Background: In today’s fast-moving society organizational changes have become absolutely essential for long-lasting success. A great challenge is to create the internal support for change projects among the employees in order to avoid failure. The underlying problem to this study focuses on the perception towards change under the aspect of a new generation which more and more represents today's workforce.  Research Question: Are there relations between distinct characteristics of Generation Y and their attitude towards change and does this result in new approaches for practical implementations? Purpose:         The purpose of this study is to scrutinize typical characteristics of Generation Y and find out if they influence their attitude (“Readiness for change”, “Commitment to change”, “Openness to change” and “Cynicism about change”) towards change projects. This enhances existing knowledge about the attitude towards change and how this interrelates with specific characteristics. The authors aim is to find out which characteristics can be identified as beneficial for change and how that can be useful for collocating successful change project teams.  Method:          A qualitative research method with an abductive approach was used in this study. The authors were conducting two phases of qualitative interviews. The first interview phase composed of eight respondents with distinct expertise in change projects and the second phase composed of nine (three respondents each from Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers) interviews. The respondents had no specific knowledge in the field of change but experience in working with Generation Y which assisted to expose their specific characteristics. Theoretical Framework:   The underlying theories consist of employees’ general attitude towards organizational change as well as the distinct characteristics of Generation Y. For a more practice-oriented evaluation of the implementation of organizational change, the theory about change project teams is presented as well.   Findings:       The study revealed that members of Generation Y are well equipped with a set of distinct characteristics that positively influence their attitude towards organizational change. Characteristics like “Informationalization”, “High level of education”, “High level of flexibility”, “Critical Thinking” and “Globality” were evaluated as having positive effects on their “Openness to Change”, “Readiness for Change”, “Commitment to Change”, and “Cynicism about Change”. Furthermore, those findings enhance existing selection processes when it comes to the collocation of change projects teams.

Många ungdomar spelar datorspel dagligen och trots att många spelar för underhållnings skull finns det dem som utvecklar problem likt missbruksproblematik. Datorspelsberoende är ingen diagnos men ingår i Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) som ett potentiellt nytt tillstånd som kräver ytterligare forskning. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka vilka personlighetsdrag hos ungdomar som har ett samband med datorspelsberoende och som i sin tur har ett samband med psykisk ohälsa samt hur sambanden ser ut hos pojkar respektive flickor. Studiens övergripande syfte var att bidra med kunskap inom datorspelsberoende för att behandling för denna målgrupp ska kunna bli mer individanpassad. 123 gymnasieelever deltog i en enkätundersökning. Mediationsanalyser gjordes på datamaterialet, som bestod av specifika personlighetsdrag som prediktorvariabel, datorspelsberoende som mediator och psykisk ohälsa som utfallsvariabel. Inga mediationseffekter för det totala stickprovet uppmättes. Resultatet visade på tre medelstora mediationseffekter för pojkar och för flickor visades inget samband mellan prediktor-, mediator- och utfallsvariabel, varpå mediationsanalys inte utfördes på detta stickprov. Studiens resultat indikerar på att det finns en mediationseffekt av datorspelsberoende på relationen mellan specifika personlighetsdrag och psykisk ohälsa hos pojkar, men inte flickor. / Many adolescents play computer games daily and despite the fact that many play for the sake of entertainment, there are those who develop problems similar to addiction problems. Internet gaming addiction is not a diagnosis but it's part of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) as a potentially new state that requires further research. This study aimed to investigate which personality traits of young people that have a relationship with Internet gaming addiction and which in turn have a relationship with mental illness and how the relationships between the variables interact in samples with boys and girls. The overall aim of the study was to contribute knowledge in Internet gaming addiction to enable treatment for this target group to become a more individualized treatment. 