Submitted by ANNITA MORAIS GIRARDI null (annitamgirardi@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T19:49:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Annita_Morais_Girardi.pdf: 19183057 bytes, checksum: cf7a9853bcc87aef37b3ca91a2afceea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-02-17T13:22:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 girardi_am_dr_jabo.pdf: 19183057 bytes, checksum: cf7a9853bcc87aef37b3ca91a2afceea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T13:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 girardi_am_dr_jabo.pdf: 19183057 bytes, checksum: cf7a9853bcc87aef37b3ca91a2afceea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este estudo avaliou o uso da termografia infravermelha e do exame radiológico digital como ferramentas de diagnóstico precoce da laminite em ovinos com acidose ruminal subaguda induzida experimentalmente e os efeitos da ingestão prolongada de alta proporção de alimento concentrado sobre as variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais. Foram utilizadas sete ovelhas adultas, com cânulas ruminais permanentes, que não tiveram prévio contato com alimento concentrado. Para a indução da acidose ruminal, incluiu-se ao volumoso, diariamente, 10% de alimento concentrado até atingir 80%, porcentagem mantida até completarem 19 semanas. A observação dos sinais de diarreia deu-se do quarto ao 22º dia e de laminite do quinto ao 24º dia. O fluido ruminal foi predominantemente líquido, de odor ácido e coloração amarelada. Observou-se elevação inicial nos valores da frequência cardíaca, tempo de sedimentação e flotação no fluido ruminal, plaquetas, neutrófilos segmentados, AST, FA, GGT, cálcio ionizado, magnésio, glicose, ureia, triglicérides e bilirrubinas indireta e total. No início do experimento, notou-se redução da frequência respiratória, linfocitopenia, monocitopenia, hipocalcemia, hipofosfatemia, hiponatremia, hipoproteinemia e hipocolesterolemia. A frequência de movimentos ruminais, o tempo de redução do azul de metileno, os níveis sanguíneos de creatinina, bilirrubina direta, lactato e CK foram reduzidos, enquanto as médias de temperatura, peso e escore corporal, eosinófilos, albumina, cloretos e potássio no sangue aumentaram durante todo o período de observação. Redução do pH ruminal ocorreu nos primeiros dias, a despeito de sua manutenção acima de 5,5 durante as 19 semanas de observação. Mecanismos compensatórios respiratórios e metabólicos, principalmente a acidificação da urina, mantiveram o pH sanguíneo dentro dos limites fisiológicos considerados para a espécie ovina. Dezesseis frações proteicas séricas foram separadas pela eletroforese, dentre elas oito proteínas identificadas pelos seus pesos moleculares, de funções desconhecidas. A maioria das proteínas de fase aguda e as imunoglobulinas identificadas no fracionamento eletroforético variaram durante o período de observação, sugerindo reação inflamatória. Nenhuma alteração macroscópica foi detectada à necropsia. A radiologia digital não permitiu a identificação de alterações podais decorrentes de laminite durante o período de avaliação. A termografia infravermelha detectou aumentos na temperatura da parede do casco mesmo sem a manifestação clínica de dor, indicando que esta técnica pode ser uma ferramenta útil para detectar laminite em ovinos numa fase precoce de evolução da doença. / This study evaluated the use of infrared termography and digital radiologic examination as early diagnostic tools for laminitis in sheep with experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis, and the effects of long-term ingestion of a high concentrate diet on clinical and laboratory variables. Seven adult ewes with permanent rumen cannula were used, which did not have any previous ingestion of concentrate feed. For the induction of ruminal acidosis, it was added to the roughage, 10% of concentrate feed until reach 80%, percentage held to the end of the 19-week experiment. Diarrhea signs were observed from fourth to 22nd day and laminitis from fifth to 24th day. Ruminal fluid was predominantly liquid, sour-smelling and yellowish. Initial increases of heart rate, sedimentation and flotation time, platelets, segmented neutrophils, AST, ALP, GGT, ionized calcium, magnesium, glucose, urea, triglycerides, indirect