This work examines issues related to the national definition of the Serb community in Dalmatia between 1878 and 1905. It provides a partial assessment of the relationship between the Orthodox Church and the Serbian National Movement in Dalmatia. The thesis focuses on the formation of the Roman Catholic community of Serbs and the internal profile of this community. It also studies how the Serbians approached their conflict with the Croats within Dalmatia. This work also closely considers the historiographical disputes held on this topic between Croatian and Serbian historians. The work examines the circumstances leading up to the formation of the Serbian national movement and the creation of the independent Serbian political parties. I specifically focus on the political parties within the selected period for which Orthodoxy and the Orthodox Church are closely tied to the definition of the Serbian national identity. I also deal with the contentious issues with the Serbs and Roman Catholic communities. I also study the attitude of Serb representatives to the Croatian national movement and deal with their rights under this national project. I found that the connection between the liberal Serbian National Movement and the local leadership of the Orthodox Church was closer than is commonly reported in...

The presented work focuses on the topic of priests of selected Christian Churches, and their potential possibility to live in marriage. In order to view pastors comprehensively, it is essential to define who a priest is, how it is possible to become one, how to terminate this status, what the rights, duties and punishments for the priests are and what hierarchy each Church has. A historical overview of the priests' celibacy in the history of the Church and specifically in Czech history is also included in the diploma paper, as well as theology of celibacy. Roman-Catholic Church, Orthodox Church in the Czech Lands and Slovakia and Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren are selected for the purpose of this work.

This essay is mainly about the Church of the Goths and about the Russian Orthodox Church, and their conflict. The essay will be focusing about important persons in these two churches. This essay will be tracing back the roots of the Church of the Goths, since it is a church, that is unknown by most people in this world. My research will be making a distinction of the differences between the Church of the Goths and the Russian Orthodox Church. This essay will also be discussing the heritage of the Gothic people and the theories of the Goths.The methods in the essay, is academic sources, information from the Church of the Goths and from the Russian Orthodox Church. The results shows how the information was found, and now it is published for the first time about the Church of the Goths. This means the Church of the Goths has a stronger ground than first expected. The methods were comparing what the different sources says, and if it was possible to connect the Church of the Goths to the Metropolitanate of Gothia, and so on.

This research aimed to determine whether the rejection by Russian Orthodox Church leaders of recent translations of the Bible into Russian could be ascribed to a conflict of Russian and Western translation norms. Using Lefevere's (1992) notion of systems, the study compared the norms of Russian Bible translations, Western Bible translation and Russian literary translation, as well as those of a segment of the target audience, to determine the extent of their compatibility with each other and with the translations in question. The results showed that the recent translations did reflect the norms of Western Bible translation, but that these were not atypical of norms for previous Russian and Slavonic translations, nor for the norms of Russian literary translation. However, the results also showed that in practice target audience norms mirrored those of the Russian Orthodox Church, resulting in a similar rejection of the newer translations. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

This thesis is the study of televangelism contextualized within the country of Romania. It seeks to answer six main questions: I} When the Lord Jesus gave Christendom the global, Gospel mandate, he forced his disciples into a two thousand year struggle with, not only the message, but how to spread this message. Is the Gospel message so powerful that it will penetrate through any method of delivery? Can a former communist country be evangelized through television? 2) The next question asked in this thesis: is the message in and of itself, when conveyed through this media, sufficient to accomplish its goals? Does the media encourage the recipient to fulfill the desires of the message? What about Mass Communication Theory which espouses that television is more likely to reinforce then transform a viewer's belief? 3) The third question wrestled with: would the former communistic country of Romania, when turning to the ideals of the West, receive the Gospel message with greater or lesser significance through the media of television, or would other forms of communication be more desirable? Would television, in comparison to Crusade or Film Evangelism, be a more ideal media for the Gospel at this juncture in Romania's history? 4) Television allows large audiences to be reached with staggering efficiency, but does the medium itself impose limits on the kind of evangelism that can be done? What type of church grows out of an electronic medium? Would television gather a church "unto itself?" 5) In fulfilling the great commission, many organizations and mission groups have arisen with the desire to carry the Gospel message to the ends of the earth with whatever means available, including CBN, who uses television. Can television reach the masses, including the poor, in Eastern block countries? 6) The final question addressed in this research: what are the long term effects of televangelism in this former communistic country? Would a one time television program, given in one week, yield results that can be determined two years later? These questions were not only wrestled with, but conclusions were drawn to make evangelism and particularly televangelism more efficacious. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / Th. D. (Practical Theology)

