Under Covid-19 pandemin hamnade samarbetet mellan förskolan och hemmet på sin spets efter att restriktioner infördes i verksamheten. Denna studie syftar till att försöka förbättra förståelsen för hur vårdnadshavare upplevde sitt inflytande i förskoleverksamheter under denna period.  Min studie utgår från en livsvärldsfenomenologisk teori och insamlandet av empirin har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Nio vårdnadshavare intervjuades och deras svar analyserades genom analysmetoden Tolkande fenomenologiskt perspektiv (IPA). Från analysen framkom det att vårdnadshavarna upplevde ett behov av stöd och kommunikation och kände sig isolerade och mindre delaktiga på grund av pandemins begränsningar. Detta påverkade deras mellanmänskliga relationer och upplevda inflytande. Det visade sig att socioekonomiska faktorer och tillgång till resurser som teknologi och språkförståelse spelade stor roll i deras möjligheter till delaktighet och inflytande. Studiens slutsats lyfter att det finns ett stort behov av att utveckla mer motståndskraftiga kommunikationsstrategier inom förskoleverksamheten. Detta för att bevara en stark koppling mellan vårdnadshavare och pedagoger, särskilt under krissituationer. Strategierna behöver utvecklas till att inkludera vårdnadshavare med olika modersmål och socioekonomiska bakgrunder. Studien lyfter också vikten av att etablera tydliga riktlinjer för att hantera kriser, då den nuvarande läroplanen inte lyckas upprätthålla vårdnadshavares inflytande. Slutligen understryker studien att ett bibehållet eller ökat upplevt inflytande bland vårdnadshavare leder till ett ökat engagemang i att möta personalen halvvägs vid problem, vilket underlättar en positiv dynamik genom krissituationer. / During the Covid-19 pandemic, the collaboration between preschools and homes was put to the test after restrictions were introduced in the operations. This study aims to improve the understanding of how guardians perceived their influence in preschool activities during this period. My study is based on a lifeworld phenomenological theory, and the collection of empirical data was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Nine guardians were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The analysis revealed that the guardians experienced a need for support and communication and felt isolated and less involved due to the pandemic's limitations. This affected their interpersonal relationships and perceived influence. It was found that socioeconomic factors and access to resources such as technology and language understanding played a significant role in their opportunities for participation and influence. The study's conclusion highlights that there is a great need to develop more resilient communication strategies within preschool operations. This is to maintain a strong connection between guardians and educators, especially during crisis situations. The strategies need to be developed to include guardians with different mother tongues and socioeconomic backgrounds. The study also emphasizes the importance of establishing clear guidelines for handling crises, as the current curriculum fails to maintain guardians' influence. Finally, the study underlines that maintained or increased perceived influence among guardians leads to increased engagement in meeting the staff halfway when problems arise, facilitating a positive dynamic through crisis situations.

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The M. A. thesis concerns with teaching Czech as foreign language for pre-school children. The main aim of thesis is current situation of teaching Czech as foreign language for pre- school children with respect to teachers who perform this teaching, primarily to the qualifications of teachers, the approaches and the methods which they choose and the teaching materials which they use. The first part of thesis deals firstly with significance of teaching Czech as foreign language for pre-school children then with education teachers of Czech as foreign language for pre- school children and finally with pre-school children as target group of teaching foreign language and Czech as foreign language. In the chapter about methodology we describe chosen qualitative methods of research and course of the research. The empirical part of thesis is divided into three parts, in the first one are presented the research data from the semi-structured interviews in Prague and the results of qualitative analysis of materials which are used by teachers. In the second part are described the research data from semi-structured interviews from Czech School without Borders in. The next part deals with comparison of these data. Key words Czech as a foreign language, pre-school education, child-foreigner, foreign language in...