and total bilirubin were noted. At the beginning of the experiment, there was reduction of respiratory rate, lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, hypoproteinemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Ruminal movement rate, methylene blue reduction time, creatinine, direct bilirubin, lactate and CK blood levels decreased, while body temperature, weight and score, eosinophils, albumin, chloride and potassium blood levels increase throughout the period. Ruminal pH reduction occurred within the first days, despite its maintenance above 5.5 during the 19 weeks. Respiratory and metabolic mechanisms, mainly urine acidification, remained the blood pH between physiologic limits for sheep. Sixteen protein fractions were separated by electrophoresis, among them eight proteins of unknown functions, identified by their molecular weights. Most acute phase proteins and the immunoglobulins identified in the electrophoretic fractionation varied throughout the observation period, suggesting inflammation. No macroscopic alteration was detected at necropsy. The digital radiology did not allow the identification of podal changes resulting from laminitis during the trial period. Infrared thermography has detected increases in the maximum temperature of the hoof wall, even without the clinical manifestation of pain, indicating that this technique can be an useful tool to detect laminitis in sheep at an early stage of the disease. / FAPESP: 2012/09111-7

Orientador: Wilma Aparecida Starke Buzetti / Banca: Caris Maroni Nunes / Banca: Maria Conceição Zocoller Seno / Resumo: Toxocara vitulorum é um parasita nematódeo de alta freqüência no trato intestinal de búfalos, particularmente em bezerros búfalos de um a três meses de idade. Devido à sua alta morbidade e mortalidade, causa consideráveis prejuízos a bubalinocultura. A pesquisa objetivou a obtenção de antígenos de extrato larval solúvel bruto (Ex), do material excretor-secretor (ES) de larvas infectantes e do líquido perientérico (Pe) de adultos de T. vitulorum, bem como a separação das frações protéicas na mistura pelo SDS-PAGE, seguida da análise imunológica por "Western blot" (WB), utilizando-se soros imunes e colostros de búfalos naturalmente infectados com T. vitulorum além de camundongos imunes. O acompanhamento do quadro parasitário dos bezerros búfalos também foi realizado. Pôde-se verificar que os três antígenos, Pe, Ex e ES, apresentaram mobilidades eletroforéticas pelo SDS-PAGE revelando nove (11,5, 14,2, 31, 38, 58, 76, 88, 112 e 165 KDa), onze (11,2, 13,3, 16,5, 22, 25, 32, 43, 53, 68, 82 e 96 KDa) e oito (19, 48, 56, 64, 90, 110, 150 e 190 KDa) bandas protéicas, respectivamente. A maioria dessas frações separadas pela eletroforese, foi reconhecida por todos as amostras de soros e pelo colostro, quando analisada pelo WB. No entanto, somente as bandas de alto peso molecular (68 - 190 KDa) persistiram nos grupos de bezerros búfalos que se encontravam no pico, declínio ou expulsão e na ausência ou autocura, à exceção do antígeno ES, que desapareceu durante o processo de autocura. Já os soros de bezerros búfalos com um de vida, que mamaram o colostro e os daqueles que se encontravam em fase de aparecimento ou ascensão, revelaram com as mesmas frações detectadas no soro e no colostro das búfalas. Os três antígenos reagiram de forma cruzada entre si, quando foram testados com soros homólogos e heterólogos de camundongos imunizados experimentalmente com estes antígenos de T. vitulorum / Abstract: Toxocara vitulorum is a nematode parasite of small intestine of cattle and water buffaloes particularly buffalo calves with one to three months of age, causing high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this research was the antigen obtaintion and characterization of crude soluble larval extract (Ex), excretory-secretory (ES) of infective larvae, and perienteric fluid (Pe) from adults of T. vitulorum, as well as the separation of protein fractions from the antigenic mixture by SDS-PAGE and analysis of each band by Western blot (WB), using immune sera and colostrum of buffaloes naturally infected by T. vitulorum, and mice experimentally immunized. The parasitological status of the buffalo calves was also evaluated using sequentially coprological examinations. The results showed