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[pt] Esta dissertação traz propostas de atividades para aulas de História no Ensino Fundamental II, formuladas para ampliar as possibilidades de inserção dos povos originários indígenas nos conteúdos programáticos de História no Brasil, contribuindo com os objetivos da lei 11645/08. As atividades foram elaboradas em consonância com a Base Nacional Curricular Comum e as Orientações Curriculares da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro. Analisando as condições históricas do pensamento eurocêntrico e seus desdobramentos sobre o conhecimento histórico e o ensino de História, conceitos como História Pública e Consciência Histórica, e as críticas formuladas a partir de um ponto de vista decolonial, buscou entender o lugar dos indígenas na Cultura Histórica da população brasileira. Dialoga com autores que abordaram os processos históricos dos povos originários de uma maneira não etnocêntrica, e autores que trouxeram sua perspectiva histórica indígena. Analisa também o currículo sob uma perspectiva histórica e social, e traça um breve histórico da disciplina História e do ensino de História no Brasil, e também as leis que surgiram após a Constituição de 1988, que apontam na direção da construção da BNCC. / [en] This dissertation presents proposals for activities for History classes in Elementary Education II, formulated to expand the possibilities of insertion of indigenous native peoples in the syllabus of History in Brazil, contributing to the objectives of Law 11645/08. The activities were prepared in accordance with the Common National Curriculum Base and the Curricular Guidelines of the Municipal Education Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro. Analyzing the historical conditions of Eurocentric thought and its consequences on historical knowledge and the teaching of History, concepts such as Public History and Historical Consciousness, and the criticisms formulated from a decolonial point of view, sought to understand the place of in the Historical Culture of the Brazilian population. It dialogues with authors who approached the historical processes of indigenous peoples in a nonethnocentric way, and authors who brought their indigenous historical perspective. It also analyzes the curriculum from a historical and social perspective, and outlines a brief history of the History subject and the teaching of History in Brazil, as well as the laws that emerged after the 1988 Constitution, point in the direction of the construction of the BNCC.

Following developments in the last decades in the philosophical and theological studies of film, this study investigates film noir from the classic Hollywood era (1940-1959) from this perspective. It presents the key ideas behind the fields of film-philosophy and film-theology. Turning more specifically to film noir, the study addresses themes that come to the fore in these films, focusing especially on the depiction of human existence as characterized by a need for escape, that is at the same time impossible. The set of questions that arises with this starting point is developed through readings of a number of films, most lengthily Laura (directed by Otto Preminger, 1944) and Criss Cross (Robert Siodmak, 1949). It is suggested that film noir in interesting ways problematizes the persistent post-Enlightenment view of the subject as first and foremost rational and autonomous, and further, that film noir can be seen as following the Christian doctrine of original sin in seeing human existence as standing in need of redemption, while holding that it is at best uncertain if such redemption is possible.

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The concept of industry 4.0 has long been a topic of discussion, research, and cultural impact, it has also rapidly increased effectiveness, profitability, and growth for the involved parties. At the pinnacle of industry 4.0 smart factories have emerged as a concept, describing the factories of competitive manufacturing leaders who best utilize the advanced tools of the era. The journey toward progressing conventional factories, making them smart, requires collaboration with suppliers who are well-equipped to support this transition. Therefore, this thesis aims to take on a supplier perspective through the lens of strategy to gain a deeper understanding of how suppliers should act towards original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the smart factory era. Specifically, investigating how suppliers can seize business opportunities in the smart factory maturity (SFM) journey of OEMs.  The study was conducted through a qualitative single case study performed with an industrial supplier towards OEMs in the motor vehicle industry (MVI). Data collection included performing semi-structured interviews with employees at the case company as well as observations such as break room discussions and visits at OEMs. Moreover, thematic analysis was carried out which resulted in three themes which deepens the understanding of the supplier’s role in the context. The discussion of the themes concludes that suppliers should: 1. Understand the state of the OEMs' smart factory journey, by identifying the OEMs SFM and what drives them forward. 2. Use the found enablers in their strategy to assist the journey, i.e. by developing strategic partnerships, expanding the software offering, establishing a smart factory vision, and changing the mindset towards solution selling. 3. Prepare for and manage the identified challenges of the smart factory era, which are factory legacy, new competency needs, cyber security, silo mindset, and change management. The research contributes to industry 4.0 maturity model literature by adding a more managerial view on the area and a supplier perspective. Furthermore, the study contributes to strategic management literature by adding onto the dynamic capabilities framework by providing a practical context on how organizations can seize business opportunities.

