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Abstract Since the beginning of this new century, global steel industries have gone through dramatic change. From the researches we have observed, the following major changes have taken place. Number one, the¡¥death spiral¡¦in 2001 to the¡¥volcanic eruption¡¦in 2003; steel prices appeared as V shape fluctuations. Global steelmakers¡¦ raw materials, including iron ore, coking coal, hot-rolled band, pig iron and even steel scrap, prices are constantly on the rise; Survival Success Surprise was what many people in this business were saying. The second, reflecting this late-2001 pricing catastrophe, steel mills began to adopt new behavior patterns of rationalization¢wSmall is Beautiful ¡¥. In order to survive in some cases, and to win in others, the steelmakers: a) implemented more rapid production cutbacks once steel prices started to fall; b) closed marginal facilities and c) increased M&A activity.It suddenly became an international trend to merge and merge again;and the appearance of the Acelor Mittal giant steel company, people called this the Metal Mettle Mittal phenomenon. The third was that the Flying-geese Theory and steel industries began to spread across Asia, from Eastern Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, to Northern China, and to Southern India. Asia became the world¡¦s steel industry center. Just as the book,¡mChina Shakes the World: the Rise of a Hungry Nation¡ndescribes, China has became a ¡§magnetic field¡¨ in the global steel industry. China¡¦s steel production increased rapidly and caused supply to exceed demand. The fourth is that global steel industries are now ushered in the energetic resource constraints era, and not the capital constraints anymore. Upstream mine sources are monopolized, more than 70% of global mining sources are owned by three major companies. In the future, global crude steel manufacturing bases will leave the main steel consuming countries and settle down in countries that are rich in mine resources to produce steel. The fifth is identical with what¡mThe Age of Discontinuity¡npointed out. The beginning of a Sigmoid Curve includes Modern Imperatives, Market Smart, and Future Scenarios; the discontinuity of global steel industry and major changes are hard to predict. The demand, growth, and price change models are not the same anymore. However, perhaps there will be a stable New Continuum when discontinuity comes to an end. The local structure of steel industries is also going through dramatic change; it used to resemble a giraffe, now it looks like Steven Spielberg¡¦s ET! Local upstream cannot provide enough semi-product steel, imports of 7 to 8 million tons of semi-product steel manage to keep this in balance. Midstream steel industries, especially single rolling mills flourish. Yet the sizes of downstream processing industries are small with low added value. The demand is not enough to absorb the production of midstream mills, causing midstream steel rolling mills to rely on massive exports. A small head with a big body and skinny legs is like a giraffe, which is just the case in Taiwan¡¦s steel industry. Whenever local steel market is sluggish, the prices are subject to change. Taiwan¡¦s steel is mostly localized in the Asia area, while joining the WTO, internationalization, and globalization will only make competition worse than ever. The plans for a big steel mill in Yunlin and expansion of another large steel mill in Taichung will cause them to face local production surplus problems; the head has become larger than the body, just like ET. Asia¡¦s steel is mainly consumed by China, yet China is constantly increasing production capacity, causing the Taiwan steel material export and domestic market to shrink. If political factors are added into the mix, the market will become even harder to predict. The competition of steel mills in Taiwan faces with China, India, Japan, and Korea steel mills shall prove to be a very harsh test. They made NT $45.1 billion in 2003, NT $65 billion in 2004, NT $65.1 billion in 2005, NT $47.7 billion in 2006; estimates say they will make NT $60¡ã70 billion in 2007. At least one amount of capital can be made every two years in the Steel Mill C, causing them to have a global leading profitability. Their strategic management is something we should look upon and conduct research on; this also includes their learning and application of strategic planning, their sharing and exchanging of strategic execution experiences, and their innovation or revolution in visions or goals, etc. They are considered a capital and technology intensive industry, and with adequate management systems, they have become the role model of a sustainable competitive advantage and a perpetual operation and sustainable development. High-ranking finance personnel in the government point out that anybody can make money