123 high school students participated in a survey. Mediation analysis were made on the data consisting of specific personality traits as predictor variable, Internet gaming addiction as mediator and mental illness as outcome variable. No mediation effects for the total sample were measured. The results showed 3 medium mediation effects for boys and for girls there was no correlation between predictor, mediator and outcome variables, after which mediation analysis was not performed on this sample. The results of the study indicate that there is a mediation effect of Internet gaming addiction on the relationship between specific personality traits and mental illness for boys, but not girls.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-28T14:16:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1989320 bytes, checksum: be0e811abedbd9ee78ff8b8fe9d430a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T14:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1989320 bytes, checksum: be0e811abedbd9ee78ff8b8fe9d430a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aimed to know if the personality traits and human values are able to explain the maternal alienating practices. Specifically, we intended to: (1) develop and know the psychometric parameters of the Inventory of Maternal Alienating Practices (IMAP); (2) verify the confirmatory validity of IMAP; and (3) test an explicative model, in which the personality traits and values are predictors of maternal alienating practices. Thus, we developed three studies with correlational design, ex post facto, and quantitative methodology. In study 1, we aimed to build and know the psychometric parameters of IMAP. Participants were 200 divorced mothers, aged 22-66 (M = 37.12 years, SD = 9.06). After testing the discriminative power of 13 initial items using a Student t test, remained Twelve. Then we proceeded to a factor analysis, identifying, using the PA criterion, a structure composed of a single factor, with all items showing loadings higher than |.30| and Cronbach's alpha of .83. In Study 2, we carried out a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of IPMA. Counted on a sample by intentional convenience of 189 divorced mothers, aged 20-70 years (M = 37.8, SD = 10.69). The results of the AFC after removal of two items (6 and 11) showed marginally acceptable indicators [χ² = 141.05, χ²/gl = 4.03, GFI = .87, AGFI = .80, CFI = .88 and RMSEA (IC90 % = .12 – .10) = .14, CAIC = 265.89 e ECVI = .96], satisfactory level of internal consistency α = .88, so as the composite commonality (CC = .90) and mean variance explained (VME = .50). It is considered therefore that the objectives of the previous studies have been achieved, given a quality metric of the instrument developed. In Study 3, in an attempt to propose an explanatory model of maternal alienating practices, we sought to identify the correlation between these practices and the personality traits and human values, and also verify the predictive power of these constructs against these practices. Participants were 188 divorced mothers, aged 17-61 years (M = 32.2 years, SD = 9.17). Were performed Pearsons correlation, linear regression to assess predictive power, as has also been proposed a hierarchical model through the software AMOS. The main results indicate that personality trait kindness and values subfunction suprapersonal present correlation with the amaternal alienating practices (r = -.18; p <.05 and r = -.24, p <.05, respectively). From these results, it was found the predictive power of these variables towards the maternal alienating practices, noting its predictor potential front practices satisfactorily. Taking these results as a basis, we tested an explicative model, in which the kindness trait was able to predict the suprapersonal subfunction which jointly explained maternal alienating practices. Thus, the hierarchical model personality traits → values → maternal alienating practices presents satisfactory quality at the adjustments indices, shown through structural equation modeling. In conclusion, the present dissertation objectives were achieved, emphasizing the theoretical framework used for identifying robustly that factors associated with loving characteristics and emotional balance, can consistently help to understand maternal alienating practices. / A presente dissertação teve como objetivo geral saber se os traços de personalidade e os valores humanos são capazes de explicar as práticas maternas alienantes. Especificamente, pretendeu-se: (1) construir e conhecer os parâmetros psicométricos do Inventário de Práticas Maternas Alienantes (IPMA); (2) verificar a validade confirmatória do IPMA; e (3) testar um modelo explicativo em que os traços de personalidade e os valores são preditores das práticas maternas alienantes. