Au sein d’un même espace muséal, qui est exclusivement dédié à l’art contemporain nous constatons la présence simultanée de formes traditionnelles d’art à côté d’installations. Il nous semble que ces œuvres d’art sont trop différentes pour être réunies sous la même appellation Art Contemporain. Dans cette étude nous analysons les présupposés philosophiques de la Modernité et de la Postmodernité, puis après avoir disqualifié la postmodernité, nous prenons l’Exposition à la Kunsthalle de Bern, en 1969, Quand les attitudes deviennent forme, comme date de naissance de l’art contemporain, et les œuvres qui y sont présentées comme la forme paradigmatique de l’art contemporain. La caractéristique essentielle des œuvres d’art contemporain,c’est qu’elles sont créées in situ et qu’elles peuvent être démontées et réinstallées. Ceci pose des problèmes de persistance d’identité dans le temps, à travers ces différents intervalles temporels. Nous analysons la théorie endurantiste des objets tridimensionnels et la théorie perdurantiste des objets quadridimensionnels. Nous adoptons comme principe méréologique de composition des parties temporelles, le principe installation réinstallation, qui permet de justifier la persistance d’une mêmeté de ces Œuvres d’art Contemporain au cours du temps. / Within the same museum space, which is exclusively dedicated to contemporary art, we find traditional forms of art beside installations. It seems to us that these works of art are too different to be labelled: Contemporary Art.In this study we analyze the philosophical assumptions of Modernity and Postmodernity and after having disqualified postmodernity, we claim that the Exhibition at the Kunsthalle in Bern, in 1969, When attitudes become form, is the birth date of art contemporary, and those works represent the paradigmatic form of contemporary art.The essential characteristic of contemporary art works (OAC) is that they are created in situ and can be dismantled and reinstalled. There is a problem of persistence of identity over time, during these different intervals of time. We analyze the endurantist theory of three-dimensional objects and the perdurantist theory of four-dimensional objects. We adopt the mereorological principle of composition of the temporal parts, the principle installation resettletment , which justify the persistence of a sameness of these contemporary art works through time .

in English My thesis follows up a potential influence of transhumanism on reflexive planning of people according to a Czech transhumanist community in regard of Person-In-Enviroment theory and postmodern changes in the society. A conceptual part contains chapters about transhumanism, areas that transhumanism focuses on, H+ technologies, potential, community and reflexive planning. In a framework of a qualitative research, my data were gathered using semi-structured interviews on topics reflexivity of an human actor, decision making, work with information, power, existential dimension of life and sorrow and anxiety related to life changes and loses. According to the obtained tata the biggest potential for reflexive planning can be found in examining possibilities of using artificial inteligence, collective consciousness and virtual hedonism, all that with regart to necessity of fight for human rights and democracy and economical breakthrough, wich could result in removal of social inequality.

