Starting from the hypothesis European countries have more experience in addressing problems in their mountain areas, the research was designed as a cross-country study mixed with a casestudy approach. Major European mountain massifs were embraced within the first phase of the research (exploratory-descriptive), indicating how similar problems in Serbian [SMA] and other European mountain areas [EMA] are and how their countries address them. The next task was to present how sustainable development of SMA alone can be enhanced, which was done in the explanatory phase. Multiple source analysis, also known as the triangulation method, enabled evidence cross-checking. In the case of SMA, data was collected from both available sources and interviews conducted in three rounds with experts, authorities and the local population (in four municipalities), while data for other EMA was obtained solely from written sources. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. The research led to identification of five categories of problems: environmental, demographic, infrastructure, economic and management. In this regard, SMA have been shown to be similar to other EMA in terms of environmental and demographic issues, while differing from them in matters of the economy, physical accessibility, infrastructure endowment and management. The Balkan Mountain Massif and the Carpathians showed the greatest similarity to SMA. In contrast, the Alps showed a considerably lower extent of problems because of the length of time already spent on finding solutions for them. The identified problem categories in mountain areas Serbia has been dealt for the shortest period of time, including defining and promotion of principles, instruments and measures. The issues stressed are: Serbia lacks decision-making power below the national level, explicit measures for mountain area problems and their implementation. The greatest gap between EMA and SMA appeared to be in the sphere of management, where Serbia has done the least. The last part of the research argues and suggests the prospects for the sustainable development of SMA, split into three main fields of action - management, infrastructure and the economy, and additionally a couple of actions valuable for all the fields simultaneously – urban-rural dependences and activation of the civil sector and volunteers. Within the management field, active local population participation, responsible realisation of the full cycle of decision making - from research to evaluation – and the special status for SMA are highlighted as inevitable in the enhancement process. In the field of the economy, the suggestions made are economic diversification and the improvement of products and job attractiveness, which are expected to positively affect the dissemination of knowledge, product marketing and accessibility to the market. Finally, the sustainable development perspectives aligned in the field of accessibility and infrastructure are the endowment of roads, modernisation of education and ICT endowment. / Ausgehend von der Hypothese, dass europäische Länder bereits vielfältige Erfahrungen mit der Bewältigung von Problemen in ihren Berggebieten haben, ist die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit als länderübergreifende Fallstudie angelegt worden. In einem ersten, exploratorischdeskriptiven Teil der Forschungsarbeit werden die größten europäischen Gebirgsmassive vorgestellt. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich Probleme in serbischen [SBG] und anderen europäischen Berggebieten [EBG] ähneln und auf welche Art und Weise sich die einzelnen Länder mit ihren Berggebieten auseinandersetzen. Dies geschieht in der Absicht, Wege aufzuzeigen, wie eine nachhaltige Entwicklung der Berggebiete in Serbien angegangen werden könnte. Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen sind zu diesem Zweck ausgewertet worden, wodurch auch die Prüfung der Daten, d.h. ihre Triangulation möglich war. Im Falle der SBG wurden Daten aus zwei verfügbaren Quellen herangezogen. Außerdem sind Interviews mit Fachexperten, Behörden und den Bewohnern in vier Gemeinden geführt worden. Zu den EBG sind verfügbare Daten aus der Literatur genutzt worden. Sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Daten sind in die Analyse einbezogen worden. Fünf Kategorien von Problemen konnten auf diese Weise herausgearbeitet werden: ökologische, demographische, infrastrukturelle, wirtschaftliche und administrative Probleme. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die SBG und die EBG vor allem in Bezug auf die Umwelt und die Demographie Ähnlichkeiten besitzen. Unterschiede zeigten sich vor allem in Bezug auf Fragen der Wirtschaft, der physischen Zugänglichkeit, der infrastrukturellen Ausstattung und der Verwaltung. Das Gebirgsmassiv im Balkan und den Karpaten besitzt die größte Ähnlichkeit mit den SBG. Im Gegensatz dazu, zeigten die Alpen wesentlich geringere Probleme, da diese seit einem längeren Zeitraum angegangen werden. Im darauffolgenden, analytischen Teil der Arbeit werden zu jeder der identifizierten Problemkategorien in Serbien kurzfristig umsetzbare Entwicklungsprinzipien, Instrumente und Maßnahme vorgeschlagen. Herausgestellt werden folgende Aspekte: Serbien braucht mehr Entscheidungsbefugnis unterhalb der nationalen Ebene, es braucht besondere Instrumente zur Bewältigung der Probleme seiner Berggebiete sowie eigene Ansätze zu deren Umsetzung. Der größten Differenzen zwischen EBG und SBG werden im Bereich der Verwaltung gesehen, da Serbien hier bisher die wenigsten Anstrengungen unternommen hat. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit werden Perspektiven für die nachhaltige Entwicklung der SBG aufgezeigt, aufgeteilt in drei mögliche Haupthandlungsfelder– Verwaltung, Infrastruktur und Wirtschaft. Außerdem werden Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die alle Problemfelder übergreifen. Dazu gehören die Bezugnahme von Stadt und Land sowie die Aktivierung zivilen und ehrenamtlichen Engagements innerhalb der SBG. Für den Bereich der Verwaltung werden die aktive Einbeziehung der lokalen Bevölkerung, die verantwortungsvolle Umsetzung planerischer Entscheidungsprozesse – von der Forschung bis hin zur Evaluierung – sowie die Einrichtung eines besonderen Status für die SBG als notwendig für deren nachhaltige Entwicklung erachtet. Für den Bereich der Wirtschaft werden Diversifikation, die qualitative Verbesserung von Erzeugnissen sowie die Steigerung des Angebotes attraktiver Arbeitsplätze als Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten vorgeschlagen, da diese voraussichtlich positiv auf die Verbreitung von Wissen, Produktmarketing und die Zugänglichkeit zu den Märkten wirken. Darüber hinaus werden für nachhaltige Entwicklungsperspektiven der SBG in Bezug auf die Erreichbarkeit und die Infrastruktur die Einrichtung von Straßen, die Modernisierung von Bildungseinrichtungen und die Einrichtung von Informations- und Kommunikationswegen angeregt.