that three antigens, Pe, Ex and ES, revealed nine (11,5, 14,2, 31, 38, 58, 76, 88, 112, and 165 KDa), eleven (11,2, 13,3, 16,5, 22, 25, 32, 43, 53, 68, 82, and 96 KDa) and eight (19, 48, 56, 64, 90, 110, 150, and 190 KDa) protein bands by SDS-PAGE, respectively. The majority of these isolated bands were recognized by sera and colostrum of all groups of infected animals (buffalo cows one day post parturition and buffalo calves in five different periods of T. vitulorum infection) analyzed by WB. However, only the fractions of high molecular weight (68 - 190 KDa) persisted in the groups of buffalo calves at maximum peak of infection, expulsion and post-expulsion of the parasite or self-cure process, excepting ES antigen, that was not detected during the self-cure process. Sera of buffalo calves at one day of age, after suckling the colostrum and at the beginning of infection reacted with the same bands detected by serum and colostrum of the buffalo cows. The three antigens showed crossed reaction among themselves, when they were tested with homologous and heterologous sera of mice experimentally immunized with them / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_tg_me_jabo.pdf: 837046 bytes, checksum: f72346486eb135d1df17c2bfd41fd6ee (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) de vacas Canchim aos seus bezerros. Um grupo experimental foi constituído por 13 vacas primíparas e seus bezerros, e o outro por 13 vacas pluríparas e seus bezerros. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso dos bezerros e secreções lácteas das vacas até 1 hora e 1, 2, 7, 15 e 30 dias após o nascimento/parto. No hemograma, notaram-se alterações características do período neonatal, como redução na contagem de hemácias, teor de hemoglobina e volume globular após a ingestão do colostro, além de aumento na contagem de linfócitos e redução da contagem de neutrófilos segmentados. Os exames bioquímicos séricos revelaram aumento nas atividades de GGT (até 3.746 U/L) e ALP (até 1.030 U/L) e nos teores de proteína total (até 7,77 g/dL), globulinas (até 6,01 g/dL), IgA (até 322 mg/dL) e IgG (até 2.918 mg/dL) após a ingestão do colostro, seguidos por redução gradual nestes parâmetros até os 30 dias de idade. As avaliações bioquímicas das secreções lácteas revelaram alta concentração de todos os componentes colostrais analisados, com redução gradual nos seus teores no decorrer do período experimental, à exceção dos minerais, cujas concentrações oscilaram pouco entre os momentos. A TIP foi eficiente em ambos os grupos de bezerros, e a qualidade das secreções lácteas, embora diferentes entre vacas primíparas e pluríparas, não interferiu na passagem de imunoglobulinas da vaca para o bezerro. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive immunity transfer from Canchim cows to its calves. One experimental group comprised 13 primiparous cows and its calves and the other group, 13 multiparous cows and its calves. Samples of calves’ venous blood and cow`s lacteal secretions were collected until 1 hour and 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 days after birth/parturition. In the hemogram, characteristic alterations of this period, such as reduction in the erytocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and corpuscular volume after colostrum intake and rise in the lymphocyte count and reduction in the neutrophil count were noticed. The serum biochemistry revealed augmentation in the GGT (up to 3,746 U/L) and ALP (up to 1,030 U/L) activities and in the total protein (up to 7.77 g/dL), globulin (up to 6.01 g/dL), IgA (up to 322 mg/dL) and IgG (up to 2,918 mg/dL) concentrations after colostrum intake, followed by a gradual reduction in these parameters until 30 days of age. The biochemical evaluation of the lacteal secretions revealed high concentrations of all the colostral components analysed, with gradual reduction in their concentrations along the experimental period, except for the minerals, which showed little oscillation between the moments. The passive immunity transfer was efficient in both groups of calves, and the quality of the lacteal secretions, although different between primiparous and multiparous cows, did not interfere in the transference of immunoglobulins from the cows to the calves.