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos três estudos com delineamento correlacional, ex post facto, e metodologia quantitativa. O Estudo 1 buscou construir e conhecer os parâmetros psicométricos do IPMA. Participaram 200 mães divorciadas, com idades variando de 22 a 66 (M = 37,12 anos; DP = 9,06). Após testar o poder discriminativo dos 13 itens iniciais por meio de um teste t de Student, permaneceram doze. Procedeu-se, então, uma análise fatorial, identificando, a partir do critério da AP, uma estrutura composta por um único fator, com todos os itens apresentando saturações superior a |0,30| e alfa de Cronbach de 0,83. No Estudo 2, realizou-se uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) do IPMA. Contou-se com uma amostra por conveniência intencional de 189 mães divorciadas, com idade variando de 20 a 70 anos (M = 37,8; DP = 10,69). Os resultados da AFC, após a remoção de dois itens (6 e 11), apresentaram indicadores marginalmente aceitáveis [χ² = 141,05, χ²/gl = 4,03, GFI = 0,87, AGFI = 0,80, CFI = 0,88 e RMSEA (IC90% = 0,12 – 0,10) = 0,14, CAIC = 265,89 e ECVI = 0,96], o índice de consistência interna foi satisfatório α = 0,88, assim como a comunalidade composta (CC = 0,90) e variância média explicada (VME = 0,50). Considera-se, portanto, que os objetivos dos estudos supracitados tenham sido alcançados, haja vista a qualidade métrica do instrumento desenvolvido. No Estudo 3, na tentativa de propor um modelo explicativo das práticas maternas alienantes, buscou-se além de verificar a correlação entre estas práticas e os traços de personalidade e valores humanos, verificar o poder preditivo destes construtos frente a estas práticas. Participaram 188 mães divorciadas com idade variando de 17 a 61 anos (M = 32,2 anos; DP = 9,17). Foram realizadas análises correlacionais de Pearson, regressão linear para avaliar poder preditivo, como também foi proposto um modelo hierárquico por meio do programa AMOS. Os principais resultados indicam que o traço de personalidade amabilidade e a subfunção valorativa suprapessoal apresentaram correlação com as práticas maternas alienantes (r = -0,18; p < 0,05 e r = -0,24; p < 0,05; respectivamente). A partir destes resultados, verificou-se o poder preditivo destas variáveis frente às práticas maternas alienantes, constatando seu potencial preditor frente às práticas de maneira satisfatória. Tendo estes resultados como base, testou-se um modelo explicativo, no qual o traço amabilidade foi capaz de predizer a subfunção suprapessoal que, de maneira conjunta, explicaram práticas maternas alienantes. Assim, o modelo hierárquico traços de personalidade → valores → práticas maternas alienantes apresenta índices de qualidade de ajustes satisfatórios, evidenciados por meio de modelagem por equação estrutural. Concluindo, os objetivos da presente dissertação foram alcançados, dando ênfase ao marco teórico utilizado que permite identificar, de maneira robusta, que fatores associados a características amorosas e equilíbrio emocional, podem, de maneira consistente, auxiliar a compreender práticas maternas alienantes.

In Brazil, few studies are found investigating the relationship between creativity and personality constructs, especially considering the Big Five Model. This study investigated a sample of 83 Brazilian high school students, between ages 14 and 18 years (M = 16.01, SD = 0.95) that answered two questionnaires, the Torrance Thinking Creatively with Words (Brazilian version) and the Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (Factorial Battery of Personality). The results indicated significant correlations only between the socialization factor and twoverbal creative indexes (ICVI = .26; ICVII = .26). In the present study the investigated constructs are weakly related. The influence of the instrument and the theoretical modeladopted in the findings is discussed. / En Brasil es escasa la literatura científica acerca de la relación entre los constructos de creatividad, personalidad y el Modelo de los Cinco Factores. A partir de la aplicación del Test de Pensamiento Creativo con Palabras de Torrance (versión brasilera) y la Batería Factorial de Personalidad en 83 estudiantes brasileros de secundaria, con rango de edad de entre 14-18 años (M = 16; DS = .95), se estudia la relación entre la creatividad verbal y la personalidad. Los resultados revelan la existencia de relaciones significativas bajas entre el factor socialización y dos índices creativos verbales (ICV I = .26; ICVII = .26). Se discute la influencia del instrumento y del modelo teórico asumido en los hallazgos. / No Brasil, a escassez de estudos que investigam a relação entre os construtos da Criatividade e Personalidade, principalmente considerando-se o modelo Big Five, pode ser notada. Neste cenário, a partir da aplicação dos testes Pensando Criativamente com Palavras de Torrance (versão brasileira) e a Bateria Fatorial da Personalidade, o presente trabalho pesquisou em uma amostra de 83 estudantes brasileiros do Ensino Médio, com idades entre 14 e 18 anos (M = 16.01, DP = .95) a relação entre os construtos referidos anteriormente. Os resultados indicaram a existência de correlações significativas apenas entre o fator Socialização e os dois índices criativos verbais (ICVI = .26; ICVII = .26), de modo a apontar que, nesta pesquisa, os construtos apresentamse pouco relacionados. Discutese a influência dos instrumentos edo modelo teórico adotado.

