The most recent Finnish national curriculum for basic education was implemented starting from 2016. The curriculum calls for the development of learners’ transversal competences, which are built on the broader discourse on 21st century skills and challenges. Phenomenon-based learning, as a multidisciplinary approach, was formulated to address the new Finnish curriculum, in order to help regular subject teaching to tackle the transversal competences. As an artist, art educator and researcher, my interest was directed towards the understanding of phenomenon-based learning from an art-educational perspective. Therefore, this study brings insights from art education to phenomenon-based learning, in order to open a discussion on the following questions: where do art education and phenomenon-based learning meet? And following, how could teachers and learners benefit from this encounter? A post-structuralist view on art education forms the researcher’s perspective within the study. Methodologically, a post-structural positioning was also taken, relying on the a/r/tographical approach. A/r/tography is a performative arts-based research methodology that recognizes the complexity of situations and articulates in-between them. An arts-based workshop worked as a platform for exploration. Framed within a phenomenon-based project, the workshop was conducted in collaboration with a class of 6th graders and their teacher, in the City of Espoo, Finland. The a/r/tographical toolkit, built on visual and performative ethnography, worked alongside workshopping as methods of data collection and being with the material. The collected data include: visual and written field notes, video recordings, audio recordings, a written questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Performing the material through theory revealed that art education and phenomenon-based learning meet in the concepts of multidisciplinarity and engagement, through different entanglements. The study suggests that the encounter between art education and phenomenon-based learning could benefit teachers and learners in different ways. In addition, the situation experienced in this study holds some interesting challenges that leave space for further developments.

The occurrence of enclosed neighbourhoods has become a common phenomenon in South African cities from the early 1990’s as a direct impact of crime rates and the fear of crime. While the enclosure of neighbourhoods provide an immediate (temporary) solution to combatting crime within existing neighbourhoods, a number of (unintentional) socio-physical and spatial consequences occur. Numerous research have been done to establish the social implications of enclosed neighbourhoods in South African cities, including the City of Tshwane, while very little research have been done to establish the physical impacts of enclosed neighbourhoods on the urban form, its impact on the transport patterns or travel behaviour and consequently the increased greenhouse gas levels being emitted into the atmosphere. This study establishes the occurrence and extent of enclosed neighbourhoods within the City of Tshwane to create a generic classification system to establish the practical impact of enclosed neighbourhoods on urban form. In-depth case studies into two enclosed neighbourhoods and a neighbourhood located adjacent to an enclosed neighbourhood were conducted to examine the impact(s) of these neighbourhoods on transport patterns, travel behaviour and greenhouse gas emissions. An overview of movement networks and an investigation of the influence of the built environment versus self-selection were launched to gain insight into the different factors that might contribute to travel behaviour in general, in addition to neighbourhood enclosures and neighbourhood re-design. This brought forth the very important relationship between land use management, transport planning and the different governing bodies and policies. The ultimate results gained from the study of selected neighbourhoods clearly showed that a number of factors influence individual transport patterns and travel behaviour, such as self-selection, initial neighbourhood design and population growth. The study did however reveal that through enclosing neighbourhoods and altering its initial neighbourhood design and movement networks, travel behaviour, transport patterns and inevitably greenhouse gas emissions for the specific neighbourhoods and adjacent neighbourhoods will unavoidably change and thus impact negatively (in some ways) on the urban form. More specifically, the results gained from this study showed that those residing within and adjacent to enclosed neighbourhoods travel greater distances on an average day, compared to those who live in an ‘open’ neighbourhood. Consequently, the average household residing within an enclosed neighbourhood emit on average up to (approximately) 4600 g/km CO2 per day more than households residing in ‘open’ neighbourhoods, which result in enclosed neighbourhoods emitting up to 26% more CO2 than ‘open’ neighbourhoods. Despite these results, residents of these enclosed neighbourhoods believe that the enclosure of these once ‘open’ neighbourhoods do not affect their travel behaviour or any traffic congestion and proclaim that their number one priority is safety which they believe is achieved through the enclosure. / Dissertation (MTRP)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / gm2014 / Town and Regional Planning / unrestricted

