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Is peacebuilding a phase? – Analyzing the peacebuilding in El Salvador 30 years after the civil warOlsson, Gabriella January 2022 (has links)
Even if the messiness of peacebuilding has been recognized for some time, peacebuilding has still been viewed as quite linear, meaning there’s a transition from war to peace and that peacebuilding is a phase. Recently, other voices have been raised claiming we need a paradigm shift and to stop seeing peacebuilding as linear and instead see it as a never-ending constantly adapting practice. The question then arises, if it is possible to distinguish that peacebuilding connected to a specific conflict ends at some point and if society adapts to conduct peacebuilding for new tensions within society. That is what this thesis aims to find out, and it does so by mapping the activities of the civil society in a post-conflict country, as civil society constitutes an excellent indicator of what kind of peacebuilding is being done. The case studied is El Salvador, which ended a 12-year-long civil war with a peace agreement in 1992. The activities are mapped with the help of a framework for analyzing civil society peacebuilding. The study concludes that much of the peacebuilding activities connected to the civil war seem to have ended, except for when it comes to the rights of people who became disabled by the civil war, as well as trauma treatment activities addressing trauma from the civil war. Civil society also shows certain adaptation to the gang violence, by addressing it with trauma treatment activities and activities aiming at building a culture of peace.
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Les Minimes et la province d'Aquitaine sous l'Ancien Régime : un cadre provincial pour un engagement intellectuel ? / The Minims and the province of Aquitaine under the old regim : a provincial frame for an intellectual commitment ?Malabirade, Valérie 25 June 2013 (has links)
Au 15ème siècle, saint François de Paule est le créateur d’un Ordre très original, l’austérité de la règle, le quatrième vœu de vie quadragésimale et l’humilité religieuse distinguent nettement ces nouveaux venus des congrégations régulières traditionnelles. Pour le saint Calabrais la réforme est essentielle : elle prend la forme d'un renouveau, un retour aux sources et à la stricte observance à la manière d’autres réguliers de l’époque, versés dans le rigorisme pénitentiel.Le mouvement est organisé en provinces à la mort de saint François de Paule, elles constituent l'aire géographique de l’Ordre par excellence, les réguliers étant indépendants des diocèses. Constituée de quinze couvents, la province d'Aquitaine est l'une des plus étendue de l'Ordre, elle dépasse ainsi largement les frontières traditionnelles du Sud-Ouest. Il s'agit donc de démontrer les spécificités de cet Ordre en France à travers une aire géographique novatrice, la province. Ce cadre est ainsi idéal pour étudier l'Ordre, son organisation, son évolution et son engagement intellectuel. Entre la première fondation en Aquitaine, en 1503 et la Révolution, qui sonne la disparition de l'Ordre en France, les Minimes sont confrontés à de nombreux changements sociaux et intellectuels. Il s'agit ici de définir le cadre provincial et de déterminer la réalité de l'évolution d'un Ordre érémitique vers un Ordre scientifique où des figures se détachent au 17ème siècle, tels Emmanuel Maignan et Charles Plumier.Ce travail répond à la relative méconnaissance de l’Ordre des Minimes en France et plus précisément dans le Sud-Ouest où aucune étude d’ensemble n’a été menée, ni sur les Minimes, ni plus généralement sur les réguliers. / In 15th century, saint François de Paule is the creator of a very original Order, the austerity of the rule, the fourth wish of quadragesimal life and the religious humility distinguish sharply these newcomers of the traditional regular congregations. For François the reform is essential: he takes the shape of a revival, a return to basics and in the strict observance in the style of other regular of period.The movement is organized in provinces in saint François's death, they constitute the geographical area of the Order par excellence, the regular being independent from dioceses. Established by fifteen convents, the province of Aquitaine is one of the most sprea by the Order, it exceeds so widely the traditional borders of the Southwest.It is thus a question of demonstrating specificity of this Order in France through an innovative geographical area, the province. This context is so ideal to study the Order, his organization, its evolution and its intellectual commitment. Between the first foundation in Aquitaine, in 1503 and the Revolution, which sounds the disappearance of the Order in France, the Minims are confronted with numerous social and intellectual changes. It is a question here of defining the provincial context and to determine the reality of the evolution of a monastic Order towards a scientific Order where figures get loose in 17th century, such Emmanuel Maignan and Charles Plumier.This work answers the misunderstanding of the order of the Minims in France and more exactly in the Southwest where no study was led, either on the Minims, or more generally on the regular.