Thesis analyses the reception of Augustine of Hippo's (354-430) ontological discourse on the soul in late antiquity and the early middle ages, more specifically in the sixth and the ninth centuries. Since Augustine never wrote a 'De anima', nor always presented his readers with definite answers to questions, there was room for later authors to interpret and improvise. This thesis focuses on 4 texts: Cassiodorus Senator's 'De anima', Eugippius of Lucculanum's massive florilegium the 'Excerpta ex operibus Sancti Augustini', both from the sixth century, Gottschalk of Orbais' letter 'Quaestiones de anima', and John Scottus Eriugena's apologetic 'De divina praedestinatione liber', both from the ninth century. This thesis establishes that, apart from Cassiodorus, the author's main interest in Augustine's ideas on the ontology of the soul rests on the way it impinges on their contemporary predestination debates. Cassiodorus consciously wanted to produce a Christian De anima in a classical vein. Especially the question of the origin of the soul takes the interest of Eugippius and Gottschalk. This is an important question for predestination debates, since it is supposed to explain technically how original sin came to be universal. Augustine never found a satisfactory answer to this thorny question. Eriugena's genius lies in building an original ontology of the soul on Augustine's own foundations which sidesteps this problem of the origin of the soul entirely.

台灣外銷產業在世界上佔著舉足輕重的角色，自六零年代開始至今囊括過無數個世界第一；從早期產品，如：鞋子、雨傘、成衣、腳踏車，到近期蓬勃發展的電子產業相關零組件及成品，如：晶圓代工、顯示器、個人電腦、手提電腦等等，台灣均曾經或是現在仍為全球最大供應國。 長久以來台灣一直以代工為強項，隨著時代進步，台灣的生產成本節節高昇，再加上中國大陸的崛起，使得台灣的競爭優勢不再是勞力密集的製造業，也因此產業升級的呼聲及討論非常熱烈。代工業者要捨棄眼前的代工業務，直接進入純品牌經營的策略仍是一個相當高風險的做法。而品牌發展與代工之討論研究，宏碁率先投入自有品牌經營之後也一直持續不斷。 很多人可能沒聽過台灣的衛浴五金及水龍頭零配件代工外銷也是世界第一，歐美主要水龍頭品牌都是進口零配件至當地後再進行組裝。而衛浴五金水龍頭零件代工也和其他台灣代工產業一樣，因為競爭日趨激烈，使得產業內的業者必須積極準備因應對策，追求永續經營。 本研究以此產業外銷前五大廠商個案公司為研究對象，以策略群組區分出專注代工及深耕品牌兩大群組，比較群組之間及群組內各公司運用策略的異同;同時也針對產業大環境的變動、供應面及需求面的改變、供應鏈角色的延伸及位移等衝擊所帶來的影響，各群組個案公司所採取的策略作法，做一研究探討，進而研討出一個方向提供給產業業者制定未來經營策略的參考，以期待此產業業者之競爭優勢得以持續。 / Taiwan’s export industry plays a significant role in the world market. Since the 1960’s it has held the number one position in countless manufacturing sectors. From early times in industries such as shoes, umbrellas, clothing, and bicycles to the present booming modern electronic industries like Semiconductor Foundries, monitor, personal computer (PC), and laptop manufacturing etc., Taiwan is now or was once the biggest supplier in the world. Taiwan has been favored by OEM policy. But now it is losing it competition edge due to continuously increasing production costs and the rapid development of China’s manufacturing industries. It’s no longer to Taiwan’s advantage to operate labor intensive manufacturing, therefore there has been a cry for and vigorous discussion regarding a change in Taiwan’s industries’ roles. Discontinuing the current OEM activities and quickly investing in Original Brand Manufacturing (OBM) is a high risk decision. The discussion and research into the OBM and OEM lines of development was sustained after ACER became an OBM operation. Many people probably don’t realize that Taiwan is the world leader in the OEM plumbing hardware and faucet components export industry. The major leading brands of Europe and America import their components and then assemble them locally. The OEM plumbing hardware and faucet component industry faces the same problems as other OEM industries. To withstand the competition, they are compelled to develop innovative strategies for sustainable operation. This study adopts the top 5 export manufacturers of plumbing hardware and faucet components, categorizing them by OEM and OBM strategic groups, and comparing the similarities and differences between and within these two strategic groups. It also focuses directly on the overall changes in the industries environment, the influences on the role of supply chain expansions and changes, as well as changes in supply and demand in the market place; studying the adopted strategies by different players, dissecting these cases and extrapolating a method for the industries to formulate a future operation strategy and to maintain a competitive advantage.