This thesis is an attempt to reflect on the theme of phenomena and sensuous world in the context of environmentalism. It deals with the condemnation of phenomena in the modern era science and especially in the contemporary neo-Darwinian biology, and with various attempts at rehabilitation of sensory perception as a relevant way of relating to the world in biology (Adolf Portmann, Hans Driesch) and philosophy (phenomenology, particularly Maurice Merleau-Ponty). The main subject of the thesis is the eco- phenomenology of David Abram and a comparison of his approach with the one held by contemporary biology. Based on this comparison it is argued in what manner may the thoughts of David Abram, and the effort to rehabilitate phenomena in general, be of benefit to the environmental discourse, particularly in terms of forming an original epistemology and ontology and concerning the ethical motivations. KEYWORDS: Abram, phenomenon, environmentalism, neo-Darwinism, phenomenology, eco-phenomenology

This thesis aims to highlight the smock-dress within the context of Soviet-Estonia during the post-war epoch, ca. 1950s until 1990s. Through Mauss’s socio-anthropological tripoint view, the concepts and identities of the smock-dress are studied from the angles of biology, sociology and psychology. The intention is to show its widespread use amongst Soviet- Estonian women and their remembrance of it, in accordance with the Soviet ideological structures. Using semi-structured interviews, I have assembled oral history from women who attain this historical retrospective, aiming to depict the smock-dress as both a concept and an object, thus functioning as an emblem of Soviet society rather than a historical artefact. Relying on the terms nostalgia, socio-cultural belonging and phenomenology, I seek to capture the smock-dress as both a vestiary phenomenon and representation of social structures. Thus, creating a dual identity, individual and collective, through its usage, showing that sartorial fashion encompasses more than just emotions and promoted stylistics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate The Church of Sweden’s role in the society of Årjängs municipality and to make visible if and how new spiritual phenomena occurs in Nordmarken Parish. Previous research suggests that more research is needed regarding new spirtual phenomena (Frisk 2015). Previous research also shows that new spiritual related thoughts is rising in Sweden which in turn warrants more studies in the area (Löwendahl 2002). The methods used in this study will consist of participant observations and content analysis where the observations will be used for gathering data and content analysis to interpret said data. The results of the study show that new spiritual related elements do exist in Nordmarken Parish although not to any great extent. One reason for this seem to be the influence of the Corona virus leading to fewer new spiritual related activities than previous years. The study also shows that The Church of Sweden in Nordmarken Parish has a relatively prominent and visible role in the society of Årjängs municipality. The result in relation to previous studies does match with Jarnkvists (2017) presentation that The Church of Sweden play a large role in the life of many Swedes.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Over the 1ast eight years up to 1989, a new business phenomenon has manifested itself in South Africa. During this period, the so-ca 11ed "factory shop" concept has developed into one of the fastest growing industries in both the manufacturing and commercial sectors. In South Africa, factory shops have initially established in the Cape Peninsula.4,5. The nature of these shops is such that their creation may be attributed to the clothing industry itself ;" This trend originated in about 1980 at a few clothing manufacturers in Cape Town, inter alia, Desiree, Readywear, Atlantic Knitting Mills. Originally these factory shops were open for limited hours, I usually over lunch-time and on only one Saturday per month. They were strictly limited to and for the sole benefit of I the staff of those firms. Gradually, however, family and later friends and acquaintances of these staff members became aware of the so-called bargain prices at these stores. Both supply and demand played important roles in the development of factory shops. For example, increasing pressure on management to supply larger quantities of these merchandise items at bargain prices, as well as the fact that clothing factories had excess stock which was difficult to clear through the normal distribution channels. Factory owners recognized and seized this opportunity to reduce stock at little additional cost. From their inception, factory shops have had a significant influence on the turnover and profitability of the retail clothing industry. This trend is documented in reports by the organ i zed trade, 7 ,B where reference has been made to the influence of these factory shops and where independent clothing retailers have been calling for a plan of action for protect i on against the encroachment by these factory shops on their (the clothing retailers') markets. However, up to that stage, no in-depth study or formal research was done to justify such action for protection. The ref 0reitwa s felt that" An empirical stud y of the development of factory shops in the clothing industry in the Cape Peninsula" was needed to acquire an objective view of the state of affairs.