Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEZCANO_Johana_2012.pdf: 2309738 bytes, checksum: 11df8e32f791d510c3d6c02634d5fccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / This dissertation aims to analyze the long-term economic growth of member countries of Mercosur, making use of the Keynesian approach to growth under external constraint. In this context, we seek to test, empirically, the validity of Thirlwall's Law, in traditional and extended formulations, to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, between 1980-2008. Were employed econometric techniques of cointegration, in order to measure the income and price elasticities of demand for imports of these economies, individually. Furthermore, statistical tests were used to compare estimates of product to actual data. Thus, we intend to provide a better understanding of the role of restrictions arising from the Balance of Payments, on the long-term trajectory of growth of nations of the bloc. The results indicate the validity of Thirlwall s Law, over the period analyzed, arguing that the growth of the economies in question was restricted by the balance of the external sector. / A presente dissertação visa analisar o crescimento econômico de longo prazo dos países membros do Mercosul, valendo-se da abordagem keynesiana de crescimento sob restrição externa. Nesse contexto, busca-se testar, empiricamente, a validade da Lei de Thirlwall, nas formulações tradicional e estendidas, para a Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai, entre 1980-2008. Para tal, foram empregadas técnicas econométricas de cointegração, com o intuito de mensurar as elasticidades-renda e preço da demanda por importações dessas economias, individualmente. Além disso, foram utilizados testes estatísticos para comparar estimativas de produto a dados reais. Desta maneira, pretende-se proporcionar um melhor entendimento do papel desempenhado pelas restrições decorrentes do Balanço de Pagamentos, sobre a trajetória de crescimento, de longo prazo, das nações do bloco. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a validade da Lei de Thirlwall, ao longo do período analisado, sustentando que o crescimento das economias em questão foi restrito pelo equilíbrio do setor externo.

Cette thèse explore les rôles rituels et sociaux des femmes au Tadjikistan et s’appuie sur seize mois d’enquête de terrain en zones urbaines et rurales. Deux fils conducteurs structurent l’analyse. Le premier porte sur la construction des féminités dans la société tadjike, tout particulièrement au regard du statut (acquis, perdu, reconquis) de femme mariée, extrêmement déterminant dans l’organisation des relations sociales. Le second interroge les rôles des femmes dans la reproduction familiale et sociale, tout particulièrement dans l’économie rituelle et matrimoniale. L’ensemble s’attache à montrer, au prisme des parcours matrimoniaux aujourd’hui extrêmement hachés des femmes, les négociations et adaptations de la société tadjike contemporaine aux bouleversements qu’elle a connus ces vingt dernières années : disparition de l’URSS, entrée dans l’économie de marché, la Guerre civile (1992-1997) et les migrations massives des hommes vers la Russie. Les enjeux ambivalents révélés par les mariages – étudiés comme performance, comme statut et comme relation – sont étudiés à deux niveaux : au niveau des femmes, pour qui le mariage constitue une ressource fondamentale autant qu’un carcan patriarcal ; et à celui des familles, pour qui le mariage est à la fois une obligation sociale et le lieu d’une contestation possible des hiérarchies en place. Située au croisement des études de genre, de parenté, d’économie rituelle et des recherches sur l’aire post-soviétique, cette thèse propose de saisir comment les transformations socioéconomiques récentes ont affecté les représentations et les relations de genre d’une part, et celles au sein de la famille, d’autre part. / This dissertation explores social and ritual roles of women in Tajikistan, based on a sixteen-month fieldwork conducted in both urban and rural areas. Two main threads structure the analysis. The first one addresses the construction of femininities in Tajik society, especially regarding their status (acquired, lost and conquered again) of “married woman” – which is extremely decisive for them to organize their social life. The second questions women’s roles in family and social reproduction, especially regarding ritual and matrimonial economy. Overall, this dissertation aims at showing that analyzing uneven and irregular women’s matrimonial itineraries reveals how negotiations and adaptations of Tajik society to ongoing transformations have been proceeding – following the upheavals this society has been going through: the breakdown of the USSR, the integration to market economy, the Civil war (1992-1997) and the wide migratory fluxes of men going to Russia. The ambiguous stakes contained in marriage – understood as a performance, a status and a relation – are analyzed at two levels: at the level of women, for whom marriage remains a crucial resource as much as a patriarchal constrain; and at the level of families, for whom marriage is both a social necessity and the opportunity to challenge former hierarchies. Located at the crossroad of gender studies, kinship, ritual economy and post-Soviet studies, this dissertation aims at understanding how recent socioeconomic transformations affect gender representations and relations, on the one hand, and those of family, on the other.

