A l’extrême nord du Chili, dans la région d’Arica-Parinacota, ce travail de recherche, axé sur l’étude de trois abris ornés (Vilacaurani, Incani et Anocariri), vise à mettre en évidence les étapes de la transformation culturelle et socio-économiques des populations andines en lien avec le processus de la domestication animale. Entre 2800 et 3800 m dans le piémont andin, l’implantation humaine semble correspondre à l’écosystème de certaines espèces, telles que le guanaco et le taruca, abondamment chassées pendant les périodes les plus anciennes. Les plus importants témoignages, actuellement connus, de cette occupation se retrouvent au cœur d’abris sous roche ou sur de larges panneaux à travers d’imposantes fresques polychromes. Les artistes ont mis l’accent sur la figure animale, principalement les camélidés de genre lama (guanaco et lama) et sur la représentation de scènes variées telles la chasse, le piégeage ou encore la pâture. Ces représentations sont significatives, car elles évoquent des possibles phases de la domestication des camélidés qui a débuté autour de 6000 BP dans les Andes centrales (Wings, 1986 ; Wheeler et al., 1977 ; Lavallée et Julien, 1980 ; Lavallée et al., 1995) débouchant sur le développement des sociétés pastorales et d’une économie de production dans les hautes terres andines. Pourtant, les mécanismes de cette transformation restent encore mal connus. Cette recherche offre une nouvelle lecture des manifestations artistiques comme source première d’information pour comprendre la transition socio-économique et culturelle des populations des hautes terres. A travers l’étude des scènes picturales et l’imposant système de superposition des figures, nous sommes en mesure de décrire le glissement progressif, autant sur le plan technique que symbolique, et les étapes transitoires qui caractérisent le passage d’une économie principalement fondée sur la chasse à une économie pastorale. / In the far north of Chile, in the region of Arica-Parinacota, this research, centered on the study of three decorated shelters (Vilacaurani, Incani and Anocariri), aim at highlighting the socioeconomic and cultural stages of the transformation of the Andean populations in connection with the process of the animal domestication. Between 2800 and 3800 m in Andean Piedmont, the human settling seems to correspond to the ecosystem of certain species such as the guanaco and the taruca abundantly hunted during the most ancient periods. The most important testimonies of this activity, so far known, are found at the heart of shelters or on wide panels through impressive polychromatic frescoes. The artists put the accent on the animal figure, mainly Camelidae of the genus Lama (guanaco and llama) and on the representation of varied scenes such hunting, capture or grazing. These representations are significant because they evoke possible phases of the Camelid’s domestication which began around 6000 BP in the central Andes (Wings, 1986 ; Wheeler et al., 1977 ; Lavallée et Julien, 1980 ; Lavallée et al., 1995) which result in the development of the pastoral societies and the economy of production in the Andean highlands. Nevertheless, mechanisms working in this transformation remain badly known. This research offers a new reading of the artistic manifestations as first source of information to understand the socioeconomic and cultural transition of the populations in the highlands. Through the study of the pictorial scenes and the impressive system of overlapping of figures, we are capable of describing the progressive sliding, both on the technical plan and the symbolism, and the transitory stages which characterize the passage of an economy mainly based on hunting to a pastoral economy.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-30T12:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃOREBECAALENCAR.pdf: 1674477 bytes, checksum: 73b3f4178071e4581183cbaa12cc30e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T12:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃOREBECAALENCAR.pdf: 1674477 bytes, checksum: 73b3f4178071e4581183cbaa12cc30e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / CAPES / A produção de conhecimento científico na área de Bioarqueologia no Nordeste brasileiro ainda tem se mostrado escassa, apesar dos avanços que a disciplina tem provado e da quantidade de sítios com remanescentes humanos que tem sido alvo de estudos por parte da Arqueologia. A Furna do Estrago, sítio com presença de grafismos rupestres e deposição funerária no Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco, forneceu rico material arqueológico e tem sido alvo de pesquisas em diversas áreas da Arqueologia (Arqueobotânica, Zooarqueologia, Antropologia Física, Bioarqueologia) desde sua primeira campanha de escavação, em 1982. O material ósseo proveniente do sítio supracitado, objeto desta pesquisa, apresenta bom estado de conservação e múltiplas variáveis dignas de estudo. Esta pesquisa tem como foco as remodelações ósseas características da osteoartrite nos adultos jovens – com idade entre 20 e 34 anos – que foram inumados no sítio Furna do Estrago, utilizando os métodos e técnicas da Bioarqueologia, Paleopatologia e Antropologia Física. A osteoartrite é uma doença das articulações que afeta principalmente pessoas com idade avançada, mas pode ser causada também por fatores como estresse mecânico e consanguinidade. A partir da análise macroscópica das remodelações patológicas em 16 indivíduos, dentre os quais 4 femininos e 12 masculinos, foram identificados sinais de osteoartrite nas superfícies articulares em 13 (≈81%) indivíduos. A hipótese inicial de que a