Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur le placement et l’ordonnancement d’applications de flots de données. On se place dans le contexte de plates-formes composées de processeurs sujets à des pannes. Dans une première partie, on considère un type particulier d’applications de flots de données: les services filtrants. On étudie l'ordonnancement de telles applications sur des plates-formes homogènes et hétérogènes, d'abord sans tenir compte des coûts de communication, puis en les incluant dans le modèle. On considère enfin l’ordonnancement d’un tel calcul sur une chaîne de processeurs. Le comportement d’un service filtrant est comparable à celui d’un calcul effectué sur un processeur non fiable: certains résultats vont être calculés, et d’autres perdus. On étudie le modèle des pannes transitoires. On veut effectuer un calcul à la fois fiable et efficace. La complexité de différentes variantes de ce problème est démontrée. Deux heuristiques sont décrites, puis comparées expérimentalement. Si les pannes transitoires sont les pannes les plus fréquemment rencontrées sur des grilles de calculs classiques, certains types de plates-formes rencontrent d’autres types de défaillances. Les grilles de volontaires sont particulièrement instables. Sur ce type de plate-forme, on veut exécuter des calculs itératifs. Cette application est constituée soit de tâches indépendantes, soit de tâches couplées, qui doivent être calculées ensemble et au même rythme. Dans chaque cas, le problème est d’abord étudié théoriquement, puis des heuristiques sontproposées, et leur performances sont comparées. / This thesis deals with the mapping and the scheduling of workflows. In this context, we consider unreliable platforms, with processors subject to failures. In a first part, we consider a particular model of streaming applications : the filtering services. In this context, we aim at minimizing period and latency. We first neglect communication costs. In this model, we study scheduling problems on homogeneous and heterogeneous platforms. Then, the impact of communication costs on scheduling problems of a filtering application is studied. Finally, we consider the scheduling problem of such an application on a chain of processors. The theoretical complexity of any variant of this problem is proved. This filtering property can model the reliability of processors. The results of some computations are successfully computed, and some other ones are lost. We consider the more frequent failure types : transient failures. We aim efficient and reliable schedules. The complexity of many variants of this problem is proved. Two heuristics are proposed and compared using using simulations. Even if transient failures are the most common failures in classical grids, some particular type of platform are more concerned by other type of problems. Desktop grids are especially unstable. In this context, we want to execute iterative applications. All tasks are executed, then a synchronization occurs, and so on. Two variants of this problem are considered : applicationsof independent tasks, and applications where all tasks need to be executed at same speed. In both cases, the problem is first theoretically studied, then heuristics are proposed and compared using simulations.

Um dos aspectos fundamentais do projeto estrutural de plataformas flutuantes para produção de petróleo no mar é a determinação dos carregamentos externos globais provenientes da ação das ondas sobre a estrutura da plataforma. A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta de procedimento destinado à determinação experimental, em tanque de provas, dos carregamentos estruturais globais atuantes em uma plataforma de exploração e produção de petróleo do tipo semi-submersível. O procedimento proposto envolve as seguintes etapas: especificação do tipo de esforço que se pretende medir; definição das condições de ensaio; definição da escala dos modelos; escolha do processo construtivo dos modelos; especificação do processo de medida dos esforços; definição dos equipamentos e instrumentos de medida experimental; especificação da matriz de ensaios; definição dos procedimentos de análise de resultados. Como exemplo de aplicação, o procedimento proposto foi empregado na avaliação dos esforços de Momento Fletor no Convés e Força de Separação nos Flutuadores de uma Plataforma Semi-submersível padrão, empregada para validação de resultados em tanques de prova. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os da literatura, mostrando uma boa aderência qualitativa e quantitativa. / One of the fundamental aspects in the structural design of floating platforms for oil production in the sea is the determination of the global structural loads induced by the wave-platform structure interaction. This master degree thesis proposes a procedure destined to the experimental determination, in a wave tank, of the global structural loads acting in an exploration and production semi-submersible oil platform. The proposed procedure involve the following stages: Specifying the kind of stress to be measured; definition of the test conditions; model scale definition; choosing the model building process; stress measurement process specification; definition of resources and instrumentation for experimental measurement; test matrix specification; results analysis procedure definition. As an application example, the proposed procedure was used in the bending moment stress evaluation on deck and split force on the pontoons of a standard semi-submersible oil platform, used for the results evaluation in wave tanks. The results obtained were compared with the literature, showing a good qualitative and quantitative adhesion.