Esta dissertação analisa os motivos da implantação do novo sistema de pagamentos brasileiro, descreve os impactos percebidos junto à sociedade e avalia o atual estágio do projeto. Procura mostrar que não houve redução de risco sistêmico, como se pretendia, em função da implantação do novo sistema de pagamentos. Também evidencia que não houve redução de tarifas bancárias com a implantação do mesmo. Descreve que, em função da redução de custos financeiros percebidos com a utilização de avanços tecnológicos, os bancos passaram a apropriar-se dos ganhos em função da forma como foi elaborado o novo sistema, não foi possível identificar qualquer redução de preço nas tarifas bancárias em função de uma maior concorrência. / This dissertation analyzes the motives of the implementation of the new system of Brazilian payments, describes the impacts perceived into the society and evaluates the current stage of the project. The study showed that there was neither reduction of systemic risk nor banking fees after the implementation of the new system of payments. It describes that banks kept the earnings acquired from of the reduction of financial costs perceived with the utilization of technological advancements. The way the new system was setup prevented an identification of any reduction of banking tariffs because of increased market competition.

The diploma thesis "Innovation in Commerce" provides an analysis of the development and usage of up-to-day innovative technologies in trade sphere both in our country and abroad. It maps their forms and scope of usage in selected trade units, primarily focusing on modern payment instruments and self-service cash desks and, further on, also from the point of view of their development and usage in the nearest future. The thesis gives an independent solution of using up-to-date payment instruments and self-service cash desks depending on the customer´s age as well as payment forms (cash, non-cash) from z point of view of differences between "rural" and urban population. The thesis includes a proposal for the implementation of two arising up-to-date technologies - self-scanning and iBeacon technology in the Terno Supermarket in České Budějovce.

Submitted by Rodrigo Caparica (rodrigo.caparica@bancoprosper.com.br) on 2010-05-28T18:55:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vf.pdf: 421392 bytes, checksum: f5ace49be1acad54a2d1ca7afc9c2b0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza(vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2010-05-28T22:10:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vf.pdf: 421392 bytes, checksum: f5ace49be1acad54a2d1ca7afc9c2b0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-01T19:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vf.pdf: 421392 bytes, checksum: f5ace49be1acad54a2d1ca7afc9c2b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-12 / This paper is a survey of the literature on Sovereign Wealth Funds, highlighting topics such as their origins, objectives, impacts of their investments, transparency and performance of this government instruments in the recent global financial crisis. It also examines the creation of the Brazilian¥s Sovereign Wealth Fund seeking to highlight their pros and cons. We emphasize the need to observe consistent surpluses in the Current Account to justify the creation of these instruments. The mere existence of substantial amounts of international reserves does not serve as a prerogative for its creation. The sustainability and volatility of the sources of foreign exchange should be examined. Still, we emphasize that the Sovereign Wealth Funds are government investment vehicles which relevance in the financial market does not justify the fears that can cause relevant imbalances, despite the criticism and questions about the lack of transparency in disclosing information about their investments. / Este trabalho faz uma resenha da literatura sobre Fundos Soberanos, destacando tópicos como suas origens, objetivos, impactos de seus investimentos, transparência e atuação destes instrumentos governamentais na recente crise financeira global. Analisa ainda a criação do Fundo Soberano Brasileiro buscando ressaltar seus prós e contras. Ressaltamos a necessidade de se observar superávits consistentes em Conta Corrente no Balanço de Pagamentos para justificar a constituição destes instrumentos. A simples existência de elevados volumes de reservas internacionais não serve como prerrogativa para sua criação, devendo-se analisar a sustentabilidade e volatilidade das fontes das divisas. Ainda, destacamos que os Fundos Soberanos são veículos de investimentos governamentais cuja relevância no mercado financeiro não justifica os temores que possam causar desequilíbrios relevantes, apesar das críticas e questionamentos em relação à falta de transparência na divulgação de informações acerca de seus investimentos.

