Au-delà de la littérature édifiante ou critique des XVIème, XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles, l’image mentale des religieuses bénédictines et cisterciennes passe aussi par la production et la diffusion de représentations iconographiques via de nombreux supports. L’étude menée sur ce media visuel a permis de rassembler un corpus de 1160 références regroupées en une base de données exploitable. Son analyse se développe autour de l’affirmation de l’importance du témoignage historique et documentaire de l’iconographie pour la connaissance des modes de vie et de pensées de ces moniales. Le traitement typologique du contexte de production, des commanditaires et destinataires des œuvres définit les enjeux et objectifs de ces représentations. L’iconographie présente toutes les caractéristiques spirituelles et temporelles de la vie monastique féminine avec les différentes problématiques qui font l’actualité du monde régulier post-tridentin. L’étude se penche aussi sur la représentation des grandes figures fondatrices du monachisme féminin, comme sainte Scholastique, les saintes fondatrices d’abbayes médiévales et les fondatrices modernes de congrégations nouvelles. L’iconographie donne à voir un monde monastique féminin puissant et émancipé avec l’évocation de la sainteté féminine et de son lien privilégié à Dieu. Les portraits de supérieures et de religieuses sont des témoins directs d’un pouvoir temporel et spirituel similaire à celui de leurs confrères moines. L’image de la bénédictine et de la cistercienne à l’époque moderne se révèle orientée et biaisée, utilisée à des fins de propagande, mais les religieuses en tirent toujours le meilleur parti pour conforter leur légitimité. / Beyond uplifting or critical literature of 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, the mental image of the Cistercian and Benedictine nuns also involves the production and dissemination of iconographic representations via a variety of media. The study on the visual media brought together a corpus of 1160 references grouped into a usable database. His analysis develops around the affirmation of the importance of the historical and documentary witness of the iconography for the knowledge of the modes of life and thoughts of these nuns. The typological treatment of the context of production, sponsors and recipients of art works defines the stakes and objectives of these representations. Iconography features all the spiritual and temporal of feminine monastic life with the various problems which make the topicality of the post-Tridentine regular world. The study also focuses on the representation of the great founding figures of female monasticism as Saint Scholastica, the Holy founders of medieval abbeys and the modern founders of new congregations. The iconography shows a powerful and emancipated female monastic world with the evocation of feminine Holiness and his relationship to God. Superior and religious portraits are direct witnesses of their temporal and spiritual power similar to that of their fellow monks. The image of the Cistercian and benedictine in modern times turns oriented and biased, used for purposes of propaganda, but the nuns always get the best of that to reinforce their legitimacy.

Le diocèse de Toulouse, situé à cheval sur le Languedoc et le Gascogne, a subi d’importantes destructions durant les guerres de Religion. Un tiers des édifices religieux ont été détruits en 1596. Inséré dans une région où les protestants ont conquis de nombreuses villes, les Toulousains se sentent littéralement assiégés par le protestantisme, et cette appréhension renforce les ressorts d’une politique religieuse menée par l’archevêque, le puissant parlement de Toulouse et les laïcs. La Réforme catholique débute en 1590, au moment du concile provincial sous l’impulsion du cardinal de Joyeuse (1588-1605). Celui-ci, fortement empreint des idées borroméennes, en pose les cadres durables. Une visite systématique du diocèse est menée, des institutions nouvelles sont mises en place et les fondements du concile de Trente sont publiés par le biais des canons du concile provincial. Ses successeurs, malgré les longues périodes devacance du siège archiépiscopal, poursuivent la politique menée. On observe alors, grâce aux conférences ecclésiastiques notamment, un glissement des institutions, mises au service d’une meilleure connaissance des réalités religieuses et de la réforme des prêtres et des fidèles. Une campagne importante de reconstructions débute aussi de manière assez précoce dans le diocèse et constitue une des réussites les plus remarquables de la Réforme catholique,néanmoins avec une chronologie différenciée. Il en est de même pour la réforme des prêtres, dont nous étudierons les nombreux ressorts. La Réforme catholique implique de nombreux acteurs. Leur multiplicité est liée à la structure sociale de la ville de Toulouse, ville parlementaire par excellence. La politique religieuse connaît alors une articulation constante entre la Réforme catholique, comme réforme in