Submitted by Danilo Cavallieri-de-Oliveira (danilosenen@gmail.com) on 2018-05-14T20:06:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 180313DissertaçãoDSCOvffsent.pdf: 1907936 bytes, checksum: ed2fa17510013b1a651ad18d4b0119df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-16T19:31:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 180313DissertaçãoDSCOvffsent.pdf: 1907936 bytes, checksum: ed2fa17510013b1a651ad18d4b0119df (MD5) / Rejected by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Danilo, Rejeitamos a sua submissão pois o nome do autor foi alterado na ficha catalográfica, sendo assim é necessário fazer a correção e submeter o arquivo novamente. Por gentileza utilizar a ficha enviada pela biblioteca inserindo nela apenas o número de folhas do seu trabalho. Quaisquer dúvidas entrar em contato com o telefone 11 3799-7732. 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No. of bitstreams: 1 180313DissertaçãoDSCOvffsent.pdf: 1890653 bytes, checksum: 76d0e733d4ccf4c138d6c56f736fe490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / O presente estudo visa responder à pergunta de pesquisa: 'Como ocorre o processo de implantação de uma plataforma digital de pagamentos, desenvolvida por uma fintech, que visa promover a inclusão financeira?'. Para isso, foi analisado o caso do CUFA Card, plataforma digital de pagamentos implantada na favela Parque União, parte do Complexo da Maré no Rio de Janeiro, e na comunidade de Heliópolis, em São Paulo. Compõem o presente trabalho uma revisão de literatura, que nos permite compreender como as fintechs podem ser uma oportunidade para se promover a inclusão financeira; e um estudo de caso, onde foram realizadas entrevistas com os grupos sociais envolvidos na criação ou implantação dessa plataforma, as quais foram transcritas, codificadas e analisadas utilizando o software Atlas TI©. Como principal contribuição, temos a análise de como ocorre a implantação de uma plataforma digital de pagamentos, que visa promover a inclusão financeira a luz da implantação do CUFA Card, bem como com a descrição de como ocorreu a articulação entre diferentes grupos sociais para viabilização do projeto e explicitação do conteúdo resultante da implantação dessa tecnologia, a qual é derivada da parceria entre a fintech Conta Um e a organização FHolding/CUFA. Para isso utilizou-se do multilevel framework de Pozzebon, Diniz e Jayo (2009), uma teoria nativa do campo de sistemas da informação, que possibilitou um melhor entendimento sobre o caso estudado, ao analisar, concomitantemente, aspectos tecnológicos e sociais da implantação dessa da plataforma em um dado contexto onde essa está sendo inserida. O estudo contribui também com a geração de insights para pesquisas futuras e para a prática, ao estudar a relação entre fintechs e inclusão financeira, um tema ainda incipiente na literatura, e ao analisar o processo de implantação da plataforma de pagamento, destacando questões cruciais desse processo. / The present study aims to answer the research question: 'How does the process of implementing a digital payments platform, developed by a fintech, that aims to pro-mote financial inclusion occurs?'. For that, was analyzed the case of CUFA Card, a digital payment platform implemented in the Parque União favela, part of the Com-plexo da Maré in Rio de Janeiro, and in the community of Heliópolis, in São Paulo. The present work compiles a literature review, which allows us to understand how fintechs can be an opportunity to promote financial inclusion; and a case study where interviews were conducted with the social groups involved in the creation or imple-mentation of this platform, that were transcribed, coded and analyzed using Atlas TI © software. As a main contribution, we have the analysis on how this process occurs in the light of the CUFA Card implementation, as well as describing how the articulation between different social groups occurred to project feasibility and explicit content resulting from the implementation of this technology, which is derived from the partnership between the fintech Conta Um and the FHolding /CUFA organization. The work also brings as contributions the articulation of the multilevel framework, by Pozzebon, Diniz and Jayo (2009) and which is native to the information systems field, that made possible a better understanding of the case studied, while simultaneously analyzing technological and social aspects of the implementation of this platform in a given context where it is being inserted. It also contributes to the generation of in-sights for future research and practice, studying the relationship between fintechs and financial inclusion, a still incipient topic in the literature, and analysing the implementation process of a payment platform, highlighting what is the crucial issues in this process.