The critical role of children’s play in the development of peer relationships, social and communicative skills is reviewed and discussed. The difficulties experienced by a pre-school learner in engaging in peer relationships, communicating successfully in a classroom situation and constructively using play materials was explained. This was done through the use of anecdotal records, checklists, questionnaires, photographic evidence and a semi-structured interview with the learner’s parent. A pre-school play programme, using blocks, dough and puppets (BDP Programme) was devised and used to assess its influence on the acquisition of social and communicative skills by a non-social and non-communicative learner. The study found the BDP Programme to be very successful in assisting this learner to develop peer relationships and communicative skills in the peer group and thus played a critical role in the social development of this learner. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie word die effek van ouerlike begunstiging op die leefwereld van die adolessent aangespreek. Uit die literatuurstudie blyk dit dat die kwaliteit van die ouerkindverhouding, asook die verskil in 'n ouer se houding teenoor en behandeling van sy kinders daartoe bydra dat 'n kind begunstiging in die gesin beleef. Oorsake van ouerlike begunstiging setel in projektiewe identifikasie deur die ouer(s), persoonlike behoeftes en verwagtinge van die ouer(s), geboorte-orde, en die grootte en sarnestelling van die gesin. In die empiriese ondersoek is die leefwereld van adolessente wat ouerlike begunstiging beleef, verken. Volgens die resultate blyk dit dat van hierdie adolessente angs en minderwaardigheid beleef, 'n lae selfbeeld het en dat hul relasies problernaties is. / This study addresses the effect of parental favoritism on the life world of the adolescent. From the literature study it is evident that the quality of the parent-child relationship as well as. the difference in the parent's attitude and treatment of his children contributes to the fact that a child experiences favoritism in the family. Causes of parental favoritism reside in projective identification by the parent ( s) , parental needs and expectations, the birth order, and size and set up of the family. The empirical study investigates the life world of adolescents who experience parental favoritism. According to the results it seems that some of these adolescents experience anxiety and a sense of inferiority, have a low self-image and experience problematic relationships. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

The study focussed on determining whether there were any distinguishing characteristics that comprised the background of the gifted Indian pre-school child. The paucity of literature on the Indian pre-school child forced the researcher to rely on international studies. The theoretical composition of the study reviewed personality and normative development, as well as cognitive development of the gifted pre-school child. Family background and stimulatory activities that parents engaged children in, were also explored. The empirical investigation combined the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Initially, parents, teachers and peers were responsible for selecting the research sample. The sample of eighty-three children was subjected to the administration of the JSAIS. Of this twentyfive were selected in order for the questionnaire to be administered to their parents. Results of the questionnaire indicated that parents undertook to stimulate their children by engaging them in activities that they were of the opinion would promote their intellectual development. The results of the questionnaire were corroborated by interviews that were conducted with six of the parents. Relevant excerpts from five of the interviews are presented as well as a full interview with one of the parents. The results reveal that parents continuously strive to stimulate their children so that they can ensure that the potential that they believe their children possess can be actualised. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the twenty years since Namibia declared independence many changes have taken place, especially in die educational system. One of these changes has been in pre-school education. Public pre-school institutions have been done away with. Only private institutions remain to attempt to furnish the demand in this field. Limited access to pre-school education has an impact on school-readiness as learners from different educational backgrounds start Grade 1 together. The primary purpose of this study is to collect the experiences of Grade 1 teachers, to analise those experiences and to describe them with reference to the diverse pre-school backgrounds of the learners. Grade 1 teachers interact with learners from three backgrounds: those with formal pre-school education; those with non-formal pre-school education; and those with no pre-school education. The Grade 1 teacher's experiences is the problem studied and it is done with reference to these forms of pre-school education. It focuses on the opinions of the teachers as formulated in their own words. A child's environment and early experiences, especially the level of education - or deprival thereof - has a marked effect on learning and development. Education in the early years of childhood can deliver an outstanding return on investment for a country. Phases of education should build on one another using syllabusses and working methods that work together. The logic is that a child should first be able to crawl before learning to walk and thus follow the right steps to the phonetics, spelling and writing required in Grade 1. The cost of neglecting some of the elementary steps will be borne by the Grade 1 teacher when he/she is forced to set time aside to repair the foundation that should have been in laid in the pre-school years. A qualitative research method was used to attain and analise the information in this study. Data was collected by studying relevant literature, using questionaires in interview situations and by conducting interviews with stakeholders. Data was analysed by doing content analysis of the transcripts from individual interviews and focus groups. The