The study examines the factors that cause school absenteeism and how the high school/upper secondary can work to prevent school absenteeism and promote school attendance. The overall purpose of the study was to investigate what the high school/upper secondary school students describe as absenteeism prevention and promote attendance. The theoretical framework for the study consists of a socio-cultural perspective, a relational perspective, and the theory of KASAM. The study approach is qualitative and the study data were collected through mixed methods where semi-structured interviews were supplemented with a survey of the high school/upper secondary school students in grades 2 and 3. Based on the students' descriptions, the school's work on preventing absence and promoting attendance can be seen as complex. The students show, as in previous research, that many different factors influence the students' attendance and absence and that the causal factors can vary from student to student. The result further shows that there are a variety of factors related to the school's learning environments that can prevent absenteeism and promote attendance. The conclusion of the study highlights the importance of high school/upper secondary school working to strengthen students' motivation, participation, security, health, wellness and well-being. Highschool/upper secondary school should also work actively to ensure that the learning environment in the school is varied and that the teaching is adapted to the diversity of pupils' needs and conditions. Based on the results, it is determined that a broad repertoire of strategies and methods is needed in the school's absence prevention and attendance promotion work. The special pedagogical relevance of the study is made visible by the study showing that the school's attendance promotion and absence prevention work is strengthened by the school working to identify and map obstacles and opportunities in the school's educational, social and physical learning environments and based on the development of the school's learning environments at both individual and organizational levels.

Dieser Band des HDS.Journals widmet sich auf der Mikro- und Mesoebene sowohl individuellen als auch kollaborativen Lehrentwicklungsprojekten und möchte durch die Publikation von Good-Practice Beispielen einen Beitrag zum Transfer dieser Ideen in die Hochschulöffentlichkeit leisten. Auf der Mikround Mesoebene wird Lehre intensiv reflektiert und (weiter-)entwickelt, auf der Makroebene kommen diese Entwicklungsvorhaben als Potential der Hochschulentwicklung aber leider noch zu selten an.

