In this thesis, I investigate idiom processing from two angles through three different studies. First, I approached idiom processing from a constraint-based perspective. According to this view, not all idioms are alike: they can differ regarding lexical, and linguistic characteristics, such as their level of familiarity. In this first study, I investigated the underlying processes during the comprehension of idioms with different characteristics. I used the Event Related Potential (ERP) technique, which has high temporal resolution, to investigate this issue. I provided evidence that idioms' characteristics impact their processing. More specifically, idioms which are more familiar to language users (i.e., the ones that are encountered more frequently) showed processing facilitation compared to less familiar idioms. Also, idioms with plausible literal interpretation showed processing advantages over idioms which are less likely to be interpreted literally. The second aim of the current thesis was to investigate idiom processing from an embodied account of language processing. According to this view, various sources of information (including linguistic, affective, and sensory-motor) are available and used during the comprehension of language. While, this view has become popular in many language processing studies, studies of idiom processing are still at the beginning of this journey. To be able to investigate idiom processing while considering the role of affective and sensory-motor factors, we require access to norming data. In the second (descriptive) study, I conducted a large-scale survey and collected measures of valence, arousal, concreteness, and imageability for a set of English idioms, by both native speakers of English and proficient second language speakers. In the last study, I explored how the emotional status of idioms and their concreteness contributes to their processing, and whether this contribution is modulated by idiom familiarity. We found that the impact of non-linguistic sources of information (affective and sensory-motor) is determined by idiom familiarity, such that low familiar and high familiar idioms show different behaviour where these factors are concerned. For highly familiar idioms, behaviour aligns with the findings on word processing: for example, idioms with more positive valence showed facilitative processing. Unlike highly familiar idioms, valence had an inhibitory impact on idioms with low familiarity level, such that greater valence increased the reading time.