capito et in membris et la Contre-Réforme, c’est-à-dire la volonté d’éradiquer toute présence du protestantisme. Cette politique, menée bien au-delà du cadre administratif du diocèse, constitue une grande réussite de la fin du XVIIe siècle. / The diocese of Toulouse, located in Languedoc and Gascony, suffered significant destruction during the Wars of Religion. One-third of the religious buildings were destroyed in 1596. Inserted in a region where protestants conquered many cities, the Tolosans felt literally besieged by Protestantism, and this anxiety helped to strenghten the religious policy, conducted by the archbishop, the powerful Parliament of Toulouse or the laymen. The Catholic Reformation began in 1590, with the Cardinal de Joyeuse (1588-1605) and his provincial Council. He was strongly influenced by Borromean ideas, and he imposed the Reformation sustainable frameworks. A visit of the diocese was conducted, new institutions were created, and the foundations of the Council of Trent were published through the canons of the provincial Council. His successors, espite long periods of vacancy of the archiepiscopal seat, continued this policy. Through ecclesiastical conferences, we can observe a mutation of the institutions, a better knowledge of religious realities and an important reform of the priests and the faithful. A significant campaign of reconstruction was also started quite early, and became one of the most remarkable successes of the Catholic Reformation. Nevertheless, the chronology is differentiated. We will also study many aspectsof the reform of the clergy. The Catholic Reformation involved many actors. Their diversity was related to the social structure of the city of Toulouse, parliamentary city par excellence. The religious policy was then a constant articulation between the Catholic Reformation as a reform in capito and in membris and the Counter-Reformation, that is to say the eradication of any Protestant. This policy, which was carried out well beyond the geographical boundaries of the diocese, was a success at the end of the 17th century.

Esta tese analisa o trabalho pastoral e a participação política parlamentar do arcebispo da Bahia, D. Romualdo Antônio de Seixas (1787-1860). Liderança entre os bispos do Movimento da Reforma Católica no Brasil, o arcebispo destacou-se, na Igreja e no âmbito legislativo, por posições políticas inovadoras ao colocar-se contra o tráfico negreiro e o sistema escravista. Seus conhecimentos sobre a Amazônia também o distinguiram por defender políticas públicas distintas para os índios e a região. Notabilizou-se, no Brasil, por sua importância eclesiástica e política, o que o levou a ocupar cargos importantes tanto aqui como internacionalmente, sendo agraciado com várias distinções pela sua relevância cultural. A hipótese central da tese está em verificar, na obra restauradora no Brasil enquanto adequação do catolicismo brasileiro aos ditames de Roma e em oposição ao avanço das ideias liberais, traços de uma vanguarda católica europeia definida no catolicismo social. O trabalho organiza-se na linha de pesquisa Política e Cultura por considerar as forças religiosas como parte do tecido político, investigando as relações íntimas entre religião e política no Império brasileiro. Nossa contribuição reside, portanto, em situar a força do poder religioso por meio da História Política. Entendemos como importantes o trabalho e a personalidade de D. Romualdo Seixas por evidenciarem uma perspectiva católica de reformismo social. / This thesis analyzes the pastoral work and parliamentary political participation of the Archbishop of Bahia, D. RomualdoAntônio de Seixas (1787-1860). A leader between bishops of the Catholic Reform Movement in Brazil, the archbishop stood out, at church and the legislative sphere, for his innovative political positioning in putting himself against the slave trade and slavery system. His knowledge on the Amazon was also a distinguishing trait for he defended several public policies that favored Indians and the surrounding region. He became a notable figure, in Brazil, for his ecclesiastical and political importance, which led him to occupy important positions both locally and internationally, being graced with multiple accolades for his cultural relevance. The central hypothesis of this thesis is to verify in the restorative piece in Brazil while the adequation of Brazilian Catholicism to the dictates of Rome and in opposition to the advancement of liberal ideas, traces of a catholic-European vanguard defined as Social Catholicism. The work is organizated through Political and Culture line of research for to consider the religious forces as part of the political fabric, investigating the intimate relationships between religion and politics in the Brazilian Empire. Our contribution resides, therefore, in situating the force of religious power throughout Political History. We extend as important the work and personality of D. RomualdoSeixas for the evidencing of a catholic perspective of social reformism.