Bakgrund Sjuksköterskor vårdar patienter dygnet runt och skapar relationer både med patienter samt närstående. Att bedriva god vård kräver för det första professionell och yrkesspecifik kunskap i form av ämneskunskaper, personliga färdigheter, värderingar och etik. För det andra krävs det mer generiska kompetenser som är gemensamma för alla i teamet, så kallade kärnkompetenser. Palliativ vård innebär att förbättra patientens livskvalitet genom att lindra symtom. Den varken påskyndar eller skjuter upp döden, men den integrerar psykologiska och andliga aspekter av patientvård. Palliativ vård betyder att man med engagemang och omtanke försöker åstadkomma bästa möjliga lindrade behandling.  Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenheter och upplevelser av palliativ vård. Metod En systematisk litteraturundersökning genomfördes för att besvara syftet med en kvalitativ studiedesign. PubMed och CINAHL användes för databassökningar. 15 artiklar valdes, varav 10 av dessa artiklar användes i resultatdelen. Resultat I resultatdelen framkom sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av den palliativa vården och deras upplevelser av kommunikation med patienter, anhöriga och vårdpersonal. Dessutom framkom sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av den medicinska utrustningen samt stöd och samarbete. Slutsats Sjuksköterskorna uttryckte olika känslomässiga upplevelser av den palliativa vården. Sjuksköterskorna blev känslomässigt involverade när de vårdade de döende patienterna, särskilt när de hade vårdat patienterna under en längre tid och när de hade fått lära känna patienten och familjen. Sjuksköterskorna ansåg att brist på tid var ett hinder för att lyssna och kommunicera med patienterna. Vissa sjuksköterskor upplevde stolthet över sitt arbete och de tyckte att det var en unik möjlighet att vara inblandade i patienternas sista tid i livet. / Background: Nurses care for patients countinuely and create relationships with patients and relatives. To provide good care requires firstly, professional knowledge in the form of subject knowledge, personal skills, values ​​and ethics. Secondly, more generic competencies are required that are common to everyone in the team, called core competencies. Palliative care involves improving the patient's quality of life by relieving symptoms. It neither accelerates nor postpones death, but it integrates psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care. Palliative care means that you try to achieve the best possible palliative treatment with commitment and care. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to shed light on the nurse's experiences and experiences of palliative care. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to answer the purpose of a qualitative study design. PubMed and CINAHL were used for database searches. 15 articles were selected, of which 10 of these articles were used in the results section. Results: In the results section, the nurses' experiences of palliative care and their experiences of communication with patients, relatives and care staff emerged. In addition, the nurses' experiences of the medical equipment as well as support and cooperation emerged. Conclusion The nurses expressed different emotional experiences of palliative care. The nurses became emotionally involved when caring for the dying patients, especially when they had cared for the patients for a long time and when they had gotten to know the patient and the family. The nurses considered that lack of time was an obstacle to listening and communicating with the patients. Some nurses felt proud of their work and they thought it was a unique opportunity to be involved in the patients' last days in life.

The aim of the study was to explore the sources concerning musical perspectives about performance anxiety and their influence on musicians. Since this study is a review of the available literature on this topic, I used mainly books, articles and reported case studies. The problems encountered while writing this dissertation were the lack of material available on the subject of using music to deal with musicians who suffer from performance anxiety. Musicians listen to music differently from non-musicians, and therefore, when using music to deal with their performance anxiety, a different approach would have to be used. In this dissertation four main perspectives of music and their relationship to performance anxiety are discussed. My general conclusion is that, although each theory sees performance anxiety through a different light, they all have the same general thinking about performance anxiety. Performance anxiety has to be dealt with separately and differently with each musician. Unfortunately there is no set pattern or plan that can be set down to alleviate performance anxiety. However, common symptoms and useful ways to deal with them are discussed. One very important point that I realised early on in my dissertation, was that performance anxiety has to be dealt with at an early age. Young musicians often suffer severely from performance anxiety. If this can be recognised early in musicians’ careers, they will start to learn to cope with the symptoms; it will become part of their learning process as musicians. I feel that there could be a more open approach to performance anxiety. Performance anxiety is often seen as a sign of weakness and is therefore often not discussed openly. The music therapist Pixie Holland says that people with a lot of stress in their lives are often not willing to admit that they have a problem coping with stress. Therefore, the first step to dealing with performance anxiety is for musicians to admit that they suffer from it and cannot cope with it by themselves. I recommend to musicians to read as much as possible about the subject of performance anxiety. The more one knows what happens while suffering from performance anxiety, the easier it might be to deal with it. Even though there is much documentation and literature available on the subject of using music to relieve anxiety and stress, there was only a small amount available on the specific use of music to relieve musicians’ performance anxiety. I therefore recommend further study on the effects of music on performance anxiety that musicians suffer in a musical performance situation. Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / unrestricted