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-14T13:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Santos Folhadela.pdf: 1459605 bytes, checksum: 79317b19bbc4d964297140fb515b7b54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-14T19:42:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Santos Folhadela.pdf: 1459605 bytes, checksum: 79317b19bbc4d964297140fb515b7b54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-14T19:48:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Santos Folhadela.pdf: 1459605 bytes, checksum: 79317b19bbc4d964297140fb515b7b54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-14T19:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Santos Folhadela.pdf: 1459605 bytes, checksum: 79317b19bbc4d964297140fb515b7b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / SUFRAMA - Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus / This work has the predominant goal of demonstrate, through the experience registered in two projects of Fishculture in the Amazon State, that strategies praised for the Program of Technological Platforms and the Local Productive Arrangements - LPAs, lead appropriate technological solutions to the existing restriction in the productive chains, besides the application of these strategies here in Amazon region, can promote the sustainable exploitation of the natural resources. As complementary goal, it intends to analyze and show, under the cover of regional development, the registered experiences, the appropriate solutions identified, working as a catalyzer of new projects in the most diverse segments of the local economy, using the resources of knowledge sharing throughout the process, to foment the synergy generated by actors in order to get solutions, demonstrating that, when the institutions undress itself of its vanities the generated solution is bigger than the expected. Finally, salient the necessity of systematization of all the process. The work puts in evidence a base of theoretic sustentation that pass over concepts of "growth poles", "cumulative circle causation", "growth not balanced" and the Industrial Districts, Innovative Clusters, Environments, Industrial Organizations, Technological Platforms, Local Productive Arrangements, Productive and Innovative Local Systems and Sustainable Development, working as to be based upon in comparison. This universe contemplates the questions of "how" can be generated appropriate knowledge for the promotion of the regional development through the Platforms and of the LPAs, becoming visible the results of the studied experiments, in order to reflect in the others segments not yet contemplated. On the other hand, the work looks for to answer to "why" the necessity of application of these strategies for the sprouting of a process of creation of fishes that supplies the alimentary lack of the peripheral populations, aiming to promotes the generation of excesses of production, generating jobs and income and small new businesses. At the end, the work call together the organized society to keep itself connected and strong politicalyl, to make valid the identified strategies, seriousness in the management of the public issues, affinity of intentions and the belief of that, only through the people and by the knowledge generated for Science, Technology and Innovation, the society can be rewarded to a better quality of life. / Este trabalho tem como premissa predominante, demonstrar, através da experiência registrada em dois projetos de Piscicultura no Estado do Amazonas, que as estratégias preconizadas pelo Programa Plataformas Tecnológicas e Arranjos Produtivos Locais – APLs, conduzem a soluções tecnológicas apropriadas aos gargalos existentes nas cadeias produtivas, e que, a aplicação destas estratégias, aqui na região Amazônica, podem promover o aproveitamento sustentável dos recursos naturais. Como premissa complementar, procura analisar, para poder relatar, sob a ótica do desenvolvimento regional, as experiências registradas, as soluções apropriadas identificadas, de forma a potencializar o surgimento de novos projetos nos mais diversos segmentos da economia local, via a divulgação do conhecimento gerado ao longo do processo, salientando a sinergia gerada entre os atores na busca de soluções, demonstrando que, quando as instituições se despem de suas vaidades, a soma das contribuições particulares agregadas às soluções é bem maior do que o todo esperado. Por fim, salienta a necessidade de sistematização de todo o processo. O trabalho explicita uma base de sustentação teórica que navega nos conceitos de “pólos de crescimento”, de “causação circular cumulativa”, o de “crescimento não equilibrado” e dos Distritos Industriais, “Clusters”, Ambientes Inovadores, Organizações Industriais, Plataformas Tecnológicas, Arranjos Produtivos Locais, Sistemas Produtivos e Inovativos Locais e o de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para fundamentar todo um universo de comparações. Este universo contempla as questões de “como” podem ser gerados conhecimentos apropriados necessários para a promoção do desenvolvimento regional através das Plataformas e dos APLs, tornando visíveis os resultados dos experimentos estudados, para que possam refletir nos demais segmentos ainda não contemplados. Por outro lado, o trabalho procura responder ao “por que” da necessidade de aplicação destas estratégias para o surgimento de um processo de criação de peixes que supra a carência alimentar das populações periféricas, promova a geração de excedentes, gere empregos e renda e ainda pequenos novos negócios. O trabalho conclui convocando a sociedade organizada a exigir vontade política, para fazer valer as estratégias identificadas, seriedade na gestão da “coisa pública”, afinidade de propósitos e a crença de que, somente através das pessoas, do conhecimento gerado pela Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, se pode premiar a sociedade, a um patamar mais elevado de qualidade de vida.

