La littérature est unanime quand à la nocivité des participations horizontales (ppH) sur la concurrence, en effet l'internalisation de profits joints incite à la collusion même lorsque la part de capital acquise est peu importante.Néanmoins nous ne sommes pas aussi catégoriques sur la dangerosité des participations horizontales, certes elles ont tendance à favoriser des rapprochements entre concurrents et ainsi pénaliser le surplus des consommateurs mais dans certains cas nous montrons qu'elle peuvent avoir des effets bénéfiques sur le bien-être total et même sur le surplus du consommateur. C'est notamment le cas lorsqu'il y a possibilité d'acquérir une technologie qui permet de réduire les coûts marginaux en échange d'un coup fixe d'investissement comme nous allons le présenter dans un modèle original dans le 3è chapitre de cette thèse.Contrairement aux fusions verticales qui dans la littérature ont un effet positif sur la concurrence grâce à une réduction de la double marginalisation, l'intégration partielle via les prises de participations verticales (ppV) n'a pas les mêmes conséquences. Il existe une substituabilité stratégique entre ppH et ppV et ces dernières peuvent être aussi nocives dans ce cas que les ppH. Nous pensons que les ppV downward sont aussi néfastes que les ppH et que les autorités de régulation devraient plus les réglementer dans le but d'améliorer le surplus des consommateurs.De plus, nous montrons dans le 4è chapitre que les ppV par leur pouvoir d'intégration partielle peuvent reproduire les effets d'un fusion verticale, ainsi les ppV peuvent présenter des avantages pour le surplus social. / The literature is unanimous about the harmfulness of partial horizontal ownership (pHo) competition, indeed internalized joints profits encourage collusion even when the acquired share of capital is small.Nevertheless we are not as adamant about the dangerness of pHo, which certainly tend to promote collusion between competitors and thus penalize the consumer surplus, but in some cases we show that it may have beneficial effects on the total welfare and even on the consumer surplus. This is especially true when there is opportunity to develop a technology that reduces the marginal costs in exchange for a fixed investment as we will present it in an original model in the 3rd chapter of this thesis.Unlike vertical mergers in the literature have a positive effect on the competition with a reduction of the double marginalization through the partial integration, partial vertical ownerships (pVo) has different consequences. There is strategic substitutability betwenn pHo and pVo and they can be as harmful in this case that pHo. We believe that the downward.participations are as bad as pHo and that regulators should regulate them more in order to improve the consumer surplus.In addition, we show in the 4th chapter that pVo ;which power partial integration; can reproduce the effects of a vertical merger, this way the pVo can be beneficial to the social surplus.

Contemporary feminist movements are mixed gendered but men’s participation in them remain low. Many sociological studies have neglected to study men’s role and participation in feminist movements and focused mainly on women’s position.  This thesis builds on social movement theories and previous research conducted within this field.  This study aims to reveal factors that motivate men’s participation and roles played by them in contemporary feminist movements. Qualitative interviews are used for data collection. The data indicate that men’s role in feminist movements is designated to support the movements. Factors that motivated them to participate in the movements include; rational, network and political motivations.

