The purpose of this study is to investigate the constructed vision of social reality that the Sweden Democrats define and thus defend and legitimizes through their climate and environmental policy. With a focus on the power relations that are constitutive of the Sweden Democrats' definition of social reality, the intention is to clarify the Sweden Democrats' position on the issue of climate change and to make visible what underlies their actions concerning the ratification of the Paris Agreement. To achieve the purpose, critical discourse analysis is used as a method where political documents concerning the Sweden Democrats' climate, environment, and energy policy during the period 2018-2021 constitute the empirical material. The results show that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is both ambiguous and ambivalent, where Sweden's self-image and Swedish interests are prioritized over climate measures. The result also shows that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is constituted by underlying power relations to preserve the power of the nation-state and the subordinate position of developing countries. One conclusion that can be drawn is to reduce the Sweden Democrats to just being climate change deniers is to simplify because their attitude to climate change is characterized by ambivalence and self-interest rather than skepticism and denial. Another conclusion is that the Sweden Democrats' attitude to climate change is more about defending and preserving existing power relations and less about questioning the existence of climate change. A third conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sweden Democrats' action regarding the Paris Agreement is more about opposing a social change that entails increased equality and about legitimizing the nation state's continued relevance in a globalized world, and less about opposing the content and implementation of the Paris Agreement.

Proyecto FONDECYT de iniciación N°11150789 “Glocal urban governance between neoliberalism, risk and resilience: re-assembling urban strategies in three chilean cities” Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / “Urbanya Ciudad Global” y “Praderas de Lo Aguirre” en Pudahuel serán las urbanizaciones privadas más grandes que se desarrollarán en Chile, y al mismo tiempo, son megaproyectos inmobiliarios cuyos procesos de aprobación han tomado largos 24 años, pasando por la participación de asociaciones públicas-privadas y por desarticulaciones en niveles de gobierno regional y local. En esta investigación, se realiza un análisis cualitativo de la evolución de las formas de gobernanza en Pudahuel asociado a estos megaproyectos inmobiliarios, a través del lente de la gobernanza urbana analítica (Pierre, 1999; DiGaetano & Strom, 2003; Martí-Costa & Tomás, 2016, Lukas, 2018) y las relaciones de poder (Lukes, 2007; Howarth, 2010), concebidas como micropolíticas y macrodiscursos. Se identifican en los resultados cuatro grandes fases de gobernanza entre 1994 y 2018, en las cuales es posible reconocer una transición desde un régimen urbano (Stone, 1989) y un régimen pluralista de carácter corporacionista a escala local, en los que existe una fuerte presencia de la Comisión Mixta como asociación pública-privada, hacia una forma de gobernanza de carácter regional, con mixturas entre formas gerencialistas y clientelistas, donde la burocracia estatal y las diferentes visiones de los servicios públicos implicados retrasan el proceso. Se concluye que existen tres lógicas transversales que articulan los 24 años de gobernanza en Pudahuel: i) una fragmentación en los espacios de toma de decisiones de carácter multiescalar, ii) diferentes estrategias escalares de los desarrolladores inmobiliarios para afrontar las fases de gobernanza y iii) una improvisación de carácter reactiva por parte del diseño institucional chileno en lo que respecta a planificación y gestión urbana en Pudahuel. / "Urbanya Ciudad Global" and "Praderas de Lo Aguirre" in Pudahuel will be the largest private urbanizations to be developed in Chile, and at the same time, are real estate megaprojects whose approval processes have taken 24 long years, with the participation of public-private partnerships and several disarticulations at regional and local government levels. In this research, a qualitative analysis of the evolution of the ways of governance in Pudahuel associated with these real estate megaprojects is made, through the lens of analytical urban governance (Pierre, 1999, DiGaetano & Strom, 2003, Martí-Costa & Tomás, 2016, Lukas, 2018) and power relations (Lukes, 2007; Howarth, 2010), conceived as micro-politics and macro-discourses. In the results, four governance stages are identified between 1994 and 2018, in which it is possible to recognize a transition from an urban regime (Stone, 1989) and a pluralist corporatist regime at local scale, with a strong presence of the Comisión Mixta as a public-private partnership until 2003, towards a form of regional governance since 2004, with mixtures between managerialist and clientelist forms, where the state bureaucracy and the different visions of the public services involved delay the process. It is concluded that there are three transversal logics that articulate the 24 years of governance in Pudahuel: i) a multi scalar fragmentation in decision-making spaces, ii) different scalar strategies from real estate developers to face the governance stages and iii) the presence of a reactive improvisation on Chilean institutional design in both urban planning and urban management in Pudahuel.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is viewed by policy makers and practitioners as facilitating the achievement of a balance between water resources use and protection, and the resolution of water-related conflicts. The IWRM approach has found particular use in the new water policies of Southern African countries such as Zimbabwe, where water scarcity, after the land question, is perceived to be a major threat to political, economic, social, military and environmental security. Ultimately, IWRM is seen as providing a framework towards ensuring broader security at the local, national, regional and global levels. However, the pilot phase implementation of the new water policy in the various regional countries has revealed that although the legal and institutional frameworks have been put in place, the implementation of the IWRM approach has tended to be problematic (Latham, 2001; GTZ, 2000; Leestemaker, 2000; Savenige & van der Zaag, 2000; Sithole, 2000). This study adopts a case study approach and empirically examines the institutional challenges of implementing the IWRM approach in the post-pilot phase of Zimbabwe's new water policy. The focus is mainly on the institutional arrangements surrounding the Pungwe-Mutare Water Supply Project located within the Save Catchment Area in Eastern Zimbabwe. The major finding of the study is that, while there are some problems associated with the traditional management approach, there have also emerged new challenges to IWRM. These mainly relate to the transaction costs of the water sector reforms, institutional resilience, stakeholder participation, and the achievement of the desired outcomes. There have also been problems emanating from unexpected political developments at the local and national levels, particularly with regard to the government's "fast track" land resettlement programme. The study also raises some questions concerning the ideological bases of IWRM and the conceptualization of the institutional problem.

