Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Gil Ryckebusch.pdf: 1816505 bytes, checksum: bf25c4f01a01a5b1cb766f0eea86f803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In general terms, this research aims at analyzing in order to critically understand students and the teacher-researcher s discursive organization in the Chat Circle Activity in a pre-school setting in a private school located in the city of São Paulo. More specifically, it aims at investigating how these participants critically-collaboratively internalize the actions which take part in the collaborative interactions throughout this Activity, and how this internalization affects the process of shared knowledge production. Theoretical framework is based on the Social-Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, as per Vygotsky (1925/2004; 1930/1988; 1934/2001); Leontiev (1977; 1978, 1983) and Engeström (1999a; 1999b; 1999c; 2003); on the concept of dialogism and the discussion of voices as per Bakhtin/Volochinov (1929-30/1988) and Bakhtin (1934-45/1998; 1952-53/1992); in the constructs of collaboration and critical reflection for the joint production of knowledge in the classroom, as discussed by Magalhães (1994; 2004; 2007) and John-Steiner (2002) more specifically focusing on argumentation, as per Pontecorvo (2005), Orsolini (2005); Liberali (2006); De Chiaro and Leitão (2002). The methodology employed that of critical research of collaboration (Magalhães, 1994). The participants involved in this research were the researcher also the teacher of a class of 21 students that took part in the investigation. Data was analyzed following categories developed by Pontecorvo (2005), Orsolini (2005), Bronckart (1999), Koch (1984) and Brookfield & Preskill (2005). Results have revealed that the creation of criticalcollaborative contexts in situations of Chat Circles has promoted transformations in the ways that the students and the teacher-researcher act, thus broadening their possibilities of development and performance in the context itself / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar, para compreender criticamente, a organização discursiva dos alunos e da professora-pesquisadora na Atividade de Roda de Conversa numa sala de educação infantil de uma escola privada, localizada na cidade de São Paulo. Especificamente, investiga a apropriação, por esses participantes, de modos crítico-colaborativos de agir, nas interações colaborativas ocorridas ao longo dessa Atividade, e sua implicação no processo de produção compartilhada de conhecimento. A fundamentação teórica está embasada na Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural, como discutida nos trabalhos de Vygotsky (1925/2004; 1930/1988; 1934/2001); Leontiev (1978; 1983) e Engeström (1999a, b, c; 2003); no conceito de dialogia e na questão das vozes no discurso em Bakhtin/Volochinov (1929-30/1988) e Bakhtin (1934- 35/1998; 1952-53/1992); nos conceitos de colaboração e reflexão crítica para a produção conjunta do conhecimento em sala de aula, discutidos por Magalhães (1994; 2004; 1998/2007) e John-Steiner (2000), com foco na argumentação, 2005; Orsolini, 2005; Liberali, 2006; De Chiaro e Leitão, 2002). A metodologia utilizada insere-se no quadro da pesquisa crítica de colaboração (Magalhães, 1994). Participaram desta investigação a pesquisadora, que também é a professora, e todos os 21 alunos da classe. Os dados foram analisados a partir de categorias desenvolvidas por Pontecorvo (2005), Orsolini (2005), Bronckart (1999), Koch (1984) e Brookfield e Preskill (2005). Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a criação de contextos colaborativo-críticos em situações de Roda de Conversa promoveu transformações nos modos de agir dos alunos e desta professora-pesquisadora, ampliando nossas possibilidades de desenvolvimento e de atuação no próprio contexto

Bakgrund: Barn i behov av särskilt stöd kan ses som ett komplext begrepp. En rapport från Skolinspektionen (2017) ligger till grund för uppsatsens motiv, rapporten visar att förskolepersonal ofta saknar en samsyn över vad särskilt stöd innebär och hur det särskilda stödet utformas. Den teoretiska ansats vår studie utgår från är socialkonstruktivistisk, där människors uppfattningar ses som socialt konstruerade. De analytiska begrepp som används i studien är det kompensatoriska perspektivet, det kritiska/relationella perspektivet och dilemmaperspektivet. Dessa används för att kunna problematisera och analysera förskollärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter om arbetet med barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Syfte: Den här studien syftar till att problematisera arbetet med barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Metod: I föreliggande studie används semistrukturerade intervjuer för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Nio förskollärare har intervjuats i en mellanstor kommun i Sverige. Resultat: Vi finner att förskollärarna anser att barn som avviker från normen, barn med språksvårigheter, barn med diagnoser och barn i gråzonen är de som är i behov av särskilt stöd. Inom temat barn i gråzonen beskrivs bland annat barn med utåtagerande, alternativt inåtvända beteenden och koncentrationssvårigheter. Det särskilda stödet utformas främst i helgrupp, genom bilder och tecken som stöd men även i mindre grupper och individuellt. Så gott som alla förskollärare betonar att deras bemötande är en central del i hur det särskilda stödet utformas. Slutligen anser nästintill alla förskollärare att även faktorer såsom ekonomi, tid och personaltäthet avgör hur särskilda stödet utformas.