Studien syftade till att undersöka ungdomars och socialsekreterares uppfattning och tankar kring socialtjänstens arbete gällande barns och ungas delaktighet. Tretton ungdomar från olika skolor och sex socialsekreterare som arbetar med utredningar gällande barn och unga deltog i fokusgruppsintervjuer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån KASAM samt Shiers delaktighetsmodell. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna i vår studie hade liten kunskap gällande socialtjänsten och dess arbete. Resultatet belyser vilka faktorer som kan vara viktiga gällande barns delaktighet, dvs. mötet i utredningsprocessen, ett för ungdomarna eget aktörskap samt vikten av återkoppling. Resultatet visar att en utveckling på dessa områden skulle kunna bidra till en ökad upplevelse av delaktighet i mötet med socialtjänsten. I såväl tidigare forskning som i ungdomarnas samt socialsekreterarnas utsagor går det att se likheter gällande hur barn bör göras delaktiga, dock visar det sig inte stämma helt överens med vad som sker i det praktiska arbetet. / The study aimed to investigate young persons' and social workers' perceptions and thoughts about children and young person's participation in the work of social services. Thirteen young persons from different schools and six social workers responsible for investigations of children and young persons participated in separate qualitative focus group interviews. The empirical material has been analysed based on KASAM and Shier's model of participation. The results show that the young person's in our study had little knowledge about social services and their work. The results further contribute to an understanding of the decisive factors regarding children's participation, which relate to the meetings in the investigation process, the young person's own involvement and the importance of feedback. The results indicate that a development in these areas could contribute to an increased experience of participation in the meetings with the social services. In previous research as well as in the statements made by young persons and social workers, it is possible to see similarities regarding how children should be involved, however, this does not seem to be in complete agreement with what is happening in the practical work.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-26T15:04:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taiane Malabarba_.pdf: 3059781 bytes, checksum: 6e2f88e38751f63f9402334673090aa4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T15:04:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taiane Malabarba_.pdf: 3059781 bytes, checksum: 6e2f88e38751f63f9402334673090aa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa investiga a prática docente em sala de aula, entendida aqui como trabalho real-concretizado. Tem-se por objetivo geral descrever como, do ponto de vista linguístico-interacional, um projeto de ensino é pilotado em face às contingências interacionais. Os dados foram gerados em uma escola de idiomas do interior do Rio Grande do Sul a partir de 10 horas-aula gravadas em vídeo com uma turma de alunos adultos no seu primeiro semestre do curso de língua inglesa. Focou-se nos momentos em que o curso do agir é alterado a partir da participação contingente de um ou mais alunos. Por participação contingente, entende-se tanto as tomadas de turno espontâneas por parte dos alunos quanto os turnos alocados previamente, mas que, de certa forma, não atendem à expectativa projetada por uma ação antecedente. Conceitos advindos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999) e da Análise da Conversa (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974) de forma mais ampla, abarcando os campos semióticos da fala-em-interação (GOODWIN, 2013), servem de referência teórico-metodológica para a análise. Os resultados revelam um percurso recorrente no que tange à fala-em-interação em curso durante o trabalho docente: 1) projeto de ensino; 2) participação contingente; 3) alinhamento; 4) intraexpansão do projeto de ensino; 5) fechamento; e 6) projeto de ensino – entre percursos identificados em menor escala. Em conjunto, o olhar empreendido durante a análise permite compreender também o entrelaçamento constante entre o que é da ordem da fala cotidiana e o que é da ordem da fala institucional. Quanto à primeira, observou-se a presença de riso, orientações posturais mais relaxadas e traços prosódicos específicos, que parecem estar ligados ao estabelecimento de laços entre os participantes. Quanto à segunda, chamam a atenção a postura corporal mais ereta, acompanhada pela mudança significativa no volume e/ou tom de voz e aparente relutância em empregar a língua portuguesa. Esses resultados podem contribuir com as pesquisas sobre sala de aula de línguas ao desvelar as ações que envolvem momentos em que o projeto de ensino é alterado em virtude de contingências interacionais e ao propor a construção de uma linguagem que permita falar sobre o agir docente na prática. Igualmente, eles podem ser usados pelos programas de formação docente para promover reflexão e fomentar a elaboração de um repertório de práticas interacionais que possa orientar principalmente os professores em início de carreira. / This research investigates classroom teaching as a practice understood here as real-concrete work. The main objective is to describe how, from the linguistic-interactional point of view, a teaching project is enacted in face of interactional contingencies. The study draws upon transcriptions of 10 (classroom) hours of video recordings generated with a group of elementary students in a private language school setting in the Southern region of Brazil. The focus of analysis were the moments when the course of actions changes due to unexpected student participations, so understood either because they were not pre-allocated by the teacher or because they fail to meet the expectations projected by a previous action. Concepts derived from Sociodiscursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999) and Conversation Analysis (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974) in a broader perspective, which views talk-in-interaction as created through several semiotic fields (GOODWIN, 2013), were used as theoretical and methodological reference in the analysis. The findings reveal a pervasive route concerning talk-in-interaction observed in the accomplishment of the work of teaching: 1) teaching project; 2) unexpected participation; 3) alignment; 4) inner-expansion of the teaching project; 5) closing; and 6) teaching project among other less frequent routes. Altogether, the analysis accomplished reveal the constant interweaving movement between ordinary and institutional talk. Concerning the former, the presence of laughter, more relaxed body postures and specific prosodic features, which seem to be linked to the establishment of rapport with the students, is noticeable. Concerning the latter, attention is drawn to more straight body posture accompanied by a significant change in voice volume and/or pitch and an apparent reluctance in using Portuguese to interact with students. Such findings may contribute to the body of language classroom research by unveiling the actions that involve moments when the teaching project is reshaped due to interactional contingencies and by proposing the construction of a language for talking about teaching practice. Likewise, they may be used in teacher education programs in order to promote reflection and support the creation of a sustainable repertoire of interactional teaching practices to be used principally by novice teachers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia Salgado Cordeiro dos Santos.pdf: 958585 bytes, checksum: 03d41520b3d505ad4f3c34110ea53cc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The research focus was understand the characteristics of family involvement in school, from the reforms introduced by assumpctions of autonomy and decentralization, this ideology of the reforms of the 1990s, the neoliberal context, and identify some curricula involved in the relationship with family school. Study subjects in this qualitative study were family members of students in a public school in the west of the city of Sao Paulo. To achieve the proposed objectives, we applied questionnaires to family members present at meetings of parents and teachers in classes in all grades of elementary school and analyzed the responses of parents of students in a class for each grade. Of these, six mothers and two fathers of students were interviewed. The analysis of data obtained indicated that the participation of families in the study does not promote an emphasis on the autonomy of school management and does not approach the families of the school curriculum, a term unfamiliar. The modes of participation of the family are more focused on the strategies they adopt to rid their children of urban risks, especially, violence and involvement with the delict / A pesquisa teve por foco compreender características da participação da família na escola, a partir das reformas que tiveram por pressupostos a autonomia e a descentralização, ideário presente nas reformas dos anos 1990, no contexto neoliberal, e identificar alguns aspectos curriculares envolvidos na relação da família com a escola. Os sujeitos pesquisados nesse estudo qualitativo foram os familiares de alunos de uma escola municipal na zona Oeste da cidade de São Paulo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, aplicamos questionários aos familiares presentes nas reuniões de pais e mestres de turmas de todas as séries do Ensino Fundamental e analisamos as respostas de pais de alunos de uma turma de cada série. Desses, seis mães e dois pais de alunos foram entrevistados. A análise do material obtido indicou que a participação das famílias analisadas não promove ênfase na autonomia da gestão escolar e não aproxima as famílias do currículo escolar, termo que desconhecem. Os modos de participação da família estão mais voltados às estratégias que adotam para livrar seus filhos dos riscos urbanos, sobretudo, da violência e envolvimento com o crime