osteoartrite teria como fator principal a sobrecarga mecânica a que os esqueletos eram expostos não foi completamente descartada. Contudo, a causa possível para a presença de osteoartrite nos indivíduos jovens do grupo parece estar ligada à consanguinidade presente no grupo. Este estudo contribui para a caracterização de instâncias do perfil funerário de uma população pré-histórica do Agreste pernambucano, representadas pelas doenças articulares – osteoartrite –, indicando estresses associados ao tipo de mobilidade e demanda corporal possivelmente relacionada aos modos de interação social, subsistência e adaptação ambiental específicas. / Scientific production on Bioarcheology area in Brazilian Northeastern Region has been being still scarce, despite the advances the subject has been shown and the quantity of sites with human remains which has been made objects of studies by Archaeology. Furna do Estrago (Damage Cave), site with presence of rocky graphs and funerary deposition on Agreste region of Pernambuco state, provided rich archaeological materials and has been made object of research on several areas of Archaeology (Archaeobotany, Zooarcheology, Physical Anthropology, Bioarcheology) since the first excavation campaign there, in 1982. The bone materials originated from the mentioned site, object of this research, shows a good conservation status and multiple variables worthy of study. This research focuses the bone remodelingthat characterizes ostheoarthritis on young adults - between 20 and 34 years old - who were buried in Furna do Estrago site, utilizing the methods and techniques of Bioarcheology, Paleopathology and Physical Anthropology. Osteoarthriris is a disease that occurs on joints and affects mostly people with advanced age, but may be also caused by factors such as mechanical stress and consanguinity. From macroscopic analysis of the pathological remodeling on 16 individuals, included 4 females and 12 males, signs of osteoarthritis were identified on 13 (≈81%) individuals. The initial hypothesis that osteoarthritis should have mechanical overload as the main cause was not completely discarded. However, the possible cause for the presence of osteoarthritis on young individuals of the group seems to be linked to consanguinity present on the group. This study contributes to characterization of instances of the funerary profile of a prehistorical population of Pernambucan Agreste, represented by joint diseases - osteoarthritis -, indicating stress associated to the type of mobility and body demand possibly related to ways of social interaction, subsistence and specific environmental adaptation.

Ce travail de recherche est consacré à l’analyse des évidences directes et indirectes des moyens de navigation en milieu maritime dans la partie occidentale de la Méditerranée, du début jusqu’à de l’âge du Fer Premier. A partir de la révision générale du répertoire iconographique de la période provenant de plusieurs sites colloqués entre l’Adriatique et la péninsule Ibérique, l’étude conduite souligne l’existence de plusieurs traditions locaux, reconnaissables en clé régionale, à partir du moins de l’âge du Bronze. L’identification de ces traditions, bien lisibles à travers les expressions culturelles des peuples locaux, nous permet d’affirmer que plusieurs peuples de cette partie de la Méditerranée antique avaient déjà développé, le long de la préhistoire, des solutions techniques et formelles propres dans le domaine naval. Dans les chapitres, l’analyse de ces éléments techniques et culturels de l’Occident est donc gérée tant à partir de l’iconographie qu’à la lumière des épaves. Même en absence d’un grand nombre de témoignages directs, cela nous permet d’affirmer que les traditions culturelles qu’on reconnaît à partir des premières figures gravée ou peintes dans des sites de région, ont en effet une dimension technologique. Malheureusement, les données archéologiques dont nous disposons ne nous permettent pas d’isoler tous ces éléments, ni de proposer la définition des familles architecturales locales, sauf que pour la période plus tardive, lors de l’arrivée des Grecs et des Phéniciens. / This research deals with the analysis of the evidence of maritime means of transports in use in the Western Mediterranean sea between the birth of the human navigation and the First Iron Age. Starting from a general revision of the local naval iconography of the period, based on a reassessment of the evidence coming from many archaeological sites placed between the Adriatic Sea and the Southern Spanish coasts, the study shed a light the existence of many different regional traditions that date back at least from the Bronze Age. The possibility to identify these traditions, as well as to examine them from a diachronic point of view, allows the author to state that we cannot think about an introduction from the east of the concept of maritime navigation. During the prehistory, particularly from the Bronze Age, the local cultural groups of this area seem in fact to have already developed good naval attitudes and capabilities. Even the analysis of the local iconography in the light of the technological elements that we can isolate on the Mediterranean wrecks of this period seems to confirm the existence of these local traditions. Unfortunately, the lack of a good number of direct evidence pertaining to wrecks do not permit us investigating these technological traditions. Thus, we cannot not identify the architectural families of the earliest phases; we can have an idea of their existence only in correspondence with the presence of Greeks and Phoenicians merchants and ships.