Despite the meaningful impact that credit ratings have on sovereign countries and financial markets, research has not fully explored the determinants of these ratings in many emerging markets (EMs). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the extent to which different macroeconomic factors impact sovereign ratings. Based on a review of the literature, an analysis of rating agencies' methodology papers, and economic intuition, it was hypothesised that measures of wealth, economic growth, monetary stability, fiscal trajectory, external accounts and governance would predict EM credit ratings. This hypothesis was largely supported by regression models that anticipated actual ratings with predictive power comparable to extant research, but across a much broader set of EM countries. By identifying the key drivers of these ratings, the current research suggests several areas that policymakers can address to improve their own sovereign ratings. / Economics / M. Com (Economics)

L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la définition de paiements incitatifs pour la conservation de la biodiversité d’un point de vue empirique et théorique. Dans ce travail, nous visons également à intégrer de façon pertinente les processus écologiques spatiaux et dynamiques inhérents à la biodiversité terrestre dans les modèles économiques que nous développons.Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous évaluons empiriquement la coût-efficacité des paiements pour contrats Natura 2000 mis en place en forêt en France par le biais d'une approche ex ante. Le caractère insuffisant de la définition de ces paiements et leur mauvaise calibration montre la nécessité de repenser la définition de ces dispositifs d’incitations. Dans le deuxième et troisième chapitre de cette thèse, nous étudions donc la définition de paiements incitatifs efficients et coût-efficaces de façon théorique et conceptuelle, tout en prenant en compte les principaux enjeux posés par la définition de paiements incitatifs pour la conservation de la biodiversité terrestre. Le chapitre 2, par le biais d'un modèle principal-agent à valeur commune, étudie la possibilité de définir des paiements incitatifs différenciés à destinations des propriétaires privés lorsque les coûts et bénéfices de conservation sont hétérogènes et inobservables pour l’agence de conservation. Ce chapitre s’intéresse donc à l’impact de l’asymétrie d’information -- en particulier du phénomène d’anti-sélection -- sur la définition des paiements. Dans le chapitre 3, nous nous intéressons principalement à l’impact du changement climatique sur la définition de paiements incitatifs coût-efficaces. Dans ce chapitre, nous développons un modèle écologique-économique intégré, dynamique et spatialement explicite, nous permettant d’étudier la coût-efficacité relative de différents types de design, impliquant différents degrés de ciblage et de différentiation des paiements de conservation. Le travail réalisé dans l'ensemble de cette thèse nous permet de formuler des recommandations concernant le ciblage et le design de paiements incitatifs pour la conservation de la biodiversité. / The objective of this thesis is to study the definition of incentive payments for biodiversity conservation from an empirical and theoretical perspective. In this work, we also aim to account, in a relevant way, for spatial and dynamic ecological processes inherent to terrestrial biodiversity in the economic models that we develop. In the first chapter of this thesis, we empirically assess the cost effectiveness of incentive payments for biodiversity conservation implemented in French forests, namely Natura 2000 contracts, by undertaking an ex ante approach. Our results underline the inadequacy of the current definition of payments for Natura 2000 contracts and their poor calibration. This calls for a rethinking of the definition of conservation incentives. In the second and third chapter of this thesis we leave the framework of Natura 2000 contracts. We study the definition of efficient and cost-effective incentive payments in a theoretical and conceptual way, while taking into account the main challenges posed by the definition of incentive payments for biodiversity conservation. Chapter 2 explores, through a principal-agent common-value model, the possibility of differentiating conservation payments for private landowners when both conservation costs and benefits are heterogeneous and unobservable to the conservation planner. This chapter focuses on the impact of asymmetric information - especially of adverse selection - on the definition of payments. In Chapter 3, we investigate the impact of climate change on the definition of cost-effective incentive payments. In this chapter, we develop an integrated, dynamic and spatially explicit ecological-economic model, and study the relative cost-effectiveness of various payment design options, involving different levels of targeting and differentiation of conservation payments. The work done throughout this thesis allows us to formulate recommendations regarding the targeting and design of incentive payments for biodiversity conservation.