Titel: Personlighetsegenskaper och motivation Syfte: Att belysa hur en mellanchefs personlighetsegenskaper inverkar på hur de motiverar sina medarbetare.  Teori: The Big Five, arbetsmotivation och Herzberg tvåfaktormodell. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med ett konstruktionistiskt perspektiv samt ur en hermeneutisk synvinkel. Metoden utgjordes av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer som spelades in och transkriberades. Intervjuerna utgick från en intervjuguide som var baserad på studiens teorier. Respondenterna valdes ut med ett målstyrt urval. Empiri: En sammanställning av de fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuerna som genomfördes. Slutsats: En mellanchefs personlighetsegenskaper visade sig ha en viss inverkan på hur de motiverar sina medarbetare. Hur stor denna inverkan är varierar mellan olika mellanchefer. I ett fall där en mellanchef hade medelnivåer av de flesta personlighetsdimensionerna och låga nivåer av extraversion samt neuroticism uppfattades hen vara lugn, reserverad och uppgiftsorienterad. Vilket inverkade på hens motivationsarbete genom att hen använde sig av inre motivationsfaktorer på ett sådant sätt där hen lämnade över ansvaret till medarbetarna själva. I ett annat fall hade en mellanchef utmärkande nivåer av tillgänglighet/vänlighet/behag och samvetsgrannhet, lite över medel av extraversion och låg nivå av neuroticism och öppenhet. Där det främst var hens låga nivå av extraversion som antydde på att hen är mer uppgiftsorienterad som visade sig inverka på hens sätt att motivera sina medarbetare, via den inre motivationsfaktor erkännande. En annan mellanchef med liknande personlighetsegenskaper, dock med en betydligt högre nivå av extraversion som innebär att hen är personinriktad istället, involverade sig betydligt mycket i sina medarbetare mer som enskilda individer och visade på ett betydligt större intresse för deras utveckling och välmående. Hen använde inre motivationsfaktorer som erkännande, prestation, personliga utvecklingsmöjligheter och hygienfaktorer som belöningar och lön. En annan mellanchef visade sig använda samma typer av motivationsfaktorer, dock med en helt annan nivå av engagemang och intresse i sina medarbetare, vilket troligen beror på hennes personlighetsegenskaper som är totala motsatsen jämfört med övriga studerade mellanchefer. / Title: Personality traits and motivation Purpose: To illustrate how a senior executive’s personality traits affect how they motivate their employees. Theory: The Big Five, work motivation and Herzberg's two factor model. Method: A qualitative study with a constructive perspective with one hermeneutical position. Four semi structured interviews were conducted, all of them were recorded and transcribed. Respondents were selected with a purposive sampling. Empirical: A compilation of the four semi-structured interviews conducted. Conclusion: A senior executive’s personality traits were found to have a certain impact on how they motivate their employees. The extent to which this effect is varied between the various senior executives. In one case where a senior executive had average levels of most personality dimensions and low levels of extraversion as well as emotionality, they were perceived to be calm, reserved and task-oriented. Which affected motivational work by using internal motivation factors in such a way that they left the responsibility to the employees themselves. In another case, a senior executive had distinctive levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, a little over the means of extraversion and low levels of emotionality and openness to experience. Where primarily, there was a low level of extraversion that suggested that they are more task-oriented, which proved to impact in order to motivate their employees, through the internal motivation factor recognition. Another senior executive with similar personality characteristics, though with a significantly higher level of extraversion, which means that they are person-oriented instead, involved much more in their employees more than individual individuals and showed a much greater interest in their development and well-being. The senior executive used internal motivational factors such as recognition, achievement, personal development opportunities and hygiene factors such as rewards and salaries. Another senior executive was found to use the same types of motivational factors, but with a completely different level of commitment and interest in their employees, which is probably due to the personality traits, which is the opposite of the other senior executives