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Liturgia e piedade popular: a relação entre Liturgia e a Novena a Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro na Diocese de Tocantinópolis / Liturgy and popular piety: relationship between Liturgy and the Novena to Our Lady of Perpetual Help in the Diocese of TocantinópolisSilva, Genival Lima da 18 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / "Relations between Liturgy and Popular Piety are old. Therefore, we must first and foremost arecognition although fast, of how such relationships were experienced over the centuries. There willcome, in many cases, inspiration and suggestions to address the issues raised in our time "(DPPL p. 31). From this finding is that we had the initiative for the preparation of this work on Liturgy and PopularPiety establishing the relationship between liturgy and the Novena to Our Lady of Perpetual Help inTocantinópolis Diocese. So remember that, "During the rite does not create social positions or leadingroles. When all play their roles with humility and competence, then the liturgy will be a true meeting ofsalvation "(Costa, Valeriano dos Santos theological notions of liturgy St. Paul: Editora Ave Maria, 2012, p.7). This dissertation aims to deepen on this issue and suggest avenues for a balance in the novenacelebrations and mass, through theological research and experiences with the Novena to Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Tocantinópolis Diocese. It is certainly an experience that happens in other regions of Brazil and other countries, but particularly want to develop this work in Tocantinópolis Diocese. The theoretical framework will help us in the proposed work by questioning: lack of depth and balance in the liturgical celebrations and the novena to Our Lady of Perpetual Help in some ordainedministers and lay in Tocantinópolis Diocese, as well as the progress in historical knowledge andtheological the two realities: Liturgy and Popular Piety, closely linked and different at the same time andthat have aroused interest by a number of scholars of liturgical theology, researchers of folk expressionsof popular piety, liturgists, anthropologists and also lay leaders who are engaged in liturgical celebrations and other pastoral activities in the Church. To illustrate this theoretical framework, we willhave as main base, the Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy with the help of course of severalresearchers of liturgical science and popular piety. Finally, we present perspectives for liturgical ministryin the Diocese of Tocantinópolis / As relações entre Liturgia e Piedade Popular são antigas. Portanto, é preciso antes de tudo um reconhecimento embora rápido, do modo como tais relações foram vivenciadas ao longo dos séculos. Daí provirão, em muitos casos, inspiração e sugestões para responder as questões suscitadas em nosso tempo (DPPL p. 31). A partir desta constatação é que tivemos a iniciativa para a elaboração desta dissertação sobre Liturgia e Piedade Popular estabelecendo a relação entre Liturgia e a Novena a Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro na Diocese de Tocantinópolis. Por isso, vale lembrar que, Durante o rito não se criam posições sociais nem papéis de destaque. Quando todos desempenham suas funções com humildade e competência, então a liturgia será um verdadeiro encontro de salvação (Costa, Valeriano dos Santos. Noções teológicas de liturgia. São Paulo: Editora Ave Maria, 2012, p.7).
A presente dissertação objetiva aprofundar sobre este tema e sugerir pistas para um equilíbrio nas celebrações de novena e a missa, por meio de pesquisas teológicas e das experiências com a Novena a Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro na Diocese de Tocantinópolis. Certamente é uma experiência que acontece em outras regiões do Brasil e de outros países, mas, particularmente queremos desenvolver este trabalho na Diocese de Tocantinópolis.
O referencial teórico nos ajudará na proposta de trabalhar mediante a problematização: falta de aprofundamento e equilíbrio nas celebrações litúrgicas e a novena a Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro em alguns ministros ordenados e leigos na Diocese de Tocantinópolis, como também o avanço no conhecimento histórico e teológico das duas realidades: Liturgia e Piedade Popular, intimamente ligadas e distintas ao mesmo tempo, e que têm despertado interesses por parte de um considerável número de estudiosos da teologia litúrgica, pesquisadores das expressões folclóricas, da piedade popular, liturgistas, antropólogos e também lideranças leigas que estão engajadas nas celebrações litúrgicas e outras atividades pastorais na Igreja. Para ilustrar este referencial teórico, teremos como base principal, o Diretório sobre Piedade Popular e Liturgia com a colaboração, claro, de vários pesquisadores da ciência litúrgica e a piedade popular. Por fim, apresentaremos perspectivas para a pastoral litúrgica na Diocese de Tocantinópolis
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Kant et L'Afrique. sur le projet de paix perpétuelle : contribution a la problématique irénologique en terre Africaine (kant and Africa. Upon the perpetual peace project. A contribution to the irenelogic issue on the African soil) / Kant and Africa. On the project of perpetual peace : contribution to the irenological problematic in African soil (kant and Africa. On the perpetual peace project. A contribution to the Irenelogic issue on the African soil)Kalule, Michel Kabunga 06 1900 (has links)
Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. Philosophy
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Números naturais parciais / Partial natural numbersEscardo, Martin Hotzel January 1993 (has links)
Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.