[ES] El propósito de esta investigación es dar a conocer e intentar comprender la función de la intertextualidad en la obra literaria del autor mexicano Juan José Arreola (1918- 2001). Su estilo ecléctico, marcado por la prosa poética, la brevedad y la ironía, comparte un claro denominador común: la continua referencia a otros textos. A través de múltiples referencias a otras obras, Arreola nos invita en sus cuentos a un nuevo modo de lectura basado en un escritura que define una voz única y original, construida, paradójicamente, a través de otras voces. Esta tesis presenta un acercamiento teórico al concepto de la intertextualidad literaria, su conexión con la narrativa breve posmoderna y por qué es un recurso fundamental en la literatura hispanoamericana del siglo XX y, especialmente, en la mexicana. Asimismo, se plantea un análisis detallado de la última edición de su obra Bestiario que incluye una propuesta metodológica de lectura, en busca de referencias a otros textos, cómo se relacionan, cómo se utilizan y con qué intenciones. La obra de Arreola debe ser leída desde la intertextualidad, ya que se construye a través de ella, en una suerte diálogo permanente con la propia literatura. Esta técnica de escritura, tan característica en la narrativa breve de un autor de tan difícil catalogación como Juan José Arreola, hace imprescindible tanto una lectura intertextual como, sobre todo, la participación de la comunidad lectora, que será la que conecte el entramado de referencias y complete su significado, en un adelanto de las estéticas del pensamiento posmoderno literario del siglo XX. / [CA] El propòsit d'aquesta investigació és donar a conèixer i intentar comprendre la funció de la intertextualitat en l'obra literària de l'autor mexicà Juan José Arreola (1918- 2001). El seu estil eclèctic, marcat per la prosa poètica, la brevetat i la ironia, comparteix un clar denominador comú: la contínua referència a altres textos. A través de múltiples referències a altres obres, Arreola ens convida en els seus contes a una nova manera de lectura basat en un escriptura que defineix una veu única i original, construïda, paradoxalment, a través d'altres veus. Aquesta tesi presenta un acostament teòric al concepte de la intertextualitat literària, a la seua connexió amb la narrativa breu postmoderna i als motius pels quals és recurs fonamental en la literatura hispanoamericana del segle XX i, especialment, en la mexicana. Així mateix, es plantegen una anàlisi detallada de l'última edició de la seua obra Bestiari i una proposta metodològica de lectura, a la recerca de referències a altres textos, com es relacionen, com s'utilitzen i amb quines intencions. L'obra de Arreola ha de ser llegida des de la intertextualitat, a través de la qual es construeix, en una mena de diàleg permanent amb la mateixa literatura. Aquesta tècnica d'escriptura, tan característica en la narrativa breu d'un autor de tan difícil catalogació com Juan José Arreola, fa imprescindible tant la lectura intertextual com, sobretot, la participació de la comunitat lectora, que serà la que connecte l'entramat textual i complete el seu significat, en un avançament de les estètiques de la pensament postmodern literari del segle XX. / [EN] This research aims to present and understand the function of intertextuality in the literary work of the Mexican author Juan José Arreola (1918-2001). His eclectic style, marked by poetic prose, brevity, and irony, shares a clear common denominator: the continuous reference to other texts. Through multiple references to other works, Arreola invites the recipient of his stories to a new way of reading on account to author's unique style and original voice, constructed, paradoxically, through other voices. This dissertation presents a theoretical approach to the concept of literary intertextuality, its connection with the Postmodern short narrative, and explores why it is a fundamental resource of 20th Century Hispanic American literature and, especially, in Mexican literature. Likewise, this work presents a detailed analysis of the latest edition of his work Bestiary and a methodological reading proposal, searching for references to other texts, how they are related, how they are used, and with what intentions. Arreola's work must be read from intertextuality since it is built through it, in a permanent dialogue with literature itself. This writing technique, so characteristic in the short narrative of an author of such difficult cataloging as Juan José Arreola, makes essential intertextual reading and, above all, the readers' participation, which will be the ones that connect the framework of references and complete its meaning, in a preview of the aesthetics of 20th Century literary Postmodern thinking. / López Medel, P. (2021). La intertextualidad como recurso literario en la narrativa breve posmoderna de Juan José Arreola [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/170355 / TESIS

The Western liberal democracy is today challenged and criticised, mainly from a right-wing nationalist side, but also from a left-wing side. What both sides have in common is a disapproval of universalistic structures, which can be concluded as an opposition against a thinking derived from the modern Enlightenment era. This postmodern critique can be traced back to the 1960’s and the uprising of critical movements, such as poststructuralism. Michel Foucault, a significant postmodern thinker, identified his work to be linear to the work of Immanuel Kant – a highly anticipated Enlightenment thinker. How can this be? The aim of this study, based on modern and postmodern interpretations, is to analyse the roots of the Enlightenment in order to see if the postmodern critique is an extension or backlash to the tradition of Enlightenment and how it may affect the idea of liberal democracy. This can provide valuable insights whether the critique is an attempt to reform or destroy the tradition of Enlightenment, and ultimately, the liberal democracy of the west. The result states that the postmodern critique mostly has its origin in the Enlightenment and therefore, in most cases, should be seen as an attempt to reform rather than destroy Enlightenment thinking and the liberal democracy. However, despite providing unquestionable legitimate critique, the postmodern thinking does not offer a plausible alternative to the current system and should therefore remain as a tool of providing critique.

We will discuss here the issue of manipulation in the digital era of photojournalism. At first we will describe the relation between photography and its referent inculding its ability to represent the reality. Depicting the contrast between analogue and digital photography we will point out the independent position of digital photography from its referent, which is creating better possibilities for manipulation and decreasing the credibility of photography. Then we will analyze the text The Dusk of Photojournalism? that is reflecting these perspective and offering the solution increasing the position of the relation between photography and its referent. By contrast we will analyze the text called Photojournalism is dead, long live photojournalism. Why digitization can increase the credibility of journalistic photography? which considers this perspective as obsolete and offers us the new perspective of the relation between photography and its viewers, that could increase the credibility of photography in photojournalism. According to these two major perspectives we will point out whether it is possible to consider this option of photography - viewers relation as a relevant alternative. Based on these conclusions we will point out the major point of credibility of journalistic photography and imply...