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This study focuses on the previous beliefs of persons who are active in Jehovas Witnesses. It also focuses on the circumstances which made the person enter the organisation. Seven persons, four women and three men were subjects for my question in this study. The question formulations are as follows: How does the person’s previous beliefs look like? Are there any circumstances which may have made the person enter Jehovas Witnesses? How does the membership in the organisation give the person meaning?  The persons are all living in the area of Småland, in south of Sweden. The conclusion is that all of the informants have in some way expressed some sort of faith, weather it consists of a believe in God, a guardian angel or something else.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-01-31T19:39:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diogo Fraga Cruz - 2017.pdf: 2924236 bytes, checksum: 3403fbad56aedfcfd910f1ca3c4e958c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-02-01T10:24:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diogo Fraga Cruz - 2017.pdf: 2924236 bytes, checksum: 3403fbad56aedfcfd910f1ca3c4e958c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T10:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diogo Fraga Cruz - 2017.pdf: 2924236 bytes, checksum: 3403fbad56aedfcfd910f1ca3c4e958c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / This research seeks to understand the mobilization of historical consciousness and the attribution of plausibility in the relation with discourses of the public uses of the history of Afro-Brazilian. The research has as its source the narratives produced by students from a research instrument applied in the classroom. Another source is also observed: the discourses of public uses of the past taken to the research instruments that reconstruct events of the past related to African slavery in Brazil, the Brazilian miscegenation and the racial relations present in Quilombo de Palmares. From these discourses, the students are brought into contact with ideas about the relations of historical racial oppression, and are led to express themselves in relation to such discourses and ideas, as well as to try to relate these events in the past to the situation of the population Afro-Brazilian in the present. The work is produced according to the theoretical and methodological accumulation of didactics of history and historical education. / Este trabalho de pesquisa busca compreender a mobilização de consciência histórica e a atribuição de plausibilidade na relação com discursos dos usos públicos da história do afro-brasileiro. A pesquisa tem como fonte as narrativas produzidas por alunos a partir de um instrumental de pesquisa aplicado em sala de aula. Outra fonte também é observada: os discursos dos usos públicos do passado levados para o instrumental de pesquisa que reconstroem eventos do passado ligados a escravidão africana no Brasil, a miscigenação brasileira e as relações raciais presentes no Quilombo de Palmares. Os alunos pesquisados, a partir desses discursos, são postos em contato com ideias sobre as relações de opressão racial histórica, e são levados a se manifestarem com relação a tais discursos e ideias, além de experimentarem relacionar esses eventos no passado com a situação da população afro-brasileira no presente. O trabalho é produzido de acordo com o acúmulo teórico e metodológico da didática da história e da educação histórica.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-19T20:15:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:17:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar a presença da religião na experiência de combate e na memória dos brasileiros envolvidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para tanto, são considerados o percurso do serviço de assistência espiritual no Exército brasileiro, a formação de identidades baseadas nas experiências de guerra, muitas deles significadas religiosamente e por fim, a presença de símbolos religiosos e da tradição católica nos processos de construção de uma memória pública da FEB. Consideramos que os capelães da FEB, além de atuarem como mediadores espirituais entre as tropas representam também uma reconciliação institucional entre o Exército e Igreja católica. Por isso, foi necessário investigar o percurso das repartições de assistência espiritual no Exército brasileiro, com ênfase para os momentos de transformação desse serviço. Com a criação da FEB e sua participação no conflito temos a criação de identidades a partir das experiências de guerra dos soldados. Os relatos desses febianos destacam a importância do aspecto religioso na vivência dessas experiências limite e contribuem na construção de suas identidades. No pós-guerra a luta pelo reconhecimento dessas identidades leva à construção de uma memória pública da FEB, um processo seletivo que garante sentido ao passado vivido pelos soldados. / The present work aims at analyzing the presence of religion in combat experience and memory of Brazilians involved in the Second World War. Therefore, it is considered the route of the service of spiritual assistance in the Brazilian Army, the formation of identities based on the experiences of war, some of them meant religiously and finally, the presence of religious symbols and the Catholic tradition in the process of building a memory public BEF. This paper believes that the chaplains of the BEF act as mediators between the spiritual forces, and also represent reconciliation between the institutional Army and the Catholic Church. It was therefore necessary to investigate the route of the distributions of spiritual care in the Brazilian Army, with emphasis on moments of transformation of this service. With the creation of the BEF and its participation in the conflict have the establishment of identities, from the wartime experiences of soldiers. The febian reports the importance of the religious aspect of these experiences in living out and contribute to the construction of their identities. In the postwar struggle for recognition of these identities leads to the construction of a public memory of the BEF, a selection process that ensures sense of the past lived by the soldiers.

A development project was undertaken within the consortia formed by Polygon and AK-konsult. The aim of this project was to map out the impact of humidity leakages on the result of humidity measurements in concrete slabs according to the so-called RBK-method. It is behind the idea of this development project that the main purpose of this thesis can be derived from. For instance, an evaluation of already existing data material from a RBK-measurement has been done. A method has been retrieved in order to compare the trend of the measured values of the relative humidity with the trend of the expected values of the relative humidity during the drying process. The main goal has been to implement this method as an instrument to analyze the actual drying process. A survey study was undertaken among the employees of the consortia in order to point out the differences that arise during the installation of the measurement equipment prior to measurement according to the RBK-method. The result of the survey has been summarized and analyzed in purpose to catch a wider glimpse over the different kinds of variables that might have an impact on the result from a RBK-measurement. The outcome from the study of the existing measurement data shows that some of the measurement spots tends to dry out faster than the calculated drying process, while other spots indicates a slower drying process. Three of them actually pointed out that they were under humidity, which implies that they still hadn’t reached the stadium of moisture equilibrium with the concrete. The main reason behind the observed discrepancies might have its explanation in the fact that measurement wholes that have been subjected to a big humidity leakage. The consequence of measurement spots subjected to big humidity leakages, is that the measured value of the relative humidity turns out to be much lower than the actual level of the relative humidity in the concrete. An observation has been made in the plausibility analysis and in the Vaisalaproject that the normative equilibrium time exceeds the number of three days that’s been ordained by RBK. A further study of the normative equilibrium time can thereby be recommended to clarify if it still can be compatible with the different kinds of concrete classes of today.