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A delimitação das cláusulas pétreas tributárias e financeiras na Constituição de 1988 / Entrenchment clauses of brazilian constitution in tax lawGustavo da Gama Vital de Oliveira 27 March 2012 (has links)
Marinha do Brasil / O texto constitucional brasileiro de 1988 sofreu diversas alterações em matéria tributária e financeira. Praticamente todas as emendas constitucionais tiveram sua constitucionalidade questionada em razão de alegadas violações aos limites materiais do poder de reforma constitucional. O presente trabalho procura delinear alguns parâmetros para a construção de contornos mais precisos dos limites do poder de reforma constitucional em matéria tributária e financeira. A delimitação de tais parâmetros de reforma, além de contribuir para o exercício da jurisdição constitucional na análise da constitucionalidade das emendas constitucionais, permite que sejam mais bem delineadas quais as decisões fundamentais que a Constituição adotou na seara financeira e tributária, relacionadas ao federalismo, aos direitos fundamentais e à separação de poderes. / This study aims to analyze the constitutional amendments and to examine the limitations to which they are submitted in tax and public finance law. Constitutional changes are necessary as means of preservation and conservation of the Constitution. Constitutional norms are not to be considered perfect but are yet in a constant state of mutual interaction with reality. The obtained results with the research enables us to evaluate the limitations that are imposed to constitutional amendments, the binding orders of the Constitutional Court, the prohibition of abolition of perpetual clauses, as the prohibition retreating to fundamental rights, federalism and separation of powers.
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Calibration, Optimality and Financial MathematicsLu, Bing January 2013 (has links)
This thesis consists of a summary and five papers, dealing with financial applications of optimal stopping, optimal control and volatility. In Paper I, we present a method to recover a time-independent piecewise constant volatility from a finite set of perpetual American put option prices. In Paper II, we study the optimal liquidation problem under the assumption that the asset price follows a geometric Brownian motion with unknown drift, which takes one of two given values. The optimal strategy is to liquidate the first time the asset price falls below a monotonically increasing, continuous time-dependent boundary. In Paper III, we investigate the optimal liquidation problem under the assumption that the asset price follows a jump-diffusion with unknown intensity, which takes one of two given values. The best liquidation strategy is to sell the asset the first time the jump process falls below or goes above a monotone time-dependent boundary. Paper IV treats the optimal dividend problem in a model allowing for positive jumps of the underlying firm value. The optimal dividend strategy is of barrier type, i.e. to pay out all surplus above a certain level as dividends, and then pay nothing as long as the firm value is below this level. Finally, in Paper V it is shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for the explosion of implied volatility near expiry in exponential Lévy models is the existence of jumps towards the strike price in the underlying process.
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Números naturais parciais / Partial natural numbersEscardo, Martin Hotzel January 1993 (has links)
Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.
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Números naturais parciais / Partial natural numbersEscardo, Martin Hotzel January 1993 (has links)
Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.
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[en] NOVATION: HOW THE SAME CHANGE INTO THE OTHER?: REPRESENTATION AND DIFFERENCE IN THOUGHT OF GILLES DELEUZE / [fr] NOUVELLETION: COMME LE MÊME IL DEVIENT UN AUTRE?: REPRÉSENTATION ET DIFFÉRENCE DANS LA PENSÉE DE GILLES DELEUZE / [pt] NOVAÇÃO: COMO O MESMO SE TORNA OUTRO?: REPRESENTAÇÃO E DIFERENÇA NO PENSAMENTO DE GILLES DELEUZEAUGUSTO MOREIRA DE CARVALHO JUNIOR 13 July 2017 (has links)
[pt] A diferença enquanto submetida às amarras do senso comum (identidade, semelhança, oposição e analogia), ou seja, mediada pela inteligência, opera a síntese da representação e, portanto, entra em um ciclo de repetições e recognições inescapáveis do qual apenas um movimento radical, abrupto, aberrante, imediato tem força para romper. De certo modo as filosofias de Husserl, Bergson, Heidegger, entre outros, buscava esse limiar – momento anterior à mediação consciente de uma percepção dada. Bem como a de Nietzsche que vinculava toda mediação a um modelo moral constituído. Desse modo, buscar o outro, como concepção do que se diferencia do mesmo, requer uma recusa às quatro instâncias da mediação sobre a diferença, à custa da impossibilidade ao novo. / [en] Difference, when subjected to the bonds of common sense (identity, likeness, opposition and analogy), that is, mediated by intelligence, operates the synthesis of representation and therefore enters into a cycle of inescapable repetitions and recognitions of which only a radical movement , Abrupt, aberrant, immediate has the strength to break. In a way, the philosophies of Husserl, Bergson, Heidegger, among others, sought this threshold - a moment prior to the conscious mediation of a given perception. As well as that of Nietzsche who linked all mediation to a constituted moral model. In this way, seeking the other, as a conception of what differentiates itself from the same, requires a refusal of the four instances of mediation over difference, at the expense of impossibility to the new. / [fr] La différence tout en étant soumis aux contraintes du sens commun (identité, similarité, opposition et analogie), à savoir, la médiation par l intelligence, opère la synthèse de la représentation et donc entre dans un cycle de répétitions et recognitions inéluctable dont seulement un mouvement radical , abrupte, aberrante, immédiat Il a la force de rompre. D une certaine manière les philosophies de Husserl, Bergson, Heidegger, entre autres, cherchais ce seuil - temps précédent à médiation consciente d une perception donnée. Ainsi que celle de Nietzsche qui liait toute médiation à un modèle moral constitué. Ainsi, chercher un autre, comme la conception de ce qui différencie le même, exige un refus à quatre instances de médiation sur la différence au détriment de l impossibilité de nouvelle si pas le cas nous agissons.
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