Submitted by Gilmara Espino (gilmara.espino@gpes.com.br) on 2018-06-13T23:25:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-14T00:56:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-06-14T17:09:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T17:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-13 / Avaliar a atratividade de um mercado é fundamental em decisões sobre investimento em uma determinada empresa ou segmento de negócio. Setores específicos requerem conhecimentos particulares, nem sempre percebidos em estudos de viabilidade conduzidos com base em premissas generalistas. Recentemente, um súbito crescimento da oferta de novas empresas de economia compartilhada competindo como plataformas de agendamento de consultas médicas fez levantar a questão sobre a atratividade desse negócio para o mercado de saúde. Esse estudo apresenta os fatores sociais, econômicos e tecnológicos que explicam essa intensificação de competidores e, também, as barreiras que ainda dificultam a expansão dessas plataformas no Brasil. Mais do que compreender o fenômeno, os resultados apresentam um cenário atual sobre o ambiente de saúde e percepção dos usuários. É, portanto, conhecimento que pode ser aplicado a estudos de viabilidade de outros produtos ou serviços que desejam competir no segmento de saúde. A análise, embasada na literatura pesquisada e nos dados combinados de questionário dirigido, entrevista e cliente oculto, conclui pela tendência de arrefecimento do interesse em investimentos em empresas que atuem exclusivamente como plataformas de agendamento de consultas, e aponta para uma organização do mercado mais concentrada, com pequenos concorrentes diversificando seus produtos e serviços para se manterem competindo. / The assessment of a market attractiveness is critical when deciding to invest in a new company or business segment. Specific sectors require specific knowledge, not always perceived in feasibility studies conducted on generalist assumptions. Recently, a sudden expansion of sharing economy companies offering online scheduling medical platforms has raised the issue of this particular market. This study presents the social, economic and technological factors that explain the increase of competitors and also explore the existing market barriers that makes the diffusion of this kind of platform so difficult in Brazil. More than understanding the phenomenon, the outcome presents a current overview about the Brazilian health environment and the users’ perception. Therefore, it’s a knowledge that can be applied to feasibility studies of other products or services that wish to compete in the Health sector. The analysis based on evidence from researched literature, interviews, survey and observation (hidden customer) concludes in direction to the lessen of interest by investments in companies that act exclusively on online-scheduling medical platforms based on sharing economy; and point to a more concentrated market with fewer small competitors who need to diversify their products and services in order to keep themselves competitive.