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-23T18:50:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GracianaCleciaDantas_TESE.pdf: 5111296 bytes, checksum: b36fdda3c626c34a46d304ad7884c2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monica Paiva (monicalpaiva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-23T18:58:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GracianaCleciaDantas_TESE.pdf: 5111296 bytes, checksum: b36fdda3c626c34a46d304ad7884c2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GracianaCleciaDantas_TESE.pdf: 5111296 bytes, checksum: b36fdda3c626c34a46d304ad7884c2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O uso de agrot?xicos em cultivo agr?cola ? cada vez maior. Os inseticidas qu?micos usados na agroind?stria causam grandes preocupa??es como a contamina??o ambiental e a falta de seletividade aos organismos. Uma alternativa para esse problema ? a utiliza??o de bioinseticidas. Os bioinseticidas s?o mais seguros que os agrot?xicos comuns e apresentam vantagens como menor toxicidade e alta especificidade. Ademais, podem ser utilizados em menor quantidade, decomp?em-se mais r?pido e sua utiliza??o associada com os inseticidas sint?ticos faz com que o uso de agrot?xicos seja menor, causando baixo impacto ambiental. Em particular, bioinseticidas do tipo baculov?rus t?m sido apontados como uma op??o de substitui??o a estes inseticidas qu?micos na agricultura. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a produ??o in vitro do baculov?rus Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus e o estudo do seu perfil eletrofor?tico com base nas prote?nas virais presentes nos v?rus extracelulares deste baculov?rus. As part?culas de v?rus extracelulares obtidas durante a passagem seriada do baculov?rus foram analisadas por eletroforese em gel desnaturante e, como esperado, a poliedrina - prote?na respons?vel pela forma??o do corpo de oclus?o - com aproximadamente 30 kDa foi destaque em todas as passagens analisadas. Prote?nas na regi?o entre 14,4 e 97 kDa tamb?m foram detectadas. A an?lise do efeito da adi??o do horm?nio ?-ecdisona extra?do do Ginseng brasileiro e do horm?nio ecdisona sint?tico na produ??o do baculov?rus Spodoptera foi realizada na terceira e quarta passagens em c?lulas Sf21, momento em que a forma??o dos corpos de oclus?o foi reduzida. Os resultados mostraram que o horm?nio ecdisona n?o influenciou na produ??o dos corpos de oclus?o na terceira passagem. Por?m, na quarta passagem ao se adicionar o horm?nio ecdisona, tanto o sint?tico como o extra?do do Ginseng brasileiro, houve um aumento aproximado de duas vezes na forma??o dos corpos de oclus?o quando comparados ? produ??o sem adi??o de ecdisona. Utilizando este processo de infec??o, foi realizada uma modelagem e simula??o matem?tica que representasse o mecanismo de produ??o do bioinseticida. / O uso de agrot?xicos em cultivo agr?cola ? cada vez maior. Os inseticidas qu?micos usados na agroind?stria causam grandes preocupa??es como a contamina??o ambiental e a falta de seletividade aos organismos. Uma alternativa para esse problema ? a utiliza??o de bioinseticidas. Os bioinseticidas s?o mais seguros que os agrot?xicos comuns e apresentam vantagens como menor toxicidade e alta especificidade. Ademais, podem ser utilizados em menor quantidade, decomp?em-se mais r?pido e sua utiliza??o associada com os inseticidas sint?ticos faz com que o uso de agrot?xicos seja menor, causando baixo impacto ambiental. Em particular, bioinseticidas do tipo baculov?rus t?m sido apontados como uma op??o de substitui??o a estes inseticidas qu?micos na agricultura. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a produ??o in vitro do baculov?rus Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus e o estudo do seu perfil eletrofor?tico com base nas prote?nas virais presentes nos v?rus extracelulares deste baculov?rus. As part?culas de v?rus extracelulares obtidas durante a passagem seriada do baculov?rus foram analisadas por eletroforese em gel desnaturante e, como esperado, a poliedrina - prote?na respons?vel pela forma??o do corpo de oclus?o - com aproximadamente 30 kDa foi destaque em todas as passagens analisadas. Prote?nas na regi?o entre 14,4 e 97 kDa tamb?m foram detectadas. A an?lise do efeito da adi??o do horm?nio ?