This Diploma Thesis is designed as a case study based on qualitative research focusing on searching the options of support on pre-school children development in the environment of shelters for mothers or families with children. In the theoretical part starting points are presented regarding the issues of family, shelter, school maturity and readiness as well as an issue of constituent functions, possibilities of their diagnostics and development. The initial part of the empiric part describes methodological processes and a research plan is presented. Followed by research report regarding the study in twelve shelters in Prague. One of the research goals was to design a simple manual of development for children aged 3-6 which might have been used as a support for social workers in those shelters. The research tools included questionnaires and interviews among social workers. The questionnaires helped to map the size of shelters, length of stay and characteristic of their clients, approach of institutions to the development of pre-school and school age children as well as the attitudes of social workers towards such development of pre-school children. Interviews with social workers assisted with orientation in the issue of families in shelter, semi-structured interview allowed a feedback from the...

<p>Den här studien syftade till att belysa hur några pedagoger med olika typ av bakgrund, verksamma i ett homogent svensktalande respektive ett mer mångkulturellt område, tänker om och arbetar med flerspråkiga barn i förskolan. Frågeställningarna rörde pedagogernas syn på hur en språkstimulerande miljö bör utformas, positiva samt negativa aspekter i arbetet med flerspråkiga förskolebarn, samt om skillnader i uttalanden hos de olika yrkesrollerna kunde utrönas. Jag ville också ta reda på om barnens modersmål talades i verksamheten eller om dess ursprung lyftes fram på något annat vis. Jag använde mig av intervjuer som forskningsmetod.</p><p>Min resultatanalys visade att samtliga pedagoger betonar användandet av ett nyanserat, rikt och benämnande språk i det vardagliga talet, under alla situationer i verksamheten. För barn med annat modersmål än svenska blir det extra viktigt med stöd i form av bilder och konkret material, enligt pedagogerna. Problematiska aspekter med att tala flera olika språk i verksamheten, som lyftes fram var dels organisatoriska - att erhålla pedagoger med en viss flerspråkig kompetens - och dels att hålla en sund balans där också det svenska språket ska betonas. På två av förskolorna talar pedagogerna andra språk än svenska i den dagliga verksamheten. De gör detta med hänvisning till de positiva kognitiva effekter barnet får. Tvärtemot detta har en förskollärare på en annan förskola valt att inte tala flera olika språk i verksamheten. Hon menar att detta sänder ut negativa signaler till de barn vars modersmål inte talas av någon av pedagogerna. Generellt sett framkom en ståndpunkt hos pedagogerna om att problem och svårigheter ingår i yrket, det ingår att anstränga sig, varför exempelvis språkförbistringar egentligen inte anses vara jobbigt.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to shed light on how some teachers with different backgrounds, in a homogenous Swedish-speaking and a more multicultural area, think about and work with multilingual children in preschool. My research questions concerned the teachers’ vision of how a language stimulating environment should be designed. If multilingual children need a particular design - plus positive and negative aspects of the work with multilingual preschool children, as well as if there’s differences between the statements of the various professional roles. I also wanted to find out whether children's mother tongue was spoken in the everyday praxis or not - or if the child’s origins were highlighted in other ways. Interviews were used as my reasearch metod.</p><p>My results showed that all teachers stress the use of a nuanced, rich and naming language in everyday praxis. For children with a mother tongue other than Swedish, it becomes more important with language aid, like pictures and concrete materials, according to teachers. Problematic aspects of speaking several languages in preschool were partly organizational - to obtain staff with multilingual skills - and partly to keep a balance in also emphasizing Swedish. In two of the preschools’ everyday activity, teachers speak languages other than Swedish. They do this referring to the positive cognitive effects on the child. Contrary to this, a preschool teacher at another preschool chose not to speak other languages in everyday activity. She feels that this sends out negative signals to the children whose first language is not spoken by any of the teachers. In general, there was a position with the teachers that problems and difficulties are in the profession, making an effort forms a part of the occupation.</p>