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Twenty-nine entrepreneurial teams from central Ontario were examined in three aspects: the mechanisms by which they were formed and modified, their social structure and the complementarity of team members were identified: Husband-Wife, Family-related, Partnerings, and Short-term partnerings, each type showing distinctive characteristics in terms of venture creation and team formation. _________ Vingt-neuf équipes d'entrepreneurs du centre de l 'Ontario ont fait l'objet d'une étude sur trois aspects soit, les mécanismes qui ont contribué à leur formation et à leur évolution, leur structure sociale et la complémentarité des membres de l'équipe : mari-femme, membres d'une même famille. sociétés de personnes et participations à court terme, chaque type présentant des caractéristiques distinctes en termes de création d'entreprise et de formation d'équipe

Thèse--Sc. pol.--Genève, 1971. / Bibliogr. p. 251-264. Index.

La société holding est une réalité économique dont l’importance ne cesse d’augmenter. Plusieurs États offrent des régimes de faveurs fiscales pour attirer les holdings sur leurs territoires. Le système fiscal turc n’offre pas un tel «régime holding» mais il comporte plusieurs dispositions qui offrent certains avantages aux participations turques et étrangères. Une fiscalité avantageuse pour les holdings est intéressante pour un État dans la mesure où elle lui permet d’attirer les entreprises. Les dispositions fiscales peuvent rendre un territoire attractif et compétitif mais elles peuvent inciter une évasion fiscale à l’intérieur même du territoire. Le second risque engendré par le régime fiscal avantageux est l’établissement d’une concurrence fiscale déloyale. Les éléments clés d’une fiscalité idéale pour la société holding prennent en compte, d’une part la distribution des bénéfices de la holding, et d’autre part, les bénéfices provenant de ses propres participations, notamment les dividendes provenant de ses filiales et les plus-values de cession de ces participations. Par ailleurs, le régime fiscal holding doit être attractif et compétitif tout en restant compatible avec les principes reconnus du droit fiscal international. / The holding company is an economic reality whose importance is still increasing. Several countries offer tax benefits plans to attract holdings in their territories. The Turkish tax system does not offer such a "holding plan" but it contains several provisions that provide certain benefits to Turkish and foreign investments. Tax advantages for holding companies are important for the State to the extent that it attracts businesses and group companies. The tax provisions can make an attractive and competitive territory, yet they may increase tax evasion within the same territory. Another risk caused by the advantageous tax regime is harmful tax competition. The key elements of an ideal tax system of holding companies are about, first of all, the distribution of profits of the holding company and secondly, income from its own shares, including dividends from its subsidiaries and the capital gains disposal of their shares. Furthermore, the holding company tax system must be both competitive and attractive and at the same time it must be compatible with the principles acknowledged by international tax law.