out of the Steel Mill C. Is that really so?! Our research reveals the sustainable competitive advantage of enterprises with high profit and low growth rates, we used the Steel Mill C as an example; the only integrated steel mill in Taiwan that makes everything on its own has a very high productivity that made it become one of the worlds most competitive steel mills. They constantly maintain high productivity with low costs. Thus, their core competence is actually their sustainable competitive advantage in long-term, and not their high market share. When an enterprise develops, it should focus on increasing its profit and growth at the same time; when the profit condition is better than growth, start focusing on growth (and vice versa). According to the World-Class Steelmakers¡¦ rankings by World Steel Dynamics, we find the mill is trying to be far away from a haze of low growth by expanding capacity. To come up with the following five internationalization strategy suggestions is that we give to our steel mill subject: 1. Construct competitive powers and strategies of growth with quantity and quality of production at the same time. 2. Maneuver to enter international markets.of low cost product and high growth boom 3. Focus on strategic products and valuable international product strategies. 4. Take control of multi-national vertical integral investment mineral related strategies. 5. Come up with the positioning strategies of a perpetual operation and sustainable development. within the global steel industry value chain. Have a vision, persist on fulfilling the core values, grasp hold of core abilities, construct a competitive edge, seize chances, actively plan beforehand, and take control of the future. Choose the right time, use the right tactics, and do the right things to survive and succeed as a going concern of world class steelmaker.

This thesis examines the role of shame and humiliation as root causes of violence. The author focuses on violent far-right and Islamist extremism, but in order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, even gang violence and criminality are investigated. Through an ethnographic approach with thick description, the thesis attempts to capture insights, experiences and knowledge in the form of personal narratives of a variety of people – police officers, youths, researchers, psychologists, ex-cons and social workers. The investigation explores shame and humiliation as pivotal factors for violent behaviour. The concept of retributive justice, prevalent in many prisons around the world and in popular understandings of morality, is shown to be counter-productive. This has far-reaching implications for both the penal system and approaches to preventing radicalisation. As an alternative, the author argues for an approach of fostering human dignity as the most effective strategy for the prevention of violence and radicalisation. Inspired by Immanuel Kant’s essay ”Perpetual Peace”, this is called the perpetual dignity approach.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa pretende investigar o projeto kantiano Para a paz perpÃtua a partir de seus pressupostos morais jurÃdicos e polÃticos Na concepÃÃo de Kant a paz perpÃtua à um ideal inatingÃvel mas os princÃpios fundamentais dirigidos à aproximaÃÃo desse ideal sÃo historicamente possÃveis Semelhante aos indivÃduos os Estados nas suas relaÃÃes recÃprocas devem adentrar numa condiÃÃo jurÃdica Problemas em torno da provisoriedade da propriedade da liberdade e da violÃncia nÃo serÃo resolvidos enquanto o direito nÃo for estabelecido tambÃm no nÃvel internacional e cosmopolita Para o filÃsofo de KÃnigsberg a constituiÃÃo de cada Estado deve ser republicana porque no republicanismo a decisÃo sobre a guerra à uma prerrogativa do cidadÃo O Estado republicano pensado por Kant nÃo pode forÃar os cidadÃos a entrar numa guerra Os cidadÃos optam pela paz porque nÃo querem perder sua vida liberdade seguranÃa propriedade e seus direitos No direito cosmopolita Kant critica os abusos dos Estados colonialistas e acentua a necessidade do respeito ao direito dos povos QuestÃes fundamentais que afetam as relaÃÃes internacionais contemporÃneas tais como tratados de paz esfera pÃblica exÃrcitos permanentes direito de intromissÃo cosmopolitismo e dentre outras direito dos povos serÃo tratadas nessa pesquisa Metodologicamente a pesquisa està dividida em duas partes uma concernente aos pressupostos do projeto kantiano para a paz perpÃtua e outra que investiga o prÃprio projeto em si a partir das temÃticas fundamentais que estÃo inseridas nos artigos preliminares nos artigos definitivos nos suplementos e apÃndices / This research aims to investigate the kantian project Toward Perpetual Peace from its moral juridical and political presuppositions In Kantâs conception peace is an ideal unattainable but the fundamental principles directed to the approximation