Esta tese analisa o trabalho pastoral e a participação política parlamentar do arcebispo da Bahia, D. Romualdo Antônio de Seixas (1787-1860). Liderança entre os bispos do Movimento da Reforma Católica no Brasil, o arcebispo destacou-se, na Igreja e no âmbito legislativo, por posições políticas inovadoras ao colocar-se contra o tráfico negreiro e o sistema escravista. Seus conhecimentos sobre a Amazônia também o distinguiram por defender políticas públicas distintas para os índios e a região. Notabilizou-se, no Brasil, por sua importância eclesiástica e política, o que o levou a ocupar cargos importantes tanto aqui como internacionalmente, sendo agraciado com várias distinções pela sua relevância cultural. A hipótese central da tese está em verificar, na obra restauradora no Brasil enquanto adequação do catolicismo brasileiro aos ditames de Roma e em oposição ao avanço das ideias liberais, traços de uma vanguarda católica europeia definida no catolicismo social. O trabalho organiza-se na linha de pesquisa Política e Cultura por considerar as forças religiosas como parte do tecido político, investigando as relações íntimas entre religião e política no Império brasileiro. Nossa contribuição reside, portanto, em situar a força do poder religioso por meio da História Política. Entendemos como importantes o trabalho e a personalidade de D. Romualdo Seixas por evidenciarem uma perspectiva católica de reformismo social. / This thesis analyzes the pastoral work and parliamentary political participation of the Archbishop of Bahia, D. RomualdoAntônio de Seixas (1787-1860). A leader between bishops of the Catholic Reform Movement in Brazil, the archbishop stood out, at church and the legislative sphere, for his innovative political positioning in putting himself against the slave trade and slavery system. His knowledge on the Amazon was also a distinguishing trait for he defended several public policies that favored Indians and the surrounding region. He became a notable figure, in Brazil, for his ecclesiastical and political importance, which led him to occupy important positions both locally and internationally, being graced with multiple accolades for his cultural relevance. The central hypothesis of this thesis is to verify in the restorative piece in Brazil while the adequation of Brazilian Catholicism to the dictates of Rome and in opposition to the advancement of liberal ideas, traces of a catholic-European vanguard defined as Social Catholicism. The work is organizated through Political and Culture line of research for to consider the religious forces as part of the political fabric, investigating the intimate relationships between religion and politics in the Brazilian Empire. Our contribution resides, therefore, in situating the force of religious power throughout Political History. We extend as important the work and personality of D. RomualdoSeixas for the evidencing of a catholic perspective of social reformism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao James.pdf: 1080825 bytes, checksum: be2ad38da78b9af47445135cfb0b5925 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / This study is in the line of research State and Educational Management. It analyzed the impacts of economic transformations and their impact on educational guidelines implemented in 1990, in the sense to adapt the educational structure demands from big capital. In trying to understand the part, I mean, the expressions of neoliberalism in education policy in the State of Maranhão in the period 1995 to 2002, total, initially characterized the State, politics, Crises of Capital, the reform of the State, the Catholic Reform and its consequences