-ecdisona extra?do do Ginseng brasileiro e do horm?nio ecdisona sint?tico na produ??o do baculov?rus Spodoptera foi realizada na terceira e quarta passagens em c?lulas Sf21, momento em que a forma??o dos corpos de oclus?o foi reduzida. Os resultados mostraram que o horm?nio ecdisona n?o influenciou na produ??o dos corpos de oclus?o na terceira passagem. Por?m, na quarta passagem ao se adicionar o horm?nio ecdisona, tanto o sint?tico como o extra?do do Ginseng brasileiro, houve um aumento aproximado de duas vezes na forma??o dos corpos de oclus?o quando comparados ? produ??o sem adi??o de ecdisona. Utilizando este processo de infec??o, foi realizada uma modelagem e simula??o matem?tica que representasse o mecanismo de produ??o do bioinseticida.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T21:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leonardo Guimarães de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2541166 bytes, checksum: 5b0501be9f076d03111ca00fcf4980a7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T11:18:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leonardo Guimarães de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2541166 bytes, checksum: 5b0501be9f076d03111ca00fcf4980a7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T11:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leonardo Guimarães de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 2541166 bytes, checksum: 5b0501be9f076d03111ca00fcf4980a7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The protein profile of hornless Nellore cattle from a segregating population for meat tenderness of extremes shear force, low extreme group (M) and extreme high (D) group, showed differentially expressed proteins. They had greater relative abundance of proteins of the glycolytic process in group M and proteins of the oxidative metabolism evidenced more expressed in group D, fact that probably is correlated to the final tenderness of the meat. Only identified in group D, the cytochrome c protein indicates induction of the apoptotic process in this group of animals. Structural proteins were identified in group M, indicating a possible greater proteolysis. Calpastatin was only identified in group D, this protein is highly related to the final meat tenderness because it is a natural inhibitor of the calpain. Separation of calpastatin by ion exchange column chromatography of two different muscles described two peaks of calpain inhibitory activity: peak 1 (CAST1) and peak 2 (CAST2). CAST 1 activity increased during the post-mortem period in Triceps brachii and showed no difference between days in Longissimus dorsi and on the other hand, total activity of calpastatin and CAST 2 decreased during post-mortem aging. The 115 kDa band of calpastatin decreased its intensity during post-mortem aging in both muscles with more than 70% of the change occurring on the first day. The mitochondrial ATP synthase beta subunit proteins increased and Succinyl CoA ligase decreased after aging and Adenylate kinase isoenzyme decreased on day 7. Calpastatin peaks had weak phosphorylated bands and had different IP and MW patches than 2D-SDS -PAGE. During the purification process of the calpastatin peaks the activity per mg of protein increased but lost half of the total activity presented during the first purification step. For peak 2 of calpastatin the specific activity increased 139.8 times and at the end of this process 36% of the total activity remained. Purified calpastatin was identified on the second-size gel having a molecular weight similar to the western blot. Spots from calpastatin peak 1 and two from calpastatin peak 2 were identified as peptides belonging to the calpastatin molecule. Sequence of peptides identified in Spot from purified peak 1 as part of the inhibitory domain III and IV and of the C-terminus and from the purified peak 2 a sequence of peptides identified as part of the inhibitory domain I, II and III. These results lead us to believe that both peaks, in this case, are degradation products of the intact molecule, and probably the small peptides are broken down during the process. The results of the present study show that purification of distinct forms of active calpastatin is possible, however, the intact form of calpastatin was not present in this purification. The presence of peptides was not