This study investigates how power relations are organised in conversation between two sets of characters from the HBO-series Succession. The aim has been to analyse how power can be exercised, shifted or struggled over in conversation. The main method has been conversation analysis; particularly Hutchby’s methods and concepts (2013) have been applied both for this study’s use of the concept of power and for this study’s understanding of argumentative structures and Action-Opposition sequences in conversation. There has also been a significant focus on swearing, especially with the first research question, where the instances of swearing were analysed in terms of their function and type and whether they contributed to a shift in power relations. The study found asymmetrical relations of power with both sets of characters and that one can use the conversational possibilities at one’s disposal to exercise, resist or shift the power that is omnipresent in all contexts. The findings supported the theory that the second position in an argumentative structure generally has more power. However, the findings also suggested ways in which this can be avoided, for example by using the practical implications of one’s statement in particular contexts to overpower the opposition or to selectively choose which counter statements or questions to respond to to control the outcome of the conversation.

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This master's thesis analyses the following plays by contemporary American playwright, David Mamet: Oleanna (1992) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1983). The thesis deals with the discourse that was used and the question of the characters' power relations, which are examined from a sociolinguistic point of view. Firstly, the thesis defines power relations according to Michel Foucault and shows that communication can serve as an instrument of how to act upon others. The thesis is primarily based on the theory of Deborah Tannen, who observes the ambivalent nature of solidarity and power, and introduces her five areas of interest: indirectness, interruption, silence versus volubility, topic raising and verbal conflict. The thesis examines a selection of dialogues from the plays in order to elucidate how these aspects further influence the actions and behaviour of the characters, and explores the effects of the utterances including the effects of power. The thesis also deals with the question of failure of communication, which is examined from the perspective of Roman Jakobson's functions of language, Paul Grice's cooperative principle and Geoffrey N. Leech's politeness principle. Key Words Mamet, Oleanna, Glengarry Glen Ross, discourse, power, power relations, failure of communication

This thesis is a two-pronged analysis of the cultural content in two instructional materials series presently meant for use in the English language instruction in Swedish secondary education, and it integrates an examination of surface and deep cultural content with an ideology analysis focused on the representation of nations and the international world. The driving impetus of this thesis is an interest in the representation of culture meeting the students in their instruction. A theoretical framework has been used with perspectives on surface and deep culture, intercultural communicative competence, and theories of nationalism as an ideology. The study shows that the Swedish materials promote the development of communication skills across cultural boundaries to a greater extent than some international research would suggest, but confirms results from other related studies. The majority of the cultural content was found to be surface-level and is best understood as objective or static topics of culture which do little to prepare the readers to be critical, intercultural citizens. The materials were found to be strongly structured around the nation-state, and the argument is made that the materials feature international content with a national-perspective. The materials were also found to reproduce ethno- national sentiment when representing specifically the United States and Britain, where a great deal of the content is focused. This study shows that a combination of these two approaches provides a more complete consideration of the materials and produces important results, not only for the scholarly community, but for teachers and instructional material design.