O objetivo do presente trabalho é estabelecer a relação entre o nível de tolerância ao risco financeiro de investidores (e investidores potenciais), suas características demográficas, seus traços de personalidade, vieses comportamentais e nível de educação financeira. A literatura consultada subsidiou os conceitos dos traços de personalidade bem como os conceitos de finanças comportamentais, educação financeira e tolerância ao risco. A metodologia utilizada foi descritiva, com método quantitativo, tendo sido utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de análise fatorial exploratória e regressão múltipla hierárquica para tratamento dos dados. Foi aplicada uma survey em amostra não probabilística, selecionada por conveniência, constituída por indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, oriundos de vários estados brasileiros. Os resultados mostraram que, na amostra estudada, os homens são mais tolerantes ao risco do que as mulheres, a faixa etária tem uma relação inversa com a variável independente, indicando que os mais jovens seriam mais propensos ao risco. Além disso, os achados indicam que os traços de personalidade não foram importantes para explicar a tolerância ao risco uma vez que, no modelo final da análise de regressão hierárquica, nenhuma das variáveis que compõem os traços de personalidade foram significantes. Quanto aos vieses comportamentais abordados neste trabalho, o viés do autocontrole, foi considerado significante para explicar a tolerância ao risco, indicando que as pessoas com mais autocontrole têm maior tolerância ao risco. A educação financeira também foi uma variável significante para explicar a tolerância ao risco, sendo positivamente relacionada com a mesma. Dessa forma, os resultados aqui obtidos indicaram que a tolerância ao risco é influenciada por características comportamentais e cognitivas. / The aim of the present study is to establish the relationship between the level of financial risk tolerance of investors (and potential investors), demographic characteristics, personality traits, behavioral biases and level of financial education. The literature consulted supported the concepts of personality traits as well as the concepts of behavioral finance, financial education and risk tolerance. The methodology adopted was descriptive and quantitative. The statistical techniques used was the factorial analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. The sample was non probabilistic, selected by convenience and consisted of individuals over 18 years of age, from several Brazilian states. The results showed that, in the sample studied, men are more risk tolerant than women, the age has an inverse relationship with the independent variable, indicating that the younger ones would be more risk-prone. Furthermore, the findings indicate that personality traits were not important in explaining risk tolerance since, in the final model of hierarchical regression analysis, none of the traits were significant. Regarding the behavioral biases addressed in this study, the self-control bias was considered significant in explaining risk tolerance, indicating that people with more self-control have greater risk tolerance. Financial education was also a significant variable to explain risk tolerance and was positively related to it. Thus, the results achieved indicate that risk tolerance is influenced by behavioral and cognitive characteristics.