Although there are a lot of popular books available on the subject of hope I still believe that there is a need for another study on the phenomenon of hope. Especially where proper exegesis and a multidiscipline approach are taken into account. In this study I’ve researched the effect of a society in transition on hope. I suspect that the changes since 1994 have a significant influence on the attitude, thought and behaviour of the Afrikaner especially. To come to such a conclusion the study take theories of change in Sociology into account. Some information were gathered from papers. The reason for that is the influence papers have on the spirit of society, and in this case its influence on people’s hope. Unfortunately one of the conclusions is that a lack of hope can very well be one of the consequences of the changes in society since 1994. The contemporary study is followed by a study on hope in Paul’s letter to the Romans. The background of the author, the congregation and the theology of the letter were taken in consideration. In most of the cases I’ve used the verses in the letter where the word hope was used. Surprisingly there is quite a comparison between the letter of Romans and society today as far as the reasons that causes hopelessness. Therefore Romans can be of great value to give hope in a disorientated society. Until now we know that there is a lack of hope in society, and that Romans give us reason to hope, but what is the person looking like that we want to communicate with? The study on post modernity show us how this “new” paradigm looks like. Post modernity is very different to modernism. The latest paradigm is universal and no one and nothing can escape it. Social sciences, the arts, economy, science itself and the theology were largely influenced by post modernity. With its larger emphasis on spirituality it creates wonderful opportunities for preaching. On the other side though, one should also keep its threats in mind, especially the proneness to relativism and New Age. In the last chapter I use all the information and conclusions of the previous chapters to get to a homiletic strategy for a postmodern context. The most important part of this chapter is to conclude that confession is a suitable hermeneutical and homiletical tool for preaching in post modernity. There is no need to prove confession, it is about something that is believed. The Bible therefore is still as relevant as ever. Communication strategies are included to guide the preacher in the most effective way when preaching in a postmodern context. The chapter ends with certain specific homiletic contents from the Roman letter that can be used today. We can know for certain that hopelessness is part of our society today. However we’ve got the promise of Romans 15:13 that God stays our God of hope. Our tasks are to posision us homiletically, hermeneutically and strategically in such a way that we give our faith the best possible chance. / Dissertation (MTh (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / MTh (Practical Theology) / unrestricted

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This thesis is crafted as an explorative theoretical essay, which aims to disclose the continuities and shifts in constructions of Italian post-war identity through the lenses of Marxist theory and postcolonial film analysis. The research will attempt to locate three paradigmatic cases of post-war Italian cinema and their authors in relation to the historical context, as well as coeval political and theoretical developments in the country. In order to produce a cartography of the Italian social landscape and its spaces of marginality and exclusion, the reader will be guided through this analysis by following the adventures of a paradigmatic character type, whom I will call “the wanderer”, a figure whose itinerant quality reflects the marginality of a social position and attitude that can be summed up by as the “art of getting by” (l’arte di arrangiarsi). As I will show, this position and attitude play a central role in defining a particular identity in relation to established social norms. To trace the transformation of this character, then, is also to trace transformations in the nation’s self-understanding in relation to class, race, gender, and the external world. My interpretation is built on two main theoretical premises. The first one is Gayatri Spivak’s contention that the importance of aesthetics, and aesthetic education, lies in their capacity to mediate between idealism and empiricism, or ethics and social reality. The second premise follows Fredric Jameson’s hypothesis about the creative quality of realism as an aesthetic paradigm, assuming that its primary aim and function is not a representative one, but one of active re-creation of the social reality anew. For me, these two premises are linked by the primary role they assign to aesthetic representation – as connected with imagination – in creating new grounds for social change.

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Though scholars have discussed postmodernism in Islam and South Asia before, they tend to (i) assume Muslims as a monolithic group, bypassing the diversity of different cultures and the interaction of these cultures with indigenous practices of Islam; (ii) study postmodernity synchronically, thereby eliding histor(ies) and the possibility of multiple temporalities; and (iii) compare postmodernity in non-Western countries with Western standards, and when these countries fail this test, declare them not-yet-postmodern, or even modern. Negligible and scant discussions of postmodernity that do take place inside Pakistan, most of which are published in newspaper articles, tend to focus on Western postmodernity and its evolution and contemporary position. There is no book-length discussion of postmodernity and postmodernist literary texts from Pakistan and its curious sociopolitical blend of Indo-Muslim and Anglo-Indian influences and interaction with the Islamic political foundations of the country. This project discusses postmodernity and postmodern literature in Pakistan. I argue that, because of a different political, cultural, and literary climate, postmodernity and postmodern literature in Pakistan are distinct from their Western counterparts. Because of technological advancement and neoliberal globalization, Pakistan experiences a different kind of postmodernity resulting in the production of a different kind of postmodern literature. I trace the historical employment of postmodern literary tropes from Indo-Islamic genres, i.e. dastan, to contextualize this conversation. Then I discuss experimental works of fiction like Sultana's Dream (1908), Bina Shah's Before She Sleeps (2018), and Soniah Kamal's Unmarriageable (2019). The last chapter explores the relationship of postmodernity, postmodern politics, and Pakistani and Muslim historiographic metafictional literary texts: The Satanic Verses (1988) and A Case of Exploding Mangoes (2008). Hence, the work is regional and national, as well as comparative and transnational.