research takes the form of an interpretative epistemological construct as it focuses on the essence of the experiences of the Grade 1 teacher. It is an exploratory study that made use of a sample of the designated group. Contributing factors, such as government policy, the curriculum, training of teachers, language, poverty, school, parents and learners, reveal guidelines for improving the classroom experiences of Grade 1 teachers. This can be applied advantageously to the development of the educational sector. The study suggests that teachers and parents should collaborate more closely. It is further suggested that the curriculum be ammended to accommodate learners from diverse backgrounds leading to a more positive experience for Grade 1 teachers. The findings show that the experiences of Grade 1 teachers are not taken into account by many people, especially judging by the available literature. It is important to acknowledge what these teachers experience as well as the role it plays in their classrooms. Their experiences lead to certain reactions and changes. The point made by this study is that Grade 1 teachers display a definitive experience in their classrooms and that it has an effect on their learners. The point of departure is to let the Grade 1 teacher distinguish between the different groups of learners in the classroom and empower him/her to support each individual to ensure a positive experience. Not all teachers will have such a positive experience with a diverse group. Before the burden becomes too heavy alternative teaching methods should be employed. There is a shortage of research in this field and further study on the experiences of the Grade 1 teacher is needed to deepen the provision of support. Although this is a limited study, it can possibly encourage further research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die twintig jaar sedert Namibië se onafhanklikheidswording het baie veranderinge in die land plaasgevind, veral in die onderwysstelsel. Een van die veranderinge was die afskaf van openbare voorskoolse instellings. Slegs die private sektor voorsien steeds in dié behoefte. Die beperkte toegang tot voorskoolse onderrig het egter 'n invloed op skoolgereedheid. Die leerders wat Graad 1 betree, kom uit verskillende onderrigsagtergronde. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is om die ervaringe van Graad 1-onderwysers te ondersoek, te analiseer en te beskryf aan die hand van hierdie diverse voorskoolse agtergronde van die leerders. Die Graad 1-onderwyser het te doen met leerders uit drie agtergronde: dié met formele voorskoolse onderrig; dié met nie-formele voorskoolse onderrig; en dié met geen voorskoolse onderrig nie. Met verwysing na dié vorme van voorskoolse onderrig word die probleem van die Graad 1-onderwyser se ervaring in die klaskamer ondersoek. Dit fokus op die opinies van die Graad 1-onderwysers geformuleer in hul eie woorde. 'n Kind se omgewing en vroeë ervaringe, veral die vlak van opvoeding - of die ontneming daarvan - het 'n groot effek op 'n kind se leer en ontwikkeling. Opvoeding in die vroeë kinderjare is 'n belegging wat uitstaande resultate vir die land kan oplewer. Onderwysfases behoort op mekaar te volg met leerplanne en werkmetodes wat aanvullend saamwerk tot die kind se opvoeding. Die logika daaragter is dat 'n kind eers moet kruip voordat hy kan loop en net so behoort 'n kind die regte stappe te volg ten einde gereed te wees vir die klank-, spel- en skryfwerk wat in Graad 1 vereis word. Die afskeep van sekere elementêre stappe kan tot gevolg hê dat die Graad 1-onderwyser waardevolle tyd sal moet afstaan om die basis, wat gedurende die pre-primêre fase (of in die voorskoolse instelling) gelê moes word, dan nou in Graad 1 te lê. Dit beklemtoon die groot taak wat op die Graad 1-onderwyser se skouers rus. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik vir die verkryging en ontleding van inligting vir hierdie studie. Die data insamelingsmetodes sluit 'n literatuuroorsig, onderhoudsvraelyste en onderhoude met die betrokke rolspelers in. Data is geanaliseer met behulp van inhoud-analise van die transkripte uit die individuele en fokusgroep-onderhoude. Die navorsingstipe is 'n interpretatiewe epistemologiese konstruk omdat dit fokus op die essensie van die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser. Dit is 'n verkennende ondersoek en daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n doeldienende streekproefneming. Uit die aanleidende faktore soos regeringsbeleid, kurrikulum, opleiding van onderwysers, taal, armoede, skool, ouers en leerders kom daar riglyne na vore vir die verbetering van die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser in die klas. Dit kan met vrug aangewend word in die ontwikkeling van die onderwyssektor. Die studie maak die aanbeveling dat daar 'n nouer samewerking tussen onderwysers en ouers moet wees. Verder word voorgestel dat die kurrikulum aangepas word om diverse leerders te akkommodeer wat positiewe ervaringe vir die Graad 1-onderwyser tot gevolg sal hê. Die bevindinge toon aan dat die ervaringe van Graad 1-onderwysers in hul klaskamers nie deur baie mense in ag geneem word nie, veral as daar gekyk word na die literatuur. Dit is belangrik om te sien wat hul ervaar en watter rol dit speel in hul klaskamers. Hul ervaringe lei tot sekere reaksies en aanpassings wat hulle daagliks beleef. Die punt wat met hierdie studie gemaak word, is dat Graad 1-onderwysers 'n definitiewe ervaring in hul klaskamers openbaar wat só weer 'n uitwerking op die leerders het. Die uitgangspunt is om die Graad 1-onderwyser te laat onderskei tussen die verskillende groepe leerders in die klaskamer en sodoende in staat te stel om elkeen in die klas so te ondersteun vir 'n positiewe ervaring. Nie alle onderwysers gaan altyd met diverse leerders so 'n positiewe siening en ervaring hê nie. Voordat dit vir hul te veel raak moet alternatiewe benaderings en metodes gebruik word om leerders te onderrig. Ook wat hierdie aspek betref, is daar 'n tekort aan navorsing en is verdere ondersoeke oor die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser nodig, om sodoende die nodige ondersteuning te kan bied. Alhoewel hierdie 'n beperkte studie is, kan dit moontlike verdere navorsing aanmoedig.