this ideal are historically possible Similar to individuals States in their mutual relations should to enter into a juridical condition Problems about the transitoriness of property freedom and violence will not be resolved unless the law be established also on the international and cosmopolitan level For the philosopher of KÃnigsberg the constitution of each State must be republican because in the republicanism the decision on war is a prerogative of the citizens The Republican State thought by Kant can not force citizens go to war The citizens opt for peace because they donât want to lose their life liberty security property and their rights In cosmopolitan law Kant criticizes the abuses of colonialism and accentuates the need of the respect to the right of the peoples Questions that deal with contemporary international relations such as peace treaties sovereignty public sphere Standing Armies right of interference cosmopolitanism and among others law of peoples will be addressed in this research Methodologically the research is divided into two parts one concerning to presuppositions of the Kantian project to perpetual peace and another that investigates the project itself starting the fundamental themes that are inserted in the preliminary articles in the definitive articles in the supplements and appendices

The choice of pricing model for software products is a complex procedure due to the different characteristics compared to physical products. This thesis investigates and compares software pricing models in a B2B setting, and describes how KAM plays a role in executing a pricing model. The research has been conducted as an opportunist case study on Adebro, a technology company in the B2B sector. The thesis have come to the following conclusions, with data from interviews and literature: Perpetual license is, and will continue to be, an attractive pricing model for Adebro. However, a subscription-based usage independent pricing model is also attractive for the future. Implications of switching pricing model would be largest when changing between a perpetual and subscription model, where revenue will have the most visual impact. The most important task for KAM is to communicate the change to current and new customers. KAM and the pricing model must also be structured to support each other to be successful. The thesis contributes to science by providing research on pricing models for manufacturing related software. However, studies concerning the weighting of importance for different pricing parameters would be of interest for the future.

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« L'indépendance de la durée de vie d'un droit face à l'érosion qui touche inéluctablement un bien ou une valeur protégée », voilà quelle paraît être la définition la plus révélatrice des droits civils perpétuels en droit français contemporain. Cette dernière ressort d'une analyse au terme de laquelle il semble que le système normatif actuel est peu enclin à reconnaître des droits survivants à leurs titulaires. Pis, les instruments juridiques permettant de circonscrire leur domaine sont nombreux, à l'image du plus efficace d'entre eux : la prescription extinctive. Mais ces instruments restrictifs ne sont pas isolés. La nature même du droit peut porter en elle le germe de sa disparition. C'est alors que sont renversés de vieux préjugés. Les droits réels ne sont pas davantage voués à la perpétuité que ne le sont les droits de la personnalité. En outre, là où la prohibition devrait s'imposer aux droits personnels, certains s'en émancipent en fait. C'est alors que la perpétuité se dévoile dans trois droits civils en particulier : le droit de propriété, le droit moral de l'auteur et le droit au nom. Restreints dans leur nombre, ces droits sont cependant privilégiés dans leur régime. En effet, selon la qualité qu'ils revêtent, ils bénéficient de moyens de mise en œuvre et de protection supplémentaires, comme en témoignent la théorie des droits subjectifs ou la reconnaissance de droits fondamentaux. Selon qu'ils sont interprétés comme les premiers ou les seconds, ou voire même les deux simultanément, leur justiciabilité est clairement renforcée / « The independence of the life span of a right confronted to the erosion which unavoidably affects a belonging or a protected value », here is which seems to be the most revealing definition of perpetual civil rights in contemporary French Law. This definition springs from an analysis which leads us to think that today's normative system is reluctant to admit surviving rights to their holders. Even worse, there are numerous legal instruments which can be used to restrain their fields of activity, like the most efficient of all: negative prescription. However these restrictive instruments are not isolated. The very nature of a right can carry in itself the germ of its own disappearance. This