The principle of effective demand states that given endogenous expenditure patterns, the level of exogenous expenditure determines the level of employment. If investment represents the sole form of exogenous expenditure, employment adjusts to the level of investment. If exogenous expenditure changes, equilibrium is restored via the equilibrating variable, employment. If employment is linked in a unique way to income, we have what is referred to as the income adjustment process. The income adjustment process is investigated in a closed and a small open economy (SOE) which imports consumption and capital goods. If a SOE imports its capital goods, the causal link between investment and employment is weakened. When capital goods are imported, investment adjusts to the balance of payments and animal spirits are constrained. Certain South African data are analysed within the framework of the income adjustment process. / M.A.(Economics)

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-08T18:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-05-08T18:59:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T18:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Ana Paula Soares da.pdf: 4539819 bytes, checksum: d7f0d7b1c19c16d8609533281da68c29 (MD5) / A pesquisa em tela buscou diagnosticar os contornos que delineiam a gestão estadual da unidade de conservação de uso sustentável APA Estadual Serra do Barbado, seu histórico, sua composição social, sua práxis, seus conceitos e sua influência nos conflitos socioambientais existentes, bem como no desenvolvimento econômico, justiça social e equilíbrio ambiental para o chamado Circuito do Ouro da Chapada Diamantina. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou os marcos referenciais legais, práticos e teóricos que respaldam a abordagem sobre a Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável em questão, seu histórico, suas funções e objetivos, a percepção dos stakeholders institucionais sociais e oficiais envolvidos com sua existência, seu funcionamento, seus limites, gargalos e desafios e a consonância entre o que está previsto e preconizado no conjunto de leis que regem este tipo de unidade de conservação e a gestão real. Além disso, contemplamos neste estudo um capítulo sobre a Residência Social cumprida durante o mestrado, no âmbito dos Parques Naturais de Portugal, sua proximidade e distanciamento político-administrativo, econômico e social à nossa realidade. Ao fim, do projeto buscamos apontar caminhos para que esta unidade de conservação possa encontrar a consolidação e representar algo dinâmico e exemplar para o território Circuito do Ouro, ecoando em sua população, através de proposição de políticas públicas aliadas à tecnologia e inovação social, tendo como foco o conceito de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais aplicáveis à agroecologia e ao ecoturismo. A proposta de intervenção ainda buscou ser uma solução reaplicável para outras UC de Uso Sustentável na Bahia e no Brasil, guardadas as devidas especificidades de cada uma. The research sought to diagnose screen contours that outline the state management of the protected area of sustainable use of the APA State Serra Barbados, its history, its social composition, its praxis, its concepts and its influence on existing environmental conflicts, as well as developing economic, social justice and environmental balance to the call of the Gold Chapada Diamantina Circuit. In this sense this study sought the legal, practical and theoretical benchmarks that support the approach on the conservation area of sustainable use in question, its history, its functions and objectives, the perception of social and official institutional stakeholders involved in its existence, its functioning, their limitations and bottlenecks and the line between what is expected and called the set of laws that govern this type of protected area management and real. Furthermore, this study contemplates a chapter on Social Housing fulfilled during the Masters, under the Natural Parks of Portugal, its proximity and political- administrative, economic and social distancing to our reality. At the end, the project sought to point out ways that this conservation unit to find the consolidation and represent something dynamic and exemplary for the Gold Circuit territory, echoing its population through proposition allied to technology and social innovation, public policy, and focus on the concept of Payments for Environmental Services applicable to agro-ecology and ecotourism. The proposed intervention also sought reaplicável be a solution for other UC Sustainable Use in Bahia and Brazil, kept into account the specificities of each.

This thesis is concerned with a very dynamic and, at the same time very topical, subject -, namely payment services. Nowadays most payments for goods and services are realised by means of cashless payments. The thesis defines several sections, or partial objectives. The main objective is the characteristic features of payment systems used in the Czech Republic , followed by the analysis of the contemporary payment transactions in the Czech Republic ? organisation. The partial objectives describing payment transactions in the European Union, evaluating payment instruments in practice emphasising topical trends in this area.