This Master's thesis named "Approaches of Czech Churches towards Euthanasia" studies the topic of euthanasia through position papers of four selected churches active in the Czech Republic. The four examined churches are Roman Catholic Church, Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia, Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, and Czechoslovak Hussite Church whereas documents published by ecumenical panels are studied as well. The goal of the thesis is to create a statement overview of these four churches. First, the work introduces the topic itself, explains basic terms and development of different approaches. Second, it analyses position papers of examined churches which are subsequently compared in order to find the aspects which are common to the all four churches.

(FR) Depuis l’établissement de l’État grec moderne au XIXe siècle, son système éducatif véhicule un discours scolaire imprégné de la religion orthodoxe. Participation au cours de religion, fêtes religieuses et prière matinale dans le milieu scolaire en sont quelques exemples significatifs. Mais, que s’est-il passé depuis que la Grèce a adhéré à la Communauté européenne en 1981 et qu’elle est désormais obligée de se conformer aux règles européennes en matière de liberté de religion ?Parvient-elle à répondre au défi de l’européanisation qui stipule la formation de citoyens européens à travers un discours laïcisé promouvant le respect du pluralisme et de l’altérité ?Cette thèse de doctorat traite de ce défi, dit laïcité, et des moyens que le système éducatif grec utilise pour intégrer le concept dans son discours scolaire. Elle se base sur les grandes composantes de la laïcité :a. les valeurs fondamentales de la liberté et de l’égalité indépendamment de la religion et/ou d’autres convictions personnelles, b. la raison dans le cadre d’un régime démocratique et c. la distinction et l’autonomie simultanée de l’État et des religions. Le but est, d’abord, d’analyser le contenu des manuels scolaires de religion, d’histoire et d’éducation civique de l’enseignement primaire et secondaire au cours des trente-sept dernières années et, ensuite, de constater les transformations éventuelles dans la façon dont la laïcité est présentée.L’analyse des données montre que le discours véhiculé ne présente ni une grande évolution ni un changement total par rapport à celui du début des années 1980. Les trois matières favorisent de manière sélective certaines des composantes de la laïcité, cependant leur caractère ethnoculturel et nationaliste reste fort présent. / (EN) Since the establishment of the modern Greek state in the XIXth century, its educational system conveys a school discourse imbued with the orthodox religion. Participation in religion classes, religious celebrations and morning prayer in school are some significant examples. But what happened when Greece joined the European Community in 1981 and is now obliged to comply with EU rules on freedom of religion? Does it manage to meet the challenge of Europeanization which stipulates the formation of European citizens through a secular discourse about respect for pluralism and otherness?The present doctoral dissertation deals with this challenge, known as laïcité, and the means that the Greek education system uses to integrate the concept into its school discourse. It is based on the major components of laïcité: a. the fundamental values of freedom and equality regardless of religion and/or other personal beliefs, b. the reason in a democratic regime and c. the simultaneous distinction and autonomy of state and religions. The first aim is to analyze the content of religious, history and civic education school textbooks of primary and secondary education during the last thirty-seven years and then, to observe the possible transformations in the way laïcité is presented.The data analysis shows that the conveyed discourse presents neither a great evolution nor a total change compared to that one of the early 1980s. The three courses selectively favor some of the components of laïcité, yet their ethnocultural and nationalist character remain shighly present. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le phénomène du religieux joue un rôle important en Europe. Le droit ecclésiastique stipule les rapports juridiques entre l’Etat et les Eglises et les Religions. L’article 9 CEDH et son développement jurisprudentiel créent les conditions d’existence d’un droit ecclésiastique européen de facto. En outre, la Déclaration 11 annexée au Traité d’Amsterdam, la Charte des Droits fondamentaux de l’Union et le Traité de Lisbonne forment les fondements d’un droit ecclésiastique de l’Union, dans la perspective d’une convergence plus avancée. La contribution de l’Eglise Orthodoxe à la construction européenne est considérée indispensable par le biais des Représentations des Eglises Orthodoxes localement établies au sein de l’Union Européenne, ainsi que de sa tradition ecclésiale. / The religious phenomenon plays an important role in Europe. The ecclesiastical law regulates the relationship between the State and the Churches/Religions. The article 9 of the ECHR and its jurisprudential development create conditions for the existence of a de facto European ecclesiastical law. In addition, the Declaration 11 annexed to the Amsterdam Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Lisbon Treaty are the foundations of an Ecclesiastical law of the Union from the perspective of a more advanced convergence. The contribution of the Orthodox Church to the European construction is considered indispensable through representations of the locally established Orthodox Churches, within the European Union and its ecclesiastical tradition. / Το θρησκευτικό φαινόμενο παίζει ένα σημαντικό ρόλο στην Ευρώπη. Το εκκλησιαστικό δίκαιο ρυθμίζει τις σχέσεις Εκκλησιών και Θρησκειών με το κράτος. Το άρθρο 9 ΕΣΔΑ και η νομολογιακή του ανάπτυξη δημιουργούν τις δομές ύπαρξης ενός ευρωπαϊκού εκκλησιαστικού δικαίου de facto. Από την άλλη, η Δήλωση 11 της Συνθήκης του Άμστερνταμ, ο Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων και η Συνθήκη της Λισσαβόνας διαμορφώνουν τα θεμέλια ενός Εκκλησιαστικού δικαίου της Ένωσης, υπό τη προοπτική μίας πιο προχωρημένης σύγκλησης. Η συνεισφορά της Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας στην οικοδομή της Ευρώπης θεωρείται απαραίτητη μέσω των αντιπροσωπειών των κατά τόπους Ορθόδοξων Εκκλησιών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση αλλά και μέσω της εκκλησιαστική της παράδοση.