Projects are a common method in the work of closing the gap between the majority society and the Roma people. As a national minority in Sweden, the Roma people are entitled to certain rights of participation within this work. This thesis aims to analyze five projects, meant to work towards the Roma people’s inclusion, to answer how the concepts of empowerment and intersectionality are expressed or implicitly embodied within them. It is also questioned how the projects have considered the Roma people’s perceptions of their own situation and context. By using content analysis together with the theoretical framework, it is possible to bring light to these concepts, as well as to find key variables in order to answer the research questions. The main findings show that while the projects lacked in using an intersectional approach, the concept has important analytical tools which could be helpful in order to include the vulnerable persons within the Roma groups and to work with more sensitive issues. Some levels of empowerment is also found in the projects, both as a goal and as a means.However, in order to empower the Roma people, the majority society would have to give more decision power to the group. Thus the projects have not reached the potential they could have had in contributing to the shift which has been set in motion towards letting the Roma people develop the perspective of the work as well as be part of the execution.

This master’s thesis studies testimonies gathered by the #nödvärn initiative – the metoo call from2017 by the Swedish police department for their current and former employees, as well as traineesand students. The thesis contributes to filling an existing research gap about sexualharassment/violence from the perspective of the harassed/victim, by analyzing their description oftheir own experiences and how they attribute responsibility for the harassment. One of the wayswas to look at the issue from a feminist perspective and add to/build on the existing feministresearch in this field of the testimony compilation through the #nödvärn initiative in the Swedishcontext. Therefore, with the help of the interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA), CarolBacchi’s theory of gender and power relations, along with the decolonial theory, I have selectedeight testimonies from the compilation and analyzed them to understand the perspective of theharassed/victims, how they reason around their experiences of being harassed/violated, how theinterpretation and reactions of colleagues and supervisors affect how the harassed persons/victimsinterpret their experiences of harassment/violence and how the harassed persons/victims attributeresponsibility for the harassment/violence in the testimonies. The analysis reveals that the way theharassed/victims reason around their experiences of sexual violence and the way (and on whom)they attribute responsibility for the harassment/violence are interconnected and are heavilyaffected by the hierarchy and power relations in the organization that also affect theharassed/victim’s colleagues’ and superiors’ reaction or response to the harassed/victim’sexperience of sexual harassment/violence.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur influencern Bianca Ingrosso framställer klädkonsumtion på YouTube. Med en bakgrund av en ökad medvetenhet kring klädkonsumtionens klimatpåverkan genomfördes en kritisk diskursanalys för att undersöka hur Bianca Ingrosso idag kan ha makt över konsumtionsdiskursen och därmed upprätthålla ohållbara konsumtionsnormer i samhället. Syftet var således att skapa en kritisk språkmedvetenhet över hur språk kan upprätthålla maktrelationer i samhället. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i Baumans teori om konsumtionssamhället, Rosas teori om social acceleration och Scheffs teori om sociala band. Resultatet visade att Bianca Ingrosso framställer klädkonsumtion på ett sätt som kan vara avgörande för individens mående, sociala relationer, identitetsbildande och sociala position i samhället. Resultatet av studien kopplades sedan in i en större samhällelig kontext vilket visade att Ingrosso upprätthåller och reproducerar en konsumtionskultur som kan vara svår att förändra. Orsaken till detta kan vara att den är djupt förankrad i både samhällets sociala, kulturella och ekonomiska strukturer. / This study aims to investigate how the influencer Bianca Ingrosso portrays clothing consumption on YouTube. With a background of increased awareness of the climate impact of clothing consumption, a critical discourse analysis was carried out to investigate how Bianca Ingrosso have power over the consumption discourse and thereby maintain unsustainable consumption norms in society. The aim was thus to create a critical language awareness of how language can maintain power relations in society. The study has its starting point in Baumans theory of consumer society, Rosas theory of social acceleration and Scheffs theory of social bonds. The result showed that Bianca Ingrosso portrays clothing consumption in a way that can be decisive for the individual's well-being, social relationships, identity and social position in society. The results of thes tudy are then linked into a larger societal context, which showed that Ingrosso maintains and reproduces a consumption culture that can be difficult to change given that it is deeply rooted in both society's social, cultural and economic structures.