O estudo da associação entre doença arterial coronariana e coronariopatias (DAC), stress e personalidade tem produzido grande volume de pesquisas, cujos resultados indicam correlação significante entre stress e personalidade com DAC. O campo da psicocardiologia emergiu recentemente como uma especialização da medicina comportamental, tendo por objetivo a busca de evidências das associações existentes entre traços de personalidade e outras variáveis psicossociais, com a etiologia, a ocorrência e o prognóstico da DAC. O Padrão Comportamental Tipo A (TABP) e a Personalidade Tipo D (TDP) são construtos que relacionam personalidade a desfechos cardíacos e estados crônicos de stress, constituindo estilos diferenciados de coping. TABP é um construto multidimensional considerado como fator de risco independente para a ocorrência de DAC, caracterizado principalmente por hostilidade, raiva, impaciência, ambição, estilo de fala rápido e urgência do tempo. Mais recentemente, o conceito da TDP foi proposto com base no do Modelo dos Cinco Fatores de Personalidade (FFM). TDP é caracterizada pela interação simultânea de afetividade negativa e inibição social. O indivíduo TDP vive permanentemente um estado emocional permeado por sentimentos negativos, ao mesmo tempo em que inibe a expressão desta afetividade negativa em situações de interações sociais. Esta overview teve por objetivo investigar as evidências obtidas em revisões sistemáticas (RSs), com ou sem metanálise, sobre a associação do TABP e da TDP com eventos coronarianos. Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados: Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Dissertation Abstracts, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed e PsychINFO. Dois revisores avaliaram independentemente os títulos e os resumos de todas as RSs identificadas na busca eletrônica. Foram identificadas onze RSs que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sete sobre TABP e quatro sobre TDP; além de uma overview sobre TABP. As evidências sumarizadas das RSs convergiram para uma associação quase nula entre TABP e DAC, mesmo quando hostilidade e raiva foram usados como sinônimos de TABP. Por outro lado, as RSs que investigaram a associação entre TDP e DAC acharam evidências robustas, especialmente em prognosticar evolução negativa de pacientes TDP com DAC preexistente. A avaliação dos efeitos de fatores psicossociais na etiologia, desenvolvimento e prognóstico de doenças cardíacas tem importantes implicações clínicas e é essencial para diagnosticar indivíduos com propensão à DAC para ações preventivas e para o sucesso de programas de reabilitação cardíaca. A possibilidade de o cardiologista avaliar seus pacientes quanto à probabilidade de desenvolver DAC tem grande implicação para a prática médica por seu valor profilático e prevencionista. Estudos prospectivos recentes evidenciaram que a afetividade positiva é associada à saúde cardíaca com efeitos benéficos na reabilitação cardíaca / Studies on the association of cardiac heart disease (CHD), stress and personality have being producing an enormous volume of research, with results indicating a significant correlation among stress, personality and coronary disease. The field of psychocardiology arose as a specific area of behavioral medicine. It aims searching for evidence on existing associations between personality traits and the ethiology, incidence and prognosis of (CHD). The Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and the Type D Personality (TDP) are constructs associated with cardiac endpoints and are components of a chronic stress condition, wich produces differentiated coping styles. TABP is a multidimensional construct considered as an independent risk factor for the incidence of CHD, characterized mainly by hostility, anger and time urgency. More recently, the TDP concept was proposed on the basis of the Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). TDP is characterized by the simultaneous interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The TDP individual experiences a permanent emotional state permeated by negative feelings, at the same time he or she inhibits the expression of this negative affectivity in social interactions. The objective of this overview is to investigate evidence obtained by systematic reviews (SRs), with or without meta-analyses, on the association of TABP and TDP with coronary events. Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Dissertation Abstracts, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and PsychINFO data bases have been consulted. The titles and abstracts of all SRs identified through electronic search were analysed by two indepent reviewers. Eleven identified SRs met the inclusion criteria, seven on TABP and four on TDP, besides an overview on TABP. In this overview, summarized evidence of the SRs on TABP converged to an almost null association between TABP and CHD. Otherwise, the SRs which investigated the association between TDP and CHD found robust evidence, specially in the prognosis of negative evolution of TDP patients with previous CHD. The assesment of the psychosocial factors effects in the ethiology, development and prognosis of cardiac disease has important clinical implication and is essential to assess individuals with propensity to CHD in order to adopt preventive actions and to the success of cardiac rehabilitation programs. The possibility that cardiologists