The study aimed to investigate how homeless people in Gävle municipality experience the remedial actions to stop homelessness. Eight homeless individuals, four acutely homeless and four living in municipal shelters, were interviewed for the purpose of thisresearch. The results show that the experiences of remedial actions are linked to the situation of homelessness; the majority of the interviewees, however, do not consider they receive adequate help from the social services, although they feel satisfied with the actions from the non-profit organisations. The theoretical analysis shows that insufficient efforts or lack of actions can lead to homeless people experiencing social exclusion. Finally, the results show that the interviewees wish for remedial actions that result directly in housing and thus life change. This supports the previous research that showed that similar actions are compatible with the well-being and the possibility of reintegration into society. / Studien syftade till att undersöka hur hemlösa i Gävle kommun upplever att de åtgärdande insatserna mot hemlöshet fungerar. Åtta individer som lever i hemlöshet intervjuades, varav fyra akut hemlösa samt fyra som bor på kommunala stödboenden. Resultaten visar att upplevelser av insatser är kopplade till situation av hemlöshet, dock upplever majoriteten att de inte får adekvat hjälp av socialtjänst. Vidare uppgav samtliga hemlösa att de är nöjda över de ideella insatserna från den öppna verksamheten. Utifrån den teoretiska analysen visar det sig bland annat att brister och avsaknad av insatser kan leda till att hemlösa upplever social exklusion. Resultaten visar avslutningsvis att de hemlösa önskar insatser som direkt leder till eget boende för att kunna göra en livsförändring. Detta överensstämmer med tidigare forskning som visar på att liknande insatser är förenligt med välbefinnande och möjlighet till återintegrering i samhället.

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's perspectives related to their experiences in child care. Researchers used individual interviews and drawings in an early childhood program in Denmark and one in the United States as the basis for examining children's perspectives on their everyday lives in child care. Observations documented the everyday cultural practices for the children in the two child care centers and provided a foundation for interpreting the interviews and the drawings. The information collected was analyzed to determine what aspects of child care young children like best and least, as well as their thoughts on the adults and peers in their center.

Many U.S. adolescents suffer from sleep disorders. Although poor sleep habits may contribute to health issues, less is known about how parental perspectives influence sleep health in adolescents. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to address a knowledge gap in understanding parental views to promote better sleep habits in adolescents. The blended theoretical framework included the theories of caring science, social learning, advocacy paradigm, and repair and restoration of sleep. Twenty parents in the Southeastern United States participated in open-ended interviews. Research questions were designed to elicit parental perspectives about recognizing unhealthy sleep habits, improving daily sleep health routines, and identifying conditions that led to consultation with health professionals. Colaizzi's data analysis strategy demonstrated thematic parental reports of declines in attitudes, behaviors, and performances as factors for recognizing unhealthy sleep habits; consistent and routine schedules as options for promoting improved sleep habits; and irregular sleep or health problems as reasons for consultation with health professionals. Recommendations for future research include exploring other geographical locations and investigating school bus schedules interfering with early morning sleep loss. To affect positive social change, dissemination of this study's findings to health practitioners may influence enhanced provider-patient communications and ultimately contribute to improved sleep habits among adolescents. Additionally, this study's findings may inform health care administrators with strategies to develop effective parent and provider education programs while reducing unnecessary health services' utilization and resulting costs for adolescent health.

Problem Statement Residency programs that emphasize clinical reasoning and manual therapy can provide a means to optimize the outcomes of physical therapy without the need for or access to expensive equipment. The residency format of continuing education could allow physical therapists in developing countries access to specialty training and ongoing mentorship. However, there are limited studies that investigate the influence of residency training on the progression of clinical reasoning, professional development, and career advancement. Purpose The purpose of this study was threefold. The first objective was to describe the outcome of a post-graduate orthopaedic manual therapy residency program on development of knowledge and clinical reasoning skills by physical therapists in Nairobi, Kenya. The second objective was to explore the influence of the residency program on the participants’ professional development and career advancement. The last objective was to explore the residency experience from participants’ perspectives. Methodology This mixed methods study utilized a sample of convenience that included residents in the third (n=14) and fourth (n=13) cohorts of the orthopaedic manual therapy residency program in Kenya. Data collection included an assessment of clinical reasoning through a live patient examination, a survey on professional and career development, and qualitative interviews. Results There was a significant improvement in clinical reasoning development as measured by an assessment of a live patient examination (p Discussion The residency program in Nairobi, Kenya may serve as a framework for the formation of post-graduate education programs in other developing countries. The development of residency programs that can influence the ability of physical therapists to provide treatment efficiently and effectively may ultimately assist in serving community physical therapy needs.

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