The Purpose of this essay is to seek an answer to whether or not a conflict exists between priests of the Assyrian Church, the Syrian Orthodox Church and the Coptic Church in contemporary Swedish society, as well as to examine the environment between the three. The theological dissimilarities will be studied (from a historical standpoint), along with the interviewed participants views on the division in Christianity which will be presented also. I choose to interview six priests/chorbishops who live and work in Sweden, and the result was analyzed according to the senior professor of peace- and conflict, Peter Wallensteen’s theories on conflict and conflict resolution, where important issues are laid out to identify the core problem, and theological differences are discussed and compared from a union perspective. The result of the interviews illustrate a clear response that the participants experience a lack of functioning collaborations (from the Assyrians Church view, a collaboration is absent from the Syrian Orthodox Church and the Coptic Church, and vice versa) and most of the participants experience negative consequences from the divide in churches, as they strive for unity in Christianity as a whole. The theological differences between the churches proves not to be as significant as expected, the actual predicament lies partly in language-and phrase division along with a general rejection of each other’s interpretations. In many instances all the churches mean to express the same things, but it is the explanation of expressions that vary and cause misunderstandings. Consequently it is imperative for these churches to develop functional communication to (amongst other issues) solve their interpretations. If not to unify, then to develop an acceptance for each other and the different understandings.

The thesis is a contribution to the analysis of media representation through the use of critical discourse analysis of twelve English written articles by Russian and international media sources. The articles were chosen in relation to the unauthorised Pussy Riot protest in the Cathedral in Moscow back in February 2012, and the societal changes that have taken place thereafter. The analysed articles have been written and published between February 2012 and January 2014. The aim with the study is to see how media sources from different geographical backgrounds described the same events and news.