have to diagnose their patients on the likelihood to develop CHD has relevant implications to the medical practice for its prophylatic and preventive value. Recent prospective studies found evidence that positive affectivity is associated to cardiac health with beneficial effects in cardiac rehabilitation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 angelicakaefer.pdf: 395526 bytes, checksum: fa5c5d2a2a4fa53dfa537189b4bacc07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / The relationship between extroversion-introversion personality trait and the selfcontrolled frequency of extrinsic feedback, in the learning of a sequential timing motor skill in adults was investigated in the current study. The subjects answered to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) for the personality evaluation of. 56 citizens. University students of both genders had been selected through the EPQ and had then been submitted to a motor task that consisted of pressing computer keyboard keys, with specific space and timing sequence established by the experimenter. The experiment counted on phases of acquisition, retention and transfer. The retention and transfer phases were carried out 24 hours after the acquisition phase. The subjects were distributed in 4 groups, formed by the combination of the trace (extroversão/introversion) and frequency of KR (selfcontrolled and externally controlled). The dependent variable used in the study was the partial errors in absolute and relative timing in each block. The results indicated superior learning for the groups that had practiced in a self controlled schedule. Complementary analyses were carried out, evidencing inferior learning for the group of introverts that requested more KR at the beginning of the practice and less at the end, in relation to all the other groups. Hence, these complementary analyses demonstrated a significant interaction between personality trait and KR frequency in relation to a high or low request of KR in relative timing, that is; introverts who requested high frequency of KR learned more than introverts who requested low frequency of KR and extroverts who requested low KR frequency learned more than extroverts who requested high KR. / No presente trabalho investigou-se a relação entre o traço de personalidade extroversão-introversão e a freqüência de feedback extrínseco auto-controlado na aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora de timing seqüencial em adultos. Os sujeitos responderam ao Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) para a avaliação da personalidade. 56 sujeitos, estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos foram selecionados através do EPQ e posteriormente, foram submetidos a uma tarefa motora que consistiu em pressionar teclas do teclado numérico acoplado de um computador portátil, com uma seqüência espacial e temporal específica estabelecida pelo experimentador. O experimento contou com fases de aquisição (60 tentativas), retenção (10 tentativas) e transferência (10 tentativas). As fases de retenção e transferência foram realizadas 24 horas após a fase de aquisição. Os sujeitos foram distribuídos em 4 grupos, formados com a combinação do traço (extroversão/introversão) e a freqüência de fornecimento de CR (auto-controlado e externamente controlado). As variáveis dependentes utilizadas no estudo foram os erros parciais em timing absoluto e timing relativo obtidos em cada bloco. Os resultados apontaram aprendizagem superior para os grupos que praticaram com freqüência auto-controlada de CR em relação aos grupos que praticaram com freqüência externamente controlada. Análises complementares foram realizadas, evidenciando aprendizagem inferior para o grupo de introvertidos que solicitou mais CR no início da prática e menos no final, em relação a todos os outros grupos. Ainda, estas análises complementares evidenciaram, em timing relativo, uma significativa interação entre traço de personalidade e freqüência em relação à alta e baixa solicitação de CR, ou seja, introvertidos que solicitaram alta freqüência de CR aprenderam mais que introvertidos que solicitaram baixa freqüência de CR e, extrovertidos que solicitaram baixa freqüência de CR aprenderam mais que extrovertidos que solicitaram alta freqüência de CR

In this thesis report we conducted research study on driver's behavior in T-Intersections using simulated environment. This report describes and discusses correlation analysis of driver's personality traits and style while driving at T-Intersections. The experiments were performed on multi user driving simulator under controlled settings, at Linköping University. A total of forty-eight people participated in the study and were divided into groups of four, all driving in the same simulated world. During the experiments participants were asked to fill a series of well-known self-report questionnaires. We evaluated questionnaires to get the insight in driver's personality traits and driving style. The self-report questionnaires consist of Schwartz's configural model of 10 values types and NEO-five factor inventory. Also driver's behavior was studied with the help of questionnaires based on driver's behavior, style, conflict avoidance, time horizon and tolerance of uncertainty. Then these 10 Schwartz's values are correlated with the other questionnaires to give the detail insight of the driving habits and personality traits of the drivers.