conclusive to determine the origin and composition of each active peak. / O perfil protéico de animais da raça nelore mocho de uma população segregante para a maciez da carne de extremos valores de força de cisalhamento, grupo extremo baixo (M) e grupo extremo alto (D), apresentou proteínas diferentemente expressas as quais houve maior abundância relativa de proteínas do processo glicolítico no grupo M e proteínas do metabolismo oxidativo evidenciadas mais expressas no grupo D, fato que provavelmente está correlacionado à maciez final da carne. Apenas identificada no grupo D, a proteína citocromo c indica indução do processo apoptótico neste grupo de animais. Proteínas estruturais foram identificadas no grupo M, indicando uma possível maior proteólise. A calpastatina foi somente identificada no grupo D, esta proteína está altamente relacionada com a maciez final da carne por ser inibidora natural das calpaínas. A separação de calpastatina por cromatografia em coluna de troca iônica de dois músculos diferentes descreveu dois picos de actividade inibitória de calpaínas: pico 1 (CAST1) e pico 2 (CAST2). Atividade de CAST 1 aumentada durante o período post mortem no Triceps brachii e não apresentou diferença entre os dias em Longissimus dorsi e por outro lado, a atividade total de calpastatina e CAST 2 diminuiu durante o envelhecimento post mortem. A banda de 115 kDa da calpastatina diminuiu sua intensidade durante o envelhecimento post mortem em ambos os músculos com mais de 70% da alteração ocorrendo no primeiro dia. As proteínas mitocondriais da subunidade ATP sintase beta aumentaram e a Succinil-CoA ligase diminuiu após o envelhecimento e a Adenilato quinase isoenzima diminuiu no dia 7. Os picos de calpastatina apresentavam faixas fosforiladas fracas e apresentavam manchas em IP e MW diferentes do que 2D-SDS-PAGE. Durante o processo de purificação dos picos de calpastatina a actividade por mg de proteína aumentou mas perdeu metade da atividade total apresentada durante a primeira etapa de purificação. Para o pico 2 de calpastatina a actividade específica aumentou 139,8 vezes e no final deste processo permaneceu 36% da atividade total. A calpastatina purificada foi identificada no gel de segunda dimensão com um peso molecular semelhante ao western blot. Spots do pico 1 da calpastatina e dois do pico 2 da calpastatina foram identificados como peptídeos pertencentes à molécula da calpastatina. Sequêcia de peptídeos identificados em Spot a partir do pico 1 purificado como parte do domínio inibidor III e IV e do terminal C e do pico 2 purificado uma sequêcia de peptideos identificados como parte do domínio inibidor I, II e III. Estes resultados levam-nos a crer que ambos os picos, neste caso, são produtos de degradação da molécula intacta e, provavelmente, os pequenos peptideos são quebrados durante o processo. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que é possível a purificação de formas distintas de calpastatina activa, contudo a forma intacta de calpastatina não estava presente nesta purificação. A presença de peptídeos não foi conclusiva para determinar a origem ea composição de cada pico ativo.

The traditional definition of a dynamic web application is about a collection of programs executed at server-side to provide content for clients. These types of web applications produce content at server-side and deliver it to their clients via multiple pages. In result, the client-side has the responsibility to render the content and perform a limited amount of calculations to increase the performance and user experience.    Meteor is a web framework designed for developing Single Page Applications and compared with traditional web frameworks, it takes a new approach in which most of the computations are done at the client-side. This leads to having the server-side primarily used for data storage and secondarily performing a limited amount of computations based on the Model View View-Model pattern.    This thesis tries to examine how web development is affected by Meteor framework from different angles by performing an experimental analysis on Meteor framework. It will investigate different attributes of Meteor framework used for developing a real-world application and finally concludes by presenting the advantages and disadvantages of using it.