This thesis study explores the existing knowledge management and sharing practices in donor organizations, particularly working in the developing countries. The potentional of knowledge management and sharing to facilitate development organizations in carrying out development work has been recognised in the literature. Literature presented mix of critique and appreciation to the existing efforts of donor agencies. Knowledge sharing platforms revolves around the country initiatives and donor agencies like UNDP and World Bank which are proactive in establishing these platforms for partner organizations. This research contributes practical insight to the question of delivery of these platforms, through an empirical investigation based on the development professionals' experiences. As earlier research shows enormous amount of literature on individual, team and organizational level knowledge sharing, this study sets prime focus on community level or external knowledge sharing, an area where there exist a dearth of emperical research or contributing literature on examing the role of sharing initiatives and possible contribution in improving risk management in development projects. Literature shows the potential of knowledge management and sharing practices, as their possible contribution in the global development practices and in bridging gap between North-South stakeholders. However, cultural, technological, organizational and individual level issues escalate with external level of knowledge sharing and thesis rightly, identifies success factors from the literature alongwith their viability from the professionals. It is even more inadequate when it comes to projects of donor organizations in under developed and developing countries. With 80% of documented failure rates of knowledge sharing systems, external knowledge sharing with partner organizations or network organizations is really not adequate and do not have supporting culture. As this whole process of sharing knowledge, heavily relies on the perceived motivation and willingness to share, study has tried to identify the challenges facing wider use of these sharing systems. Study also contributes with suggestions for knowledge management and sharing system developers, policy and decision makers and system users, to improve the overall contribution of knowledge sharing in better risk management. Apart from the cultural barriers, there are technical and policy level issues which need more concerted efforts to improve the use of these sharing systems by various organizations and individuals. / House No. 174-A, St. 61, I-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan Contact: +92-336-5666065, Email: noman-1985@hotmail.com

This research verifies how the sectors responsible for managing the information in the Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFES), here referred to university archives, are using the web as dissemination of their collections, its structures, and activities. This study aims to investigate the use of sites in the dissemination of archival services and distribution platforms and access in the disclosure of documentary heritage guarded by archives sectors of IFES in southern Brazil. The justification for the investigation comes from the fact of showing how the university archives can use the internet as a way of disseminating its collections and its services, dynamising the access to the information. In this sense, a theoretical reference was raised to support the objectives of the study, dealing with cultural and documentary heritage, information, dissemination of archival collections and services, access platforms, distribution and description of records, internet, website and website archival institutions, university and university archives. The contextualization of the IFES survey located in the setting of national policy archives, presenting the National System of Archives, the National Archives, the National Council on Archives and Records Management System Archives Federal Public Administration. It is a kind of applied research, descriptive, qualitative / quantitative, which was characterized as a case study. Data collection was carried out through form, which collected data from the information available on the pages of the archives sectors on the internet and questions directed to IFES submitted in the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service (e-SIC), the Executive Branch Federal. With this study it was found that: the creation of archives sectors is a reality in Federal Universities as most have structured archives services, while the Federal Institutes, mostly not yet constituted such plants; the use of websites by the IFES archives sector is still incipient because no Federal Institute using this tool, and the Universities few archives sectors provide web pages taking part in the Conarq's recommendations for building websites; the use of access platforms, dissemination and recordkeeping description is still not a reality in IFES, for no Federal Institute makes use of this tool and few Federal Universities have adopted the ICA-AtoM, a platform that provides access to and dissemination of heritage documentary. From the results of the survey were prepared Recommendations for the construction or restructuring Archives Sectors websites of Federal Institutions of Higher Education, which contains guidelines for IFES who need to create or adapt their websites. / A presente pesquisa verifica como os setores responsáveis por gerenciar a informação no ambiente das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), aqui denominados como arquivos universitários, estão utilizando a web como canal de divulgação de seus acervos, suas estruturas e atividades. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a utilização de sites na divulgação dos serviços arquivísticos e plataformas de difusão e acesso na divulgação do patrimônio documental custodiado pelos Setores de Arquivo das IFES da Região Sul do Brasil. A justificativa para esta investigação advém do fato de mostrar como os arquivos universitários podem utilizar a internet como forma de difundir seus acervos e seus serviços, dinamizando o acesso à informação. Nesse sentido, levantou-se referencial teórico para embasar os objetivos do estudo, tratando sobre o patrimônio cultural e documental, informação, difusão dos acervos e serviços arquivísticos, plataformas de acesso, difusão e descrição de documentos de arquivo, internet, website e websites de instituições arquivísticas, universidade e arquivos universitários. A contextualização da pesquisa situa as IFES no cenário da política nacional de arquivos, apresentando o Sistema Nacional de Arquivos, o Arquivo Nacional, o Conselho Nacional de Arquivos e o Sistema de Gestão de Documentos de Arquivo da Administração Pública Federal. É uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, descritiva, quali/quantitativa, que caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de formulário, que levantou dados a partir das informações disponíveis nos websites dos Setores de Arquivo na internet e questões direcionadas às IFES submetidas no Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC), do Poder Executivo Federal. Com este estudo constatou-se que: a constituição de Setores de Arquivo é uma realidade nas universidades federais, pois a maioria possui serviços de arquivo estruturados, enquanto que os institutos federais, em sua maioria, ainda não constituíram essas unidades; a utilização de websites pelos Setores de Arquivo das IFES ainda é incipiente, pois nenhum instituto federal se utiliza dessa ferramenta, e nas universidades poucos Setores de Arquivo disponibilizam websites atendendo em parte as recomendações do Conarq para construção de websites; a utilização de plataformas de acesso, difusão e descrição de documentos de arquivo ainda não é uma realidade nas IFES, pois nenhum instituto federal faz uso dessa ferramenta e poucas universidades federais adotaram o ICA-AtoM, plataforma que proporciona o acesso e a difusão do patrimônio documental. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, foram elaboradas as Recomendações para a construção ou reestruturação de websites de Setores de Arquivo de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, onde constam orientações às IFES que necessitarem criar ou adequar seus sites na internet.