is on these occasions that old prejudices are knocked over. Real rights are not more dedicated to perpetuity than individual rights. Moreover, if prohibition should be imposed on personal rights, in fact some of them manage to do without it. This is when perpetuity appears in three civil rights in particular: the right to property, the author's moral right and the right to the name. Limited in their numbers, these rights however are privileged in their schemes. Indeed, depending on their quality, they benefit from supplementary means of implementation and protection as the theory of subjective rights or the recognition of fundamental rights testify. Whether they are read as the former or the latter or even both simultaneously, their justiciability is clearly reinforced. However the conclusion of the study may be disappointing as, to tell the truth, perpetual rights are sometimes the victims of real incursions on behalf of the lawmaker or the co contracting party

Notre travail comprend trois parties. La première analyse et présente les constructions géopolitiques remarquables qui ponctuent la dynamique des métamorphoses géopolitiques de l’Europe à partir de 1945 sous leurs aspects socio-géopolitiques. Du TCECA au Traité de Lisbonne en passant par le TCEE et le TUE, l’UE ne parvient pas toujours à se hisser au niveau d’une politie européenne intégrale. Les barrières mythiques ne ce cessent de gangréner son cheminement.Avec la seconde partie nous établissons la courbe infinitésimale représentative des nouvelles mutations géopolitiques de l’Europe qui montre jusqu’où les barrières mythiques empêchent l’UE à bondir au-delà de l’asymptote de paix perpétuelle. Avec les catastrophes élémentaires, de la collision des attracteurs géopolitiques et des réseaux sociaux, il ressort que le flux de l’âme européenne qui, une fois, bien structurée pourrait apporter à L’Europe beaucoup plus de cohésion et de cohérence nécessaires pour franchir les barrières mythiques.Dans la troisième partie, avec l’échelle des puissances géopolitiques internationales, nous trouvons que l’UE ne constitue qu’une puissance M+. Partant, nous proposons les attributs nécessaires pour faire muer l’UE, d’une puissance M+, en une politie européenne intégrale, puissance géopolitique internationale intelligente et positive. / Our work falls into three parts. The first part analyzes and presents the remarkable geopolitical constructions which punctuate the dynamic of European geopolitical metamorphosis since 1945. Since T ESCS to the Treaty of Lisbon via the TEEC and the TEU, the EU doesn’t always manage to heave up level of a European integral politie. It is situated somewhere between the trans-politie and the politie. The mythic fences do not stop to gangrene it path. With the second part, we establish the representative infinitesimal curb of that new process of European geopolitical mutations which demonstrate how far the mythic fences stop the EU to bond beyond the asymptote of perpetual peace. With the elementary catastrophes, since the collision of geopolitical attractors and social networks, it emerge the flux of European soul which once well structured should bring to Europe much more coherence and cohesion necessary to cross the mythic barriers.In the third part, with the scale of international geopolitical powers, we see the EU as only an M+ power. Consequently, we propose the necessary attributes so that EU can change from M+ into an integral European politie as an international geopolitical power, clever and positive.

O presente trabalho argumenta, primordialmente, que a Organização das Nações Unidas e, antes dela, a Liga das Nações seriam traduções, na prática, de ideias modernas para a construção da paz. Na tradição do pensamento ocidental em que essas ideias se inscrevem, destacam-se o sistema da teoria da paz no pensamento kantiano, sobretudo, as ideias reunidas no projeto de paz perpétua de Kant. O trabalho se assenta sobre o pressuposto de que há uma correlação do projeto desenvolvido por Kant e o direito internacional contemporâneo, da qual seriam mostras as Organizações Internacionais. Já por força desse pressuposto, o seu tema seria relevante por estar inscrito na gênese do direito internacional. / This dissertation argues, basically, that the UN and the League of Nations, before it, translate into practice modern ideas to the construction of peace. In the tradition of the modern thought, in which these ideas are inscribed, it highlights the Kantian system of the theory of peace, above all, the ideas collected in the project of perpetual peace of Kant. The dissertation presupposes that there is a correlation between the project elaborated by Kant and contemporary international law, of whom the international organizations would be clear signs. Already by force of this understanding, its theme would be inscribed in the genesis of international law.