Négligées ces vingt dernières années, les séries attribuées aux phases récentes de l’Aurignacien ont trop rarement bénéficié d’études modernes, tournées inexorablement vers la recherche du plus ancien Aurignacien et de ses éventuels points de contact avec les dernières sociétés néandertaliennes. De plus, les dernières synthèses et propositions de classification de l’Aurignacien sont fondées sur des données typologiques issues de séries dont l’homogénéité n’a pas toujours été critiquée. La révision taphonomique et techno-économique de séries classiques du Sud-Ouest de la France (Caminade-Est, l’abri Pataud, Roc-de-Combe, Le Flageolet I, La Ferrassie et Combemenue) nous a permis d’entrevoir et d’identifier des variations diachroniques au sein de ce techno-complexe. Sur la base notamment des productions lamellaires, sept phases ont pu être reconnues, renouvelant ainsi notre perception des premières sociétés du Paléolithique supérieur portées par l’Homme moderne. / Neglected past twenty years, the series attributed to recent phases of the Aurignacian have rarely received modern studies, touring relentlessly researching the earliest Aurignacian and its possible contact points with the last Neanderthal societies. In addition, recent proposals for classification and synthesis of the Aurignacian are based on data from typological series whose homogeneity has not always been criticized. Taphonomic and techno-economic revision of classic series from Southwestern France (Caminade-Est, l’abri Pataud, Roc-de-Combe, Le Flageolet I, La Ferrassie et Combemenue) allowed us to foresee and identify diachronic variations in this techno-complex. Based on such bladelets productions, seven phases have been recognized, renewing our perception of the first society of Upper Paleolithic made by modern humans.

The insular nature of the Maltese archipelago provides a unique opportunity to explore trade and cultural change from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages in the central Mediterranean. I hypothesize that, during the period in which the Maltese islands were experiencing a form of isolation—owing either to their distance from Sicily and other populated regions, to the collective formation of an inwardly-focused culture, or to a combination of these factors—it is unlikely that pottery played a significant role as either an import or export in the archipelago’s exchange relationships with other communities in the central Mediterranean. I accordingly propose that ceramics were only significant in the interaction networks between Malta and its neighbors during periods when the archipelago was culturally connected to Sicily. Except for a limited number of archaeometric studies (Barone et al. 2015; Molitor 1988; Mommsen et al. 2006), analysis of similarities among ceramic wares produced in Malta and elsewhere that allow archaeologists to draw conclusions about the nature of Malta’s connectivity to other communities has been based on macroscopic observation. The present study builds on the few archaeometric studies by determining the provenance of ceramic samples based on their trace elemental composition. Included in this study were both clay samples and ceramic artifacts representing each of Malta’s chronological phases from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages. Specifically, in order to address the question of the role that pottery played in the prehistoric trade of the Maltese islands, 392 Maltese ceramic sherds were analyzed using a Bruker III-V handheld portable X-ray fluorescence device, which revealed the relative abundance of six trace elements, namely thorium, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, and niobium. The trace elemental composition of the Maltese pottery was compared with that of 18 Sicilian ceramic sherds and clay samples from both Malta and Sicily. The results of this research support my hypothesis in part, suggesting that neither ceramics nor raw clay materials played a significant role in overseas trade during Malta’s period of cultural isolation, which extended from the Ġgantija phase to the end of the Tarxien phase. On the other hand, ceramics played a more active role in Malta’s interaction networks during periods of connectivity with Sicily, for instance in the Neolithic Age. This study also provides the first chemical evidence that Malta exported pottery to Sicily during the Bronze Age and that Malta’s contact with Mycenaeans was indirect in nature. The findings presented here thus contribute to understanding Malta’s role in trade and interaction networks from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ages and point to new approaches to exploring the cultural change that becomes apparent in the Maltese Temple Period.