within national educational and local. We discuss about the economic and political biases in Maranhão to perceive the presence of the multiple determinants of macro policy in the administrative structure of Maranhão and forwards provided on basic educational policy. The Organization of this research took in historical-critical approach, since the reality is contradictory and multifaceted and this poll has the fundamental interest of bringing the most studied reality. Accordingly, while methodological procedure made sure the use of documentary and bibliographic research, through field more or less structured interview. In bibliographic search worked with several authors, among which we highlight: Marx (1983), Coggiola (2009), Lenin (2010), Kosík (1976), Frigotto (1999), Mészáros (2005), Shiroma (2007), Silva (2001) and Luz Junior (2009). Showed that in the design of the subject of the search, there was an intense process of precarization teaching and teaching work in public school education, I mean, in infrastructure and working, in the form of temporary teachers ' contracts, wage conditions of temporary teachers. It was noted that the understanding of the subject of research in the foreground by the hand of Government was the great leap of quality in basic education of Maranhão by the subject of the research leaders and researchers perceive antagonistically analysis existed educational policy as a mechanism of permanence and deepening insecurity teaching and teaching work, because the main goal was to the quantitative aspect of registrations and the generation of school flow that would immediately on loans the Federal Government and world organisms. / Este estudo situa-se na linha de pesquisa Estado e Gestão Educacional. Nele analisamos os impactos das transformações econômicas e suas repercussões sobre as diretrizes educacionais implementadas nos anos de 1990, no sentido de adequar a estrutura educacional às exigências oriundas do grande capital. Na tentativa de integrar a parte, isto é, as expressões do neoliberalismo no trabalho docente ao todo, caracteriza-se o Estado, a Política, as Crises do Capital, a Reforma do Estado, a contrarreforma e as suas consequências no âmbito educacional nacional e local. Discutimos os vieses políticos e econômicos no Maranhão a fim de perceber a presença dos múltiplos determinantes da macropolítica na estrutura administrativa do Maranhão e os encaminhamentos dados na política local de educação básica. A organização do trabalho pautou-se na abordagem histórico-crítica, uma vez que a realidade é contraditória e multifacetada, e esta pesquisa tem o interesse fundamental de aproximar ao máximo essas expressões da realidade estudada. Nesse sentido, fez-se o uso da entrevista semiestruturada, enquanto procedimento metodológico. De acordo com a concepção da totalidade dos sujeitos da pesquisa existe um processo intenso de precarização do ensino e do trabalho docente na Rede Pública de Ensino, ou seja, na infraestrutura e de trabalho, na forma de contratos dos professores temporários, bem como nas suas condições salariais. Constatou-se que, na compreensão dos entrevistados, em primeiro plano, na visão do governo, seria dado o grande salto de qualidade na educação básica do Maranhão, enquanto os dirigentes sindicais e pesquisadores, numa análise antagônica, percebem a política educacional como mecanismo de permanência e aprofundamento da precarização do ensino e do trabalho docente, já que o objetivo principal dessa política visava ao aspecto quantitativo das matrículas e à geração do fluxo escolar que influenciariam de imediato nos empréstimos junto ao Governo Federal e aos organismos mundiais.

