes, graus moderados de comportamento organizacional com variabilidade significativa em diferentes subgrupos da população. As variáveis comportamentais significativas, extraídas do instrumento de pesquisa foram: comprometimento organizacional, cidadania organizacional (iniciativa, lealdade e fidelidade) e satisfação no trabalho. Em relação às variáveis qualificadoras da fusão apareceram significativas: trabalho e tarefa, motivação e comunicação. Percebeu-se que o conjunto de variáveis comportamentais identificadas podem ser responsáveis pela definição da cultura organizacional, a qual representa a forma de agir, de liderar, de resolver conflitos, de solucionar os problemas, de obter resultados, isto é, a maneira de administrar a empresa. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-05T16:07:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charles Rui.pdf: 2448400 bytes, checksum: cdd07738126dd6361aeb34d131e344ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-05T16:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Charles Rui.pdf: 2448400 bytes, checksum: cdd07738126dd6361aeb34d131e344ba (MD5) / Organizations change their management practices, sometimes after a process of merging, due to external factors such as changes or social, politics, environmental, and economic problems. It also happens due to internal variables such as financial health, management styles, cultural differences, different levels of knowledge, reduced commitment, fear, and others that may influence behavior of the organizations. The company, focus of this research, named Alpha, with the strategic purpose of expanding their businesses and to be more competitive in the market, sold part of it s shareholding (49%) to a company described as Beta in December, 2008. Within this context, this research was carried out with Alfa employees, in Caxias do Sul. The purpose of this study was to measure aspects of organizational behavior in a company merger environment. The research was classified as quantitative, exploratory (a case study), in which the data were processed using statistical techniques like factor analysis, Anova and multiple regression analysis. Pre-tested scales were used for the organizational behavior set and a new scale was developed to measure and identify the qualifying variables in a merger environment. The results identified moderate degrees of organizational behavior among the respondents, with significant variability in different sample subgroups. The significant behavioral variables extracted from the research instrument were: organizational commitment, organizational citizenship (initiative, loyalty and fidelity), and job satisfaction. The merger qualifying variables extracted were: work and task, motivation, and communication. It was noticed that the set of behavioral variables identified may be responsible for defining organizational culture, which represents the way of acting, leading, resolving conflicts, solving problems, achieving results, i.e., the way of managing the company.