Cette étude sur les projets open data dans les collectivités locales vise à associer, dans une approche globale, les modes de production et de collecte de données, les méthodes de diffusion et les dispositifs utilisés, et enfin les modèles d’usage des données publiques numériques. Partant de l’hypothèse que l’open data donne lieu à une nouvelle distribution des rôles des acteurs impliqués tout au long du processus d’ouverture, nous avons distingué un positionnement dynamique des acteurs qui ne se limite pas à une étape du processus d’ouverture des données - que ce soit de réflexion, production, de diffusion, de promotion ou d’usage - ce qui crée un système mixte d’open data. L’étude du système d’offre des collectivités nous a amené à considérer son adéquation avec les besoins des utilisateurs. Nous avons montré que malgré les efforts de créer un système multi-acteur, la mise en oeuvre de l’identification et de la collecte des données est éclectique et instable et ne construit pas un processus solide de l’Open data. Malgré l’urgence suggérée par le contexte politique et sociétal, l’ouverture et le choix des données sont généralement déterminés par des considérations pragmatiques qui imposent une ouverture lente mais progressive sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité.Il s’agit aussi d’examiner les plateformes open data considérées comme des « dispositifs socio-techniques » émergeants du web social dans leurs aspects de médiations, partage, collaboration et de coproduction de données. Dans ce cadre, nos observations nous permettent de mettre en exergue, de questionner et d’analyser les plateformes open data dont leur architecture principale nous amènent à les qualifier «dispositifs socio-techniques ». Ils sont des outils sociaux car ils donnent lieu à des formes d’action. Autour d’un catalogue de jeux de données, il subsiste des espaces virtuels, des blogs, des forums d’interactions entre les producteurs et les réutilisateurs des données ouvertes. / The main purpose of this survey is to explore the process of implementation of open data projects at the local level. The main challenge in realization of any open data project is the engagement of different stakeholders. In this respect, we distinguish a dynamic positioning of stakeholders not limited to one stage of the process - whether during the first phase of reflections before launching the project, the data production, dissemination, promotion or use - creating a mixed system of open data. The study of data offer on open data platforms led us to consider its appropriateness to the needs of users. We have shown that despite the efforts to create a multi-player system, the implementation, identification and data collection is eclectic and unstable and not building a solid process of Open Data. Despite the urgency suggested by the political and societal context, openness and choice of data are generally determined by pragmatic considerations that impose a slow but gradual opening without claiming to be exhaustive. By analyzing open data platforms, this leads us to qualify them as "socio-technical tools" emerging from the social web in their aspects of mediation, sharing, collaboration and co-production data. They are social tools because they give rise to forms of action. Around a catalog of data sets, there are still virtual spaces, blogs, forums of interaction between producers and re-users of open data.