Notre travail porte sur les représentations des élèves de CE2, CM1 et CM2 sur la préhistoire et Cro-Magnon en articulant des éclairages propres à la didactique de l’histoire (modèle intermédiaire d’appropriation de l’histoire) et à la psychologie sociale (théorie des représentations sociales). Nous sommes partis du postulat que les savoirs de l’histoire scolaire étaient simplifiés à l’extrême, emplis de sens commun et parfois en contradiction avec les avancées récentes de la recherche. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la représentation des élèves sur la préhistoire était particulièrement unifiée, sous l’influence des représentations sociales historiques et socioculturelles, malgré l’intervention de l’enseignement. Après avoir présenté le cadre théorique, nous avons réalisé une étude épistémologique historique sur la préhistoire et Cro-Magnon avec une analyse des représentations historiques à partir d’une étude bibliographique, une synthèse des analyses récentes sur les représentations de la préhistoire et une synthèse des données scientifiques actuelles sur la préhistoire. Les analyses issues de l’objet d’étude ont permis d’identifier les principaux obstacles épistémologiques et les représentations sous-jacentes. Nous avons ensuite procédé à l’analyse de données empiriques que nous avons recueillies sous plusieurs formes : des questionnaires d’évocations hiérarchisées et des questionnaires de caractérisation. Une étude plus standard à l’aide d’un questionnaire classique a complété le dispositif : ce questionnaire, distribué avant, pendant et après le cours de préhistoire pour le niveau CE2, a permis à travers une étude diachronique de mesurer l’influence de l’enseignement sur les représentations des élèves. Les résultats ont été confrontés à ceux de l’objet d’étude et ont rendu possible l’identification de représentations ainsi que les principes organisateurs de prise de position c’est-à-dire leur ancrage socioculturel. Nous avons montré que le sens attribué à l’objet de représentation sociale de la Préhistoire est le résultat d’une convergence de différents facteurs dont finalement l’enseignement n’est qu’un élément périphérique voire marginal. L’influence majeure provient des déterminants historiques et socioculturels. Le savoir scolaire de sens commun élaboré à l’issue de l’intervention de l’enseignant était proche à bien des égards du savoir prescrit parce que ce dernier est aussi, en grande partie, un savoir socioreprésenté. La distance entre savoir appris et savoir prescrit d’une part et le savoir savant d’autre part est telle qu’il est possible de parler d’une rupture épistémologique. Du point de vue méthodologique, la triangulation a montré l’intérêt et la spécificité de chaque méthode : le questionnaire classique ne permet pas d’appréhender la structuration d’une représentation mais offre de nombreuses informations nécessaires à la compréhension des données produites par les outils plus spécifiques comme les questionnaires d’évocations et de caractérisation. C’est la diversité des approches qui a permis de circonscrire le savoir de sens commun scolaire sur la préhistoire. Ce savoir est particulièrement homogène car il est en grande partie socialement partagé et historiquement transmis. Il est aussi le résultat de la position que chaque élève occupe dans le champ social et culturel : cette position contribue selon les variables en jeu à sa structuration. Il s’agit d’un savoir socioreprésenté plutôt qu’un savoir socioconstruit car au final l’influence de la pensée sociale est prépondérante face à l’absence d’un apport constructiviste qui aurait pu « élever » et « stabiliser » la pensée de sens commun vers une pensée plus rationnelle dite « pensée historienne scolaire ». La discipline savante de référence de la préhistoire, l’archéologie, nous semble être la ressource idéale dans laquelle puiser pour la mise en œuvre d’une pédagogie socioconstructiviste qui favoriserait le développement d’un mode de pensée rationnel. / Our work focuses on the representations of pupils in French school levels of “CE2”, “CM1” and “CM2” on prehistory and Cro-Magnon by articulating insights specific to the didactics of History (intermediate model of the appropriation of History) and social psychology (theory of social representations).We started from the principle that knowledge in History acquired at school was simplified to the extreme, full of common sense and sometimes in contradiction with the recent advances in prehistoric research