Many critics of rational choice theory aim at unrealistic psychological assumption of this theory. To what extent is this kind of critic relevant? If we analyze the formalized scheme of choice than we will find difficult to interpret this scheme as psychological theory that develops intentional explanations. We should rather understand this theory as a theory developing causal explanations that are generated by the structure of surrounding. Intencionality in this theory is only a auxiliary tool and the explanation is made in terms of structure, not in terms of mental states. From this perspective most of the critic aim at wrong target.

Mon objectif dans ce mémoire est d’analyser le concept d’aletheia et ses critères chez Protagoras et Gorgias, les deux plus célèbres figures de la première sophistique. Nous connaissons leurs théories par le biais de leurs détracteurs, le plus célèbre d’entre eux étant Platon, ou, à l’inverse, d’auteurs plutôt sympathiques à leurs égards comme Sextus Empiricus. D’après ces doxographes, les deux sophistes et les sophistes de manière générale passent pour les défenseurs, en philosophie, d’un relativisme, d’un scepticisme, et même dans certains cas, d’un nihilisme. Par l’examen tout aussi minutieux qu’objectif de leurs œuvres on ne peut plus fragmentaires, je tente de dégager, chez les deux penseurs, une théorie de la vérité et de ses critères, qui fait l’économie des miroirs déformants platonicien et sceptique. / With this thesis, I intend to analyze the concept of aletheia and its criteria in Protagoras and Gorgias, the two renowned figures of the original Sophistic movement. We mostly know their theories through their detractors, the most famous of them being Plato. Conversely, many an author sympathetic to them such as Sextus Empiricus has also enlightened us on the matter. According to these doxographers, sophists, essentially, are advocates of relativism, skepticism and even nihilism in some cases. Through an objective and careful analysis of the works of these two scholars – their treatises being quite fragmentary – I will attempt to establish a theory of truth and its criteria while avoiding the pitfalls of a Platonic and skeptical distorted reflection.

In the last two decades, computing and storage technologies have experienced enormous advances. Leveraging these recent advances, AI is making the leap from traditional classification use cases to automation of complex systems through advanced machine learning and reasoning algorithms. While the literature on AI algorithms and applications of these algorithms in automation is mature, there is a lack of research on trustworthy AI, i.e. how different industries can trust the developed AI modules. AI algorithms are data-driven, i.e. they learn based on the received data, and also act based on the received status data. Then, an initial step in addressing trustworthy AI is investigating plausibility of the data that is fed to the system. In this work, we study the state-of-the-art data plausibility check approaches. Then, we propose a novel approach that leverages machine learning for an automated data plausibility check. This novel approach is context-aware, i.e. it leverages potential contextual data related to the dataset under investigation for a plausibility check. Performance evaluation results confirm the outstanding performance of the proposed approach in data plausibility check. / Under de senaste två decennierna har beräkning- och lagringsteknologier upplevt enorma framsteg. Genom att utnyttja dessa senaste framsteg gör AI språnget från traditionella klassificeringsanvändningsfall till automatisering av komplexa system genom avancerade maskininlärnings- och resonerings algoritmer. Medan litteraturen om AI-algoritmer och tillämpningar av dessa algoritmer inom automatisering är mogen, saknas forskning om pålitlig AI, dvs. hur olika branscher kan lita på de utvecklade AI-modulerna. AI-algoritmer är datadrivna, dvs. de lär sig baserat på mottagen data, och agerar också baserat på mottagen statusdata. Sedan är det av yttersta vikt att kontrollera riktigheten av de data som matas till systemet. I det här arbetet studerar vi de senaste metoderna för rimlighetskontroll av data. Sedan föreslår vi ett nytt tillvägagångssätt som utnyttjar maskininlärning för en automatisk datasäkerhetskontroll. Detta nya tillvägagångssätt är kontextmedvetet, dvs det utnyttjar potentiell kontextuell information relaterad till datainnehåll som undersöks för en rimlighetskontroll. Resultatutvärderingsresultat bekräftar den enastående prestandan för det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet i rimlighetskontroll av data.