The study of the capital structure is a subject that is considered by many as one of the high complexities. Several theories, based on the rationality paradigm, were created to explain the decisions about the funding sources' mix of the organizations; however, each theory seeks to present solutions to specific problems on this subject to great corporations. Nevertheless, despite its large contribution to the current economic system, the study on the determinants of the capital structure of micro and small companies is yet widely neglected. This research seeks to study these determinants from a complementary perspective to the traditional approach. We created and validated a model that can entail the variables that are traditionally connected to the companies performance (size, growth, profitability, and life cycle stage) together with the variable bound to the manager s relationships (number of products used), and also seed to associate such as variables to the personality traits of the manager-owner (optimism, overconfidence, sense of control and aversion to debt). In order to solve the research problem, a survey research is suggested with the entrepreneurs in Rio Grande do Sul. The sample to be selected will be of 625 micro and small entrepreneurs. Once the data was collected, all constructs were validated. By structural equation modeling was realized that the firm's performance was the main determinant of capital structure, in which the greatest growth, greatest profitability, the largest asset size and most advanced in the life cycle stage, implies on lesser organizational leverage. From this result, we conclude that to the extent that the company offers the opportunity to use internally generated funds, the entrepreneur tends to prefer them to finance the company's assets, to the detriment of external resources. In another hand, the banking service variable was positively associated with leverage. We conclude that the major number of banking services, used by the firm, contributes to decrease informational asymmetry, increasing access to credit, to the extent that the lender can form a better image of the company. In a complementary way, it was realized that the Managerial Traits has significant importance in decisions about capital structure, in that the positive expectations, the greater confidence of the entrepreneur, the negative attitude towards debt and the lesser locus of control (external) influence the capital structure, promoting as a result, the use of internal resources to the organization. It was also observed influence, though indirect, gender, since the female gender influenced negatively the performance of firms, and the lowest use of banking services. / O estudo da estrutura de capital é um tema considerado, por muitos, de alta complexidade. Diversas teorias, baseadas no paradigma da racionalidade, foram criadas para explicá-la, porém cada uma, por seu turno, busca apresentar soluções à problemas específicos desta temática, perante as grandes empresas. A despeito de sua grande contribuição para o sistema econômico atual, o estudo dos determinantes da estrutura de capital das micro e pequenas empresas ainda permanece amplamente negligenciado. Neste trabalho, buscou-se estudá-los sob uma ótica complementar à abordagem tradicional. Buscou-se criar e validar um modelo capaz de abarcar as variáveis tradicionalmente ligadas ao desempenho das firmas (tamanho, crescimento da participação de mercado, crescimento dos lucros, lucratividade e estágio do ciclo de vida) com o relacionamento do gestor junto aos bancos (serviços bancários utilizados), assim como busca associar a estrutura de capital aos traços de personalidade do proprietário-gerente (otimismo, excesso de confiança, senso de controle e aversão à dívida). Para solucionar o problema de pesquisa realizou-se uma pesquisa survey, junto aos empresários do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra selecionada foi de 625 micro e pequenos empresários. Após o levantamento de dados validou-se os construtos. Mediante a modelagem de equações estruturais percebeu-se que o desempenho da firma foi o principal determinante da estrutura de capital, em que quanto maior crescimento, maior lucratividade, maior tamanho dos ativos e mais avançado o estágio do ciclo de vida, menor era a alavancagem. Conclui-se que, na medida em que a empresa oferece a oportunidade de uso de recursos gerados internamente, o empreendedor tende a preferi-los para financiar os ativos da empresa, em detrimento aos recursos externos. Destacou-se também a variável serviços bancários a qual foi positivamente associada à alavancagem. Conclui-se, portanto, que o maior número de serviços bancários, utilizados pela firma, auxilia no decréscimo da assimetria informacional, potencializando o acesso ao crédito, na medida em que o credor pode formar uma melhor imagem da empresa. De maneira complementar percebeu-se que os Traços Gerenciais tem significativa importância nas decisões sobre estrutura de capital, na medida em que as expectativas positivas, a maior confiança do empreendedor, a atitude negativa perante a dívida e a menor crença de descontrole e de incapacidade de gerenciamento da vida dos indivíduos influenciam as decisões sobre estrutura de capital das firmas, promovendo, portanto, o uso de recursos gerados internos à organização. Observou-se ainda influência, embora indireta, do gênero, uma vez que o gênero feminino influênciou de maneira negativa o desempenho das firmas e o menor uso de serviços bancários.