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Au 15ème siècle, saint François de Paule est le créateur d’un Ordre très original, l’austérité de la règle, le quatrième vœu de vie quadragésimale et l’humilité religieuse distinguent nettement ces nouveaux venus des congrégations régulières traditionnelles. Pour le saint Calabrais la réforme est essentielle : elle prend la forme d'un renouveau, un retour aux sources et à la stricte observance à la manière d’autres réguliers de l’époque, versés dans le rigorisme pénitentiel.Le mouvement est organisé en provinces à la mort de saint François de Paule, elles constituent l'aire géographique de l’Ordre par excellence, les réguliers étant indépendants des diocèses. Constituée de quinze couvents, la province d'Aquitaine est l'une des plus étendue de l'Ordre, elle dépasse ainsi largement les frontières traditionnelles du Sud-Ouest. Il s'agit donc de démontrer les spécificités de cet Ordre en France à travers une aire géographique novatrice, la province. Ce cadre est ainsi idéal pour étudier l'Ordre, son organisation, son évolution et son engagement intellectuel. Entre la première fondation en Aquitaine, en 1503 et la Révolution, qui sonne la disparition de l'Ordre en France, les Minimes sont confrontés à de nombreux changements sociaux et intellectuels. Il s'agit ici de définir le cadre provincial et de déterminer la réalité de l'évolution d'un Ordre érémitique vers un Ordre scientifique où des figures se détachent au 17ème siècle, tels Emmanuel Maignan et Charles Plumier.Ce travail répond à la relative méconnaissance de l’Ordre des Minimes en France et plus précisément dans le Sud-Ouest où aucune étude d’ensemble n’a été menée, ni sur les Minimes, ni plus généralement sur les réguliers. / In 15th century, saint François de Paule is the creator of a very original Order, the austerity of the rule, the fourth wish of quadragesimal life and the religious humility distinguish sharply these newcomers of the traditional regular congregations. For François the reform is essential: he takes the shape of a revival, a return to basics and in the strict observance in the style of other regular of period.The movement is organized in provinces in saint François's death, they constitute the geographical area of the Order par excellence, the regular being independent from dioceses. Established by fifteen convents, the province of Aquitaine is one of the most sprea by the Order, it exceeds so widely the traditional borders of the Southwest.It is thus a question of demonstrating specificity of this Order in France through an innovative geographical area, the province. This context is so ideal to study the Order, his organization, its evolution and its intellectual commitment. Between the first foundation in Aquitaine, in 1503 and the Revolution, which sounds the disappearance of the Order in France, the Minims are confronted with numerous social and intellectual changes. It is a question here of defining the provincial context and to determine the reality of the evolution of a monastic Order towards a scientific Order where figures get loose in 17th century, such Emmanuel Maignan and Charles Plumier.This work answers the misunderstanding of the order of the Minims in France and more exactly in the Southwest where no study was led, either on the Minims, or more generally on the regular.

L’Església catòlica baixmedieval, va aplicar la reforma que havia de regular la moral dels fidels centrant el seu control en les qüestions relatives a la moral sexual (segle XIV) a la diòcesi de Barcelona. Aquesta tesi explica els mecanismes d’aquest control i recull el que visites pastorals i processos episcopals expliquen sobre l’intent de regular les formes d’unió de parella i conductes com l’adulteri, l’incest, la prostitució i molt particularment, el concubinat del clergat. Sosté que, en posar en marxa aquests mecanismes de control, l’Església partia d’una posició de desconfiança, -o de temor-, envers la dona, que portà a un control ferri de la sexualitat dels feligresos en general i dels clergues en especial. Els esforços de reforma dels costums morals van tenir èxit divers, que van abocar en una conseqüència, potser no conscientment volguda, però real: la definició d’una imatge de la dona perillosa, la bruixa, que calia combatre. / Medieval Catholic Church attempted to reform the moral of its members by focusing on aspects related to sexual morality in the 14th C in Barcelona. This thesis explains the mechanisms of such control and compiles the information that pastoral visits and Episcopal trials provide about the attempts to regulate sexual relationship behaviors and conducts, such as: adultery, incest, prostitution and specially Clergy’s concubinage. This thesis supports the statement that when these mechanisms for control were activated by the Catholic Church, they stemmed from distrust –or suspicion- towards women. Such position led to a fierce control of sexual behavior for all Catholic Church members and particularly the Clergy. The efforts made to reform moral behavior had different effects on issues addressed. However, the real consequence –which might not have been deliberate- was the image definition of a dangerous woman, and fighting the Witch.