Digitalization has changed our world and how we interact with different systems. Desktop applications have more and more been integrated with internet, and the web browser has become the Graphical User Interface (GUI) in today’s system solutions. A change that needs to be considered in the automated regression testing process. Using the actual GUI has over time shown to be a complicated task and is therefore often broken out as its own standalone test object. This study looked into time and quality constrains of using the GUI as driver of the regression testing of business requirements in a web based solution. By evaluating the differences in execution times of test cases between Application Programming Interface (API) calls and GUI driven testing, flakiness of test results and required modifications over time for a specific test suite. These constraints were analyzed by looking into how reliability of the test results could be achieved. With a GUI driven full end to end scope the quality in software solutions could be improved with a reduction in the number of interface issues and detected errors in deployed systems. It would also reduce the volume of test cases that needs to be executed and maintained as there are no longer standalone parts to verify separately with partially overlapping test cases. The implementation utilized Selenium WebDriver to drive the GUI and the results showed that by utilizing Selenium the test execution times were increased from approximately 2 seconds (API) to 20-75 seconds (Selenium). The flaky test results could be eliminated by applying the appropriate pattern to detect, locate, and scroll into visibility prior to interacting with the elements. In the end of the study the test execution results were 100% reliable. The navigation required 15 modifications over time to keep them running. By applying the appropriate pattern a reliable test result can be achieved in end to end regression testing where the test case is driven from the GUI, however with an increase in execution time.

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. There are different cloud services of which cloud Infrastructure as a service enables a company to grow very fast. All small and large-scale companies are shifting their applications towards cloud. As usage of the internet all over the world, the number of video applications are increasing more and becoming popular. Smart phones use wireless networks to transfer large amount of data. Users access the video application from the cloud through web browsers in laptop and smart phone. First, a systematic literature review is conducted on the performance issues of cloud infrastructure as a service. Second, the performance metrics jitter, round trip time and page loading time are analyzed while accessing a video application from the cloud. Finally, results are analyzed for various browsers in Smartphone and laptop. From the obtained results it helps the users to choose better browser for accessing cloud applications.

User perceived latency is the most prominent performance issue influencing the World Wide Web (www) presently. Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) have been the backbone of web transport for decades, thus received a lot of attention recently due to end-to-end performance degradation in mobile environments. Inefficiencies of HTTP and TCP strongly affect web response time mainly in resource limited devices. HTTP compression reduces some of the burden imposed by TCP slow start phase. However, compression is still an underutilized feature of the web today [1]. In order to fulfill the end user expectations, we can optimize HTTP to improve Page Load Time (PLT), low memory usage and better network utilization. SPDY, a web latency reducing protocol and HTTP pipelining are a recent proposal to provide faster information exchange over web. Through the course of this work, we present a comprehensive study of new approaches to reduce mobile web latency. At first, we measure the PLT after implementing SPDY, HTTP and HTTP pipelining. Secondly, we also analyze the performance of these protocols after tuning the network parameters like bandwidth and round-trip time (RTT). Finally, we compare the performance of HTTP and other latency reducing protocols. We have conducted all experiments over DummyNet under user-configured network conditions. We critically discuss the challenges of shifting from HTTP to these latency-reducing protocols.

A single-page application is a website that retrieves all needed components in one single page load. The intention is to get a user experience that reminds more of a native appli- cation rather than a website. Single-page applications written in Javascript are becoming more and more popular, but when the size of the applications grows the complexity is also increased. A good architecture or a suitable framework is therefore needed. The thesis begins by analyzing a number of design patterns suitable for applications containing a graphical user interface. Based on a composition of these design patterns, an architecture that targets single-page applications was designed. The architecture was designed to make applications easy to develop, test and maintain. Initial loading time, data synchronization and search engine optimizations were also important aspects that were considered. A framework based on the architecture was implemented, tested and compared against other frameworks available on the market. The framework that was implemented was designed to be modular, supports routing and templates as well as a number of different drivers for communicating with a server-side database. The modules were designed with a variant of the pattern Model-View-Controller (MVC), where a presentation model was introduced between the controller and the view. This allows unit tests to bypass the user interface and instead communicate directly with the core of the application. After minification and compression, the size of the framework is only 14.7 kB including all its dependencies. This results in a low initial loading time. Finally, a solution that allows a Javascript application to be indexed by a search engine is presented. It is based on PhantomJS in order to produce a static snapshot that can be served to the search engines. The solution is fast, scalable and easy to maintain.