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18285号 / 工博第3877号 / 新制||工||1595(附属図書館) / 31143 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木本 恒暢, 教授 藤田 静雄, 准教授 掛谷 一弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20578号 / 工博第4358号 / 新制||工||1677(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 木村 俊作, 教授 瀧川 敏算, 教授 秋吉 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om rytmiklärares upplevelser och erfarenheter av fe- nomenet rytmik. Det teoretiska perspektiv som ligger till grund för arbetet är det fenomenolo- giska perspektivet, som fokuseras kring det som framträder och visar sig utifrån rytmiklärarnas egna upplevelser och erfarenheter i rytmik. Den tidigare forskningen redogör för forskning om barns musikaliska uttryck genom rörelse, användningen av rytmikmetoden i instrument- och sångundervisning, effekterna av rytmikmetoden för barn i tidig ålder samt kropp, görande och varande i musik. Insamlingen av material har gjorts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer i vilka utbildade rytmiklärare fått dela sina upplevelser och erfarenheter av rytmik. Intervjuerna har spelats in och transkriberats samt analyserats utifrån tematisk analys med fenomenologisk grund. Resultatet lyfter fram fem teman utifrån hur rytmiklärarna upplever rytmikmetoden, det omätbara, att våga pröva det oprövade, ett rörligt och polariserande ideal, att så ett frö och helheten. I resultatet framkommer bland annat att rytmik ska förstås och upplevas praktiskt genom kropp och känslor på golvet, genom ett cirkulärt helhetstänk där övergångarna mellan moment är lika viktiga som momenten i sig. I diskussionen relateras studiens resultat till tidi- gare forskning och belyser musikalisk förståelse genom kroppsrörelse, en personlig rytmikme- tod, distinktionen mot annan musikundervisning, samt rytmikens metodik. / This study aims to increase the understanding of eurhythmic teaching practices trough the ex- periences of eurhythmic teachers. Drawing on a phenomenological perspective, the research focuses on what emerges from these experiences, as teachers share their insights on eurhyth- mics. Previous studies have explored the impact of eurhythmic teaching on children’s musical expression, instrument and vocal training and the role of the body in a musical learning. Using a phenomenological perspective, the conducted semi-structured interviews with experiences of eurhythmic teachers were analyzed thematically. Key findings illustrate how teachers experi- ence eurhythmics, including the immeasurable, to dare to try the unknown, and entirety. More- over, the findings highlight the importance of practical, embodied experiences of eurhythmics, with a focus on transitions between moments as well as the moments themselves. Discussion of the results situates them in the context of previous research, emphasizing the role of body movement in musical understanding and the unique characteristics of eurhythmic methodology.

Social exclusion in higher education can occur at multiple levels (e.g., systemic, institutional, interpersonal, individual), and individuals simultaneously hold multiple social identities that could influence their perceptions of academic climate. The current study utilized a mixed-methods convergent parallel design to explore the impact of multiple social identities, perceptions of academic climate, and the imposter phenomenon among psychology students. In the quantitative portion, participants (N = 142) completed an online survey related to gender centrality, academic climate, and imposter phenomenon. Gender group comparisons revealed that cisgender men indicated poorer perceptions of climate than cisgender women and gender minorities, but imposter phenomenon was higher among cisgender women and gender minorities than cisgender men. However, perceived academic climate did not mediate the relationship between gender and the imposter phenomenon nor did gender centrality moderate the indirect path of gender on imposter phenomenon through perceived academic climate. In the qualitative portion, participants (N = 14) provided insight, through semi-structured interviews, on the connectedness of perceived academic climate and imposter phenomenon based on the culmination of their multiple social identities. Six themes were identified through reflexive thematic analyses (1) benefits of psychology; 2) barriers of psychology; 3) privileged perspective; 4) stereotypic view of psychology; 5) imposter phenomenon connections; 6) enhancing and maintaining success). Integrated findings suggest a power shift within the context of psychology as individuals that hold traditionally subordinate social identities reported positive perceptions of academic climate, while individuals that hold traditionally dominant social identities perceived academic climate more poorly. However, positive perceptions of academic climate failed to combat the internalization of negative societal stereotypes of those in traditionally subordinate groups, which was associated with experiences of the imposter phenomenon. Future directions and implications for translating findings are discussed.