<p>Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka vilken uppfattning pedagoger i förskola och skola har om sambandet mellan mat och koncentration. Anser de att mat har en betydelse för barns förmåga att delta i de verksamheter de befinner sig i? För att barn och vuxna skall orka vara delaktiga i sociala sammanhang och kunna vara koncentrerade krävs en näringsriktig kost. Vi har därför sökt att få fram vad som betraktas vara en näringsriktig måltid för barn. Genom enkätundersökning, intervju, observation samt litteraturstudier har vi försökt att få fram svar på dessa frågor. Vi berör skolmatens historia och politiken kring hur det kom sig att barn överhuvudtaget skall serveras mat i de verksamheter de befinner sig i. Vi har försökt se bortanför det psykomedicinska paradigmet för att förklara vissa orsaker till koncentrationsvårigheter.</p><p>The purpose with this work is to examine how the pedagogy personnel in pre-school and school thinks about the connection between food and concentration. Do they believe that food has meaning for the children’s ability to participate in the educational programs they attend in? The strength children and adults need to have, for the ability to participate in social interaction, demands good nourishing food. Therefore we have tried to find answers to what a nutritious meal is for children. Trough questionnaire, interview, observation and litterateur studies we have tried to find answers to these questions. We discuss the history of the school-meal and the politics surrounding the question why children should be served food in the educational programs they attend in. We have tried to look beyond the psycho medical paradigm to explain some causes to behavior problem.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The signification of the eyesight for children’s development and learning- how do pedagogues support and stimulate children with defective vision in their development and learning in pre-school?</p><p>These issues are based on my purpose of the field survey investigations, where I have interviewed three pedagogues and also performed an observation.</p><p>My main conclusion and results describe that the vision is the high-powered engine in children’s development and learning. It also tells us that those around the children are very important for optimum development and learning, especially when it comes to supporting and stimulating children with defective vision in their necessities. Our other senses are a compensation to make it easier for children with defective visions in their lives. But all our senses are equally important for children with defective vision as they are for seeing children in their development and learning with their whole body in pre-school.</p><p>Keywords:</p><p>Eyesight, children with defective vision, development and learning in pre-school, pedagogues, pedagogical support and stimulation</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Vilken betydelse har synsinnet för barns utveckling och lärande? Hur kan pedagoger med hjälp av olika pedagogiska insatser eller hjälpmedel, stödja och stimulera barn som är synskadade i deras utveckling samt i sitt lärande i förskolan?</p><p>Dessa frågeställningar speglar mitt syfte med denna uppsats. Frågeställningarna i sin tur har under processens gång också vidarebearbetats till tre frågeområden, vilka också har varit centrala i undersökningens genomförande av en observation och intervjuer med tre pedagoger.</p><p>Huvudresultatet och min slutsats visar att synsinnet är motorn i ett barns utveckling och lärande. Om ett barn har en synskada är omgivningens förhållningssätt, bemötande och agerande livsviktigt för att stödja samt stimulera barnet optimalt utifrån de behov barnet har.</p><p>För att underlätta tillvaron för synskadade barn är våra övriga sinnen ett exempel på kompensatoriska hjälpinsatser, dessutom är de viktiga för alla barn i deras utveckling och lärande med hela kroppen i förskolan.</p><p>Nyckelord:</p><p>Synsinnet, synskadade barn, utveckling och lärande i förskolan, pedagoger, pedagogiska hjälpinsatser</p>

<p>Phonological awareness is the ability to recognise, identify and manipulate components in words. Phonological awareness is an important part of the early literacy learning, although researchers disagree on how the connection arises. In the United Kingdom, synthetic phonics is a recommended way to teach literacy and the Jolly Phonics is a common approach within this method. In Sweden, mostly synthetic but also analytic methods are used for literacy teaching. The PhonicStick is developed as a communication device for impaired people and is based on the Jolly Phonics. In this study, the PhonicStick was being tested on children aged 5 and 6 years in mainstream pre-school classes to evaluate the use of it and its use for improvement of phonological awareness. The participating children were randomly divided into a test and a control group. All children were pre- and post-tested to analyse the possible improvement of parts of the phonological awareness. The test group went through three PhonicStick sessions, including different games and tests. The results from the pre- and post-tests of phonological awareness showed no significant differences between the test and control group. However, four out of five PhonicStick tests showed a significant improvement between session 1 and session 3. This shows that the children in the study were able to handle the PhonicStick after only three sessions, including remembering phonics the without visual information and producing words including two or three phonics.</p> / <p>Fonologisk medvetenhet är förmågan att känna igen, identifiera och manipulera komponenter i ord. Fonologisk medvetenhet är en viktig del av den tidiga läsinlärningen även om forskarna är oeniga om hur sambandet uppstår. I Storbritannien är Synthetic Phonics en rekommenderad metod vid läs- och skrivinlärning och Jolly Phonics är en vanlig strategi inom denna metod. I Sverige används framför allt syntetiska men även analytiska metoder vid läs- och skrivundervisning. The PhonicStick är utvecklad som ett kommunikationshjälpmedel för personer med funktionsnedsättning och baseras på Jolly Phonics. I den här studien testades the PhonicStick på 5- och 6-åriga barn i vanliga förskoleklasser för att utvärdera användningen av den och dess användning för förbättring av den fonologiska medvetenheten. De deltagande barnen delades slumpmässigt in i en test- och en kontrollgrupp. Alla barn pre- och posttestades för analys av eventuella förbättringar i delar av den fonologiska medvetenheten. Testgruppen genomgick tre PhonicStick-tillfällen som inkluderade olika lekar och tester. Resultaten från pre- och posttesten av fonologisk medvetenhet visade inte några signifikanta skillnader mellan test- och kontrollgruppen. Fyra av fem PhonicStick-tester visade dock en signifikant förbättring mellan tillfälle 1 och tillfälle 3. Detta visar att barnen i studien kunde hantera the PhonicStick efter bara tre tillfällen, genom att komma ihåg fonem utan visuell information och att producera ord med två eller tre fonem.</p>