Enterprise Database Management Systems (DBMSs) have to contend with resource-intensive and time-varying workloads, making them well-suited candidates for migration to cloud plat-forms { specifically, they can dynamically leverage the resource elasticity while retaining affordability through the pay-as-you-go rental interface. The current design of database engine components lays emphasis on maximizing computing efficiency, but to fully capitalize on the cloud's benefits, the outlays of these computations also need to be factored into the planning exercise. In this thesis, we investigate this contemporary problem in the context of industrial-strength deployments of relational database systems on real-world cloud platforms. Specifically, we consider how the traditional metric used to compare query execution plans, namely response-time, can be augmented to incorporate monetary costs in the decision process. The challenge here is that execution-time and monetary costs are adversarial metrics, with a decrease in one entailing a rise in the other. For instance, a Virtual Machine (VM) with rich physical resources (RAM, cores, etc.) decreases the query response-time, but is expensive with regard to rental rates. In a nutshell, there is a tradeoff between money and time, and our goal therefore is to identify the VM that others the best tradeoff between these two competing considerations. In our study, we pro le the behavior of money versus time for a given query, and de ne the best tradeoff as the \knee" { that is, the location on the pro le with the minimum Euclidean distance from the origin. To study the performance of industrial-strength database engines on real-world cloud infrastructure, we have deployed a commercial DBMS on Google cloud services. On this platform, we have carried out extensive experimentation with the TPC-DS decision-support benchmark, an industry-wide standard for evaluating database system performance. Our experiments demonstrate that the choice of VM for hosting the database server is a crucial decision, because: (i) variation in time and money across VMs is significant for a given query, (ii) no one VM offers the best money-time tradeoff across all queries. To efficiently identify the VM with the best tradeoff from a large suite of available configurations, we propose a technique to characterize the money-time pro le for a given query. The core of this technique is a VM pruning mechanism that exploits the property of partially ordered set of the VMs on their resources. It processes the minimal and maximal VMs of this poset for estimated query response-time. If the response-times on these extreme VMs are similar, then all the VMs sandwiched between them are pruned from further consideration. Otherwise, the already processed VMs are set aside, and the minimal and maximal VMs of the remaining unprocessed VMs are evaluated for their response-times. Finally, the knee VM is identified from the processed VMs as the one with the minimum Euclidean distance from the origin on the money-time space. We theoretically prove that this technique always identifies the knee VM; further, if it is acceptable to and a \near-optimal" knee by providing a relaxation-factor on the response-time distance from the optimal knee, then it is also capable of finding more efficiently a satisfactory knee under these relaxed conditions. We propose two favors of this approach: the first one prunes the VMs using complete plan information received from database engine API, and named as Plan-based Identification of Knee (PIK). On the other hand, to further increase the efficiency of the identification of the knee VM, we propose a sub-plan based pruning algorithm called Sub-Plan-based Identification of Knee (SPIK), which requires modifications in the query optimizer. We have evaluated PIK on a commercial system and found that it often requires processing for only 20% of the total VMs. The efficiency of the algorithm is further increased significantly, by using 10-20% relaxation in response-time. For evaluating SPIK , we prototyped it on an open-source engine { Postgresql 9.3, and also implemented it as Java wrapper program with the commercial engine. Experimentally, the processing done by SPIK is found to be only 40% of the PIK approach. Therefore, from an overall perspective, this thesis facilitates the desired migration of enterprise databases to cloud platforms, by identifying the VM(s) that offer competitive tradeoffs between money and time for the given query.

The aim of the master thesis is to assess frameworks that are used for development of multiplatform cell phone applications supported by HTML technology. The theoretical part is focused to current market analysis, mobile access issues and the issue of difficulties in specific cases of their application. Analysis is followed by choice of evaluation criteria for setting the most appropriate architecture. Selected evaluation criteria will be used as a tool for detecting of the optimal technology's possibility, which is the most appropriate possibility for development of basic cell phones applications. The practical part is focused to choosing of new evaluation criteria, which helps to create specific questionnaire research. The confirmation or refuse of the hypothesis set up the level of criteria's severity. Based on criteria there will be selected and analysed six of the most used hybrid frameworks. Two of the frameworks with the highest ratings will be tested by real basic cell phone application. The conclusion of the thesis will be follow up by tested frameworks. The frameworks will be described and measured by the author's development experiences.