Le premier verset de la Genèse raconte qu’au commencement, Dieu créa le ciel et la terre. Le monde, sa forme et sa matière, de même que le temps, soutient Augustin, surgissent alors dans l’être, à partir de rien, en un seul instant, celui de la Création. Censés couronner l’œuvre créatrice, l’homme et la femme, pourtant, ne tardent pas à rompre le lien de confiance qui les unit à leur Créateur, en faisant mauvais usage d’une chose bonne : leur liberté. À cause de sa première transgression, nous dit Augustin, l’humanité portera désormais la marque du péché, que seule la figure rédemptrice du Christ, le Second Adam, pourra effacer, grâce au pardon donné à tous ceux qui choisissent d’emprunter sa voie. Or, en raison de son désir irrépressible de connaître et de faire l’expérience du monde par le biais de son propre être donné, soumis au changement, l’homme semble perpétuellement tenté par la transgression des limites essentielles de sa relativité à Dieu. Pourtant, Dieu, l’unique créateur de l’être des choses créées, crée toute chose bonne, du moins dans une certaine mesure : le mal dont semblent caractérisés l’être même et les actions des hommes, correspond, en vérité, aux multiples degrés de bien qui résultent d’une privation plus ou moins grande du Bien suprême qu’est Dieu. Berbère de culture romaine, témoin et acteur des derniers jours de l’Antiquité, penseur bouillonnant et théologien essentiel, Augustin laissera une œuvre importante et féconde. Nous tenterons ici de comprendre le contexte d’émergence de sa doctrine du péché originel. / The first verse of Genesis says that in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The world, its form and matter, and time, argues Augustin, arose in Being out of nothing, in one single instant, that of the Creation. Conceived as the coronation of Creation, man, however, quickly breaks the trust relationship with his Creator, and does this by making evil use of a good thing: his free will. Because of its first transgression, says Augustine, humanity will, from now on, bear the mark of sin, which only the redemptive figure of Christ, the Second Adam, can erase, for all of those willing to follow his path. Yet, because of his irrepressible desire to acquire knowledge and experience of the world through his own given being, subject to change, man appears to be perpetually tempted by the transgression of his essential relativity to God. God, however, being the sole creator of the very being of created things, creates all things good, but to a certain degree: evil, which seems to characterize the being and actions of men, in reality, corresponds to varying degrees of goodness, which themselves result from more or less privation of the Supreme Good, namely, God. Berber of roman culture, witness and actor of the last days of Antiquity, passionate thinker and essential theologian, Augustine has produced some of humanity’s most important writings. In this work, we will attempt to understand the context which led to the emergence of his doctrine of original sin.