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao euzebio historia.pdf: 2205586 bytes, checksum: a61ccd5cdc94ae11b9a9b95826833a6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / We analyze the rosaryan devotion in the City of Goiás from the Memorial of Memory, written between 1881 and 1930, by Anna Joaquina Marques. During the colonization of Brazil, the devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary gained importance near the enslaved Africans, becoming one of the biggest catholic devotions, in number of loyal ones and in quantity of churches erected to this devotion. Nevertheless, the catholic reform (Ultramountainism) provoked the resign of devotion of rosary. In the last decades of the century XIX, in the backwoods of Central Brazil, the Dominican mission, associated to the administrations of the bishops of the diocese Sant'Anna of Goiás, Cláudio José Ponce de Leão and Eduardo Duarte Silva, the traditional and from the backwoods religiosity was reformed. New devotions were stimulated, others criticized and banished. So, the Catholic Church acted straightly in religious practice of the population, subjecting to his administration the churches administered you them brotherhoods and the principal religious celebrations. We observe the consequences of the ultramontane reforms in religious daily practices of the vilaboenses choosing like key of analysis to devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary of the Blacks, at the level of the experiences of the subjects, through the scripture of Anna Joaquina Marques / Analisamos a devoção rosarina na Cidade de Goiás a partir do Memorial de Lembrança, escrito entre 1881 e 1930, pela vilaboense Anna Joaquina Marques. Durante a colonização do Brasil, a devoção à Nossa Senhora do Rosário ganhou importância junto aos escravizados africanos, tornando-se uma das maiores devoções católicas, em número de fiéis e em quantidade de igrejas erigidas a este orago. Contudo, a reforma católica (Ultramontanismo) provocou a ressemantização de devoção rosarina. Nas últimas décadas do século XIX, nos sertões do Brasil Central, a missionação dominicana associada às administrações dos bispos da diocese de Sant Anna de Goiás, dom Cláudio José Ponce de Leão e dom Eduardo Duarte Silva, a religiosidade tradicional e sertaneja foi reformada. Novas devoções foram estimuladas, outras criticadas e banidas. Assim, a Igreja agiu diretamente na prática religiosa da população, submetendo à sua administração as igrejas administradas pelas irmandades e as principais festas religiosas. Observamos as conseqüências das reformas ultramontanas nas práticas religiosas cotidianas dos vilaboenses escolhendo como chave de análise a devoção a Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos, ao nível das experiências dos sujeitos, por meio da escritura de Anna Joaquina Marques

Dans la problématique, désormais classique, s’efforçant de comprendre la situation religieuse de la France à l’époque moderne, la question des mentalités du personnel ecclésiastique apparaît comme essentielle. En effet, les membres du clergé paroissial soudent la relation des fidèles avec l’Église et Dieu et sont astreints à respecter un idéal de perfection. Néanmoins, de nombreux hommes de Dieu sont avant tout des hommes et n’hésitent pas alors à renier leurs vœux de chasteté et de célibat, à prendre compagne et à se comporter comme de simples laïcs. Ces comportements jugés scandaleux, par les autorités ecclésiastiques, reflètent combien la réalité s’éloigne de la législation synodale, mais aussi de l’attente des paroissiens ; il est donc essentiel de déchiffrer ces actes par rapport à l’attitude définie par les autorités religieuses mais aussi d’établir des comparaisons afin de rendre compte des diverses entorses à la chasteté commises.Observer le clergé sous l’angle de sa conformité aux normes morales et judiciaires de son époque, considérer les ecclésiastiques avant tout comme des humains, des hommes capables de pulsions et de sentiments envers des êtres de chair dans une perspective à la fois diachronique et comparative, tel est l’objet de cette thèse. / In the issue, now classic, striving to understand the religious situation of France in modern times, the question of church personnel mentalities seems essential. Indeed, members of the parish clergy weld the relationship of the faithful with the Church and God and are obliged to respect an ideal of perfection. Nevertheless, many men of God are above all men and then do not hesitate to renounce their vows of chastity and celibacy, to take mate and act as mere laymen. These behaviors deemed scandalous by the ecclesiastical authorities reflect that reality departs from the synodal legislation, but also the expectation of parishioners; so it is essential to decipher these acts against the attitude defined by religious authorities but also comparisons to reflect various sprains committed to chastity. Observe the clergy in terms of its conformity to legal and judicial standards of his time, consider the ecclesiastical foremost as human, men capable of impulses and feelings toward beings of flesh from the perspective of both diachronic and comparative such is the subject of this thesis.