<p>In this thesis, pre-school teachers’ perceived control, is examined in relation to problem behaviours of children and the actions of teachers in the classroom. In addition, other factors that are thought to relate to teachers’ perceived control were studied.</p><p>The results of <i>Study I </i>indicate that pre-school teachers’ high perceived control was related to high intentions to act in the event of child behaviour problems. Teachers’ high satisfaction with their work was also related to high perceived control. <i>Study II </i>showed that low perceived control was associated with having a high proportion of children with a high level of externalising behaviours and of boys in the classroom. <i>Study III </i>shows that children who had a high level of externalising behaviours at the beginning and throughout the school year had teachers with low perceived control. Teachers’ perceived control was not related to their perception of internalising behaviours in the same way as to externalising behaviours and it was unrelated to a change in any direction of problem behaviours. Concerning changes in problem behaviours, no other factor was found, except a low child to adult ratio for a positive change of internalising behaviours. In <i>Study IV</i>, the aim was to examine naturally occurring child–teacher interactions. Teachers’ responding with commands to children was associated with teachers’ low perceived control, whereas restrictive teacher responses were not related to teachers’ perceived control.</p><p>The present study indicates that teachers’ perceptions of children are important for their perceived control. It provides evidence that teachers’ low perceived control is associated with their difficulties in handling externalising behaviours and the behaviour of the boys in the classroom. Responding to problem behaviours can be explained by teachers’ perceived control, and their perception of a child’s sex and externalising behaviours.</p>

The First Month at the Piano by Mana-Zucca, published in 1935, is a pioneering piano method to be taught by rote, supporting sound before sight learning theories, to the pre-school student. It differs from the Suzuki method in that The First Month at the Piano uses short, repetitive patterns, intrinsic to the Edwin Gordon Music Learning Theory. The First Month at the Piano has been compared to educational theories and has been found to follow Lev Vygotsky's theory of scaffolding and Jerome Bruner's principles of structure, readiness for learning, and motivation. The First Month at the Piano has been shown to provide a wide variety of sensory experiences for the pupil and establish a comfort and familiarity with the instrument. After completing the method, the pupil will have a solid aural foundation at the piano and will be fully prepared for primer level notation. It is a highly adaptable method and modified versions were made from the originals which would be of interest to today's teachers of pre-school piano students. Incorporation of interactive MIDI with electronic keyboards would enhance the students' learning experiences and be a direction to follow for future use of this method.

In this thesis, pre-school teachers’ perceived control, is examined in relation to problem behaviours of children and the actions of teachers in the classroom. In addition, other factors that are thought to relate to teachers’ perceived control were studied. The results of Study I indicate that pre-school teachers’ high perceived control was related to high intentions to act in the event of child behaviour problems. Teachers’ high satisfaction with their work was also related to high perceived control. Study II showed that low perceived control was associated with having a high proportion of children with a high level of externalising behaviours and of boys in the classroom. Study III shows that children who had a high level of externalising behaviours at the beginning and throughout the school year had teachers with low perceived control. Teachers’ perceived control was not related to their perception of internalising behaviours in the same way as to externalising behaviours and it was unrelated to a change in any direction of problem behaviours. Concerning changes in problem behaviours, no other factor was found, except a low child to adult ratio for a positive change of internalising behaviours. In Study IV, the aim was to examine naturally occurring child–teacher interactions. Teachers’ responding with commands to children was associated with teachers’ low perceived control, whereas restrictive teacher responses were not related to teachers’ perceived control. The present study indicates that teachers’ perceptions of children are important for their perceived control. It provides evidence that teachers’ low perceived control is associated with their difficulties in handling externalising behaviours and the behaviour of the boys in the classroom. Responding to problem behaviours can be explained by teachers’ perceived control, and their perception of a child’s sex and externalising behaviours.