Darbe atlikta teorinė tėvų pasitenkinimo logopedo teikiamomis paslaugomis bei pagalba vaikui ir šeimai ikimokykliniame amžiuje probleminių klausimų analizė Lietuvoje ir lyginimas su kitomis Europos šalimis. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti tėvų, auginančių ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikus, pasitenkinimą logopedine pagalba. Taikyti teoriniai (mokslinės literatūros ir dokumentų, antrinių dokumentų analizė), empiriniai (anketinė apklausa ir interviu) bei statistiniai metodai. Statistinėms tendencijoms nustatyti, taikyti aprašomosios statistikos metodai (absoliutiniai ir santykiniai dažniai). Anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo198 tėvai, auginantys ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikus, kurie gauna logopedinę pagalbą ikimokyklinėse įstaigose. Interviu raštu dalyvavo 4 respondentai (N=4), siekiant išsiaiškinti nuomonių bei nuostatų į teikiamą pagalbą ir pasitenkinimą ja turiniui atskleisti. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Mokslinės literatūros bei dokumentų analizė rodo, kad Lietuva, orientuodamasi į Europos Sąjungos švietimo politiką, pereina nuo orientacijos į siaurą pagalbą vaikui, grindžiamą tradicine institucine logopedo pagalba vaikui ugdymo įstaigoje, prie sisteminio ugdymo modelio, kai pagalba teikiama ne tik vaikui, bet ir šeimoms, įtraukiant jas į vaiko ugdymą. 2. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė leidžia teigti, kad dauguma tėvų teigiamai vertina logopedinę pagalbą vaikui. Itin gerai vertinamas bendravimas su vaiku bei logopedo taikomi pagalbos būdai. Tyrime dalyvavę tėvai teigiamai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The theoretical part of the research analyses the main focuses concerning parents' satisfaction with the services provided by speech therapists and support to their children as well as to the families in pre-school in Lithuania as well as in other European countries. The aim of the research is to assess the parents’ raising up pre-school children, who need speech therapy, satisfaction with speech therapy support. There were applied the theoretical analysis of literature and documents, secondary analysis of documents as well as empirical (questionnaire and interview), and statistical methods. Methods of descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) were applied for statistical analysis. The sample of research (questionnaire survey) consists of 198 parents with pre-school children, who receive speech therapy at pre-school, as well as 4 respondents who took part in an interview in order to ascertain the views and attitudes towards the given support and its contents. The main conclusions of the empirical part of the research: 1. The scientific literature and analysis of documents show that Lithuania, focusing on the European Union's education policy, shifts from a narrow orientation to the child‘s and the support to him/her, based on the traditional institutional assistance of a speech therapist to a child in educational institution, to a systemic educational model focused not only on a child but also on a families, involved into the child's education. 2. The... [to full text]

Nuolatinio švietimo organizacijų tobulinimo poreikis, efektyvus kaitos valdymas, augantys reikalavimai švietimo paslaugų kokybei bei kiti veiksniai įtakoja švietimo organizacijų valdymo pokyčius, kurie siejasi su naujais vadovų vaidmenimis ir funkcijomis. Šiuolaikinės mokyklos vadovas turi būti vienas iš aktyviausių švietimo kaitos dalyvių, todėl inovatyviai atliekama jo veikla gali sąlygoti sėkmingą ugdymo institucijos veiklą bei jos kaitą. Magistro darbe analizuota ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų vystymo strateginiai orientyrai, pateikta minėtų institucijų tobulinimo samprata, atskleistos tobulinimo sąsajos su kokybe, aptarti vadovų vaidmenys kaitos kontekste, išryškinti vadovų vaidmenų transformacijas sąlygojantys veiksniai. Tyrimas atliekamas naudojant teorinius, empirinius, statistinius tyrimo metodus: mokslinės literatūros šaltinių ir švietimo veiklą reglamentuojančių dokumentų analizė, anketinė apklausa, statistiniai: aprašomosios statistikos metodai. Tyrimo metu siekta išsiaiškinti, koks yra ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų vadovų vaidmuo organizacijos tobulinimui pačių vadovų ir pedagogų požiūrio aspektu. Tyrimas patvirtino hipotezę, kad didžioji dauguma vadovų ir daugiau nei pusė pedagogų yra įsitikinę, kad vadovų vaidmuo ikimokyklinio ugdymo institucijos tobulinimui yra didesnis nei pedagogų. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais formuluojamos išvados, kad per pastaruosius penkerius metus daugiausia pokyčių įvyko šiose ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų srityse: (Pasvalio miesto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The permanent requirement of educational institutions development, an effective control of alternation, rising requisitions for the quality of educational service and other factors influence the change of educational institution’s controlling, which relates with new roles and functions of the authorities. The leader of modern school has to be one of the most active participator in educational changes. Therefore innovative activities can determine the successful practice and changes of educational institutes. This work of master’s degree analyses preschool educational institutes’ guides of development’s strategics. There is presented the conception of aforementioned institutions’ development, educed the connection between development and quality, disputed the roles of the authorities in the development and emphasized the factors of the authorities’ roles transformation. The research is fulfilled by using theoretical, empirical, statistical methods: the analysis of scientific literature and documents that regulate the education, questionnaire and statistical-descriptive method. The aim of the work is to find out the role of preschool authorities in the development of the institutions according to their own and pedagogues’ attitudes. The hypothesis has been proved that the biggest part of the authorities and more than a half of pedagogues are certain, that in the development of preschool institutions the authorities have major role than pedagogues. According to the results... [to full text]

The study used Social Cultural Theory as an analytical framework to understand the professional preparation of kindergarten teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A multi-method approach to data collection was adopted, involving a questionnaire, interviews and documentary analysis of both the pre-school curriculum in KSA and the programme content. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were therefore employed to achieve the research objectives. The research methodology was based on the interpretive approach and included a case study. The participants were student-teachers studying on the four-year teacher training programme at one of the universities in KSA. Responses to four hundred and nineteen questionnaires completed by student-teachers across the four years of the programme were analysed, and a detailed case study involving 32 student-teachers was carried out. These student-teachers were interviewed three times each over three terms, with a focus on the nature of their knowledge and beliefs. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS to summarise the results of the closed questions in the questionnaire and to compare the differences between the student-teachers’ perspectives in each study year. All interviews were taped and transcribed. The data were coded and recoded several times using the continuous comparative process. When broad categories/themes emerged, these created sub-categories. Similarly, the data gained from the questionnaire’s open-ended questions were also analysed qualitatively. The findings focus on the results from the questionnaire for each study year, followed by a direct comparison of student-teachers’ knowledge and beliefs across the four years. The findings from the interviews with student-teachers are presented separately for each study year in order that the development of their knowledge and beliefs over the four-year programme can be seen. The findings revealed that student-teachers’ beliefs and their knowledge were closely linked. Although student-teachers’ knowledge developed as a result of their learning, some of their beliefs about Early Childhood Education (ECE) in general seemed to remain stable over the period of their university course. Many factors influenced the training of the student-teacher within Saudi culture and practices, such as the cultural context, the society, national policy, religion, module content, styles of teaching, visits to kindergarten, self-learning, and others’ knowledge/experience and support. These others included friends, other student-teachers, and relatives who were studying on the kindergarten programme or worked in the field of ECE. The findings showed that student-teachers built their teaching identities on the wider social-cultural purposes of education in Saudi society, which were consistent with expectations of their roles in society. However, various constraints related to the university context, to the kindergarten context and to the social-cultural context influenced their preparation as teachers. The study indicated many limitations to the current apprenticeship approach, due to the predominantly transmissive style of education at university. Student-teachers were not progressively immersed in a more fully developed apprenticeship model in which teachers learnt about the cultures and practices of ECE within the contexts of practice. This study strongly challenges a system where student-teachers only have one term of teaching practice. It is argued that teaching practice should start much earlier in the programme and be extended. A model for developing professional preparation programmes of Initial Teachers (IT) in the field of ECE is presented. Implications arising from this study and recommendations which could improve Teacher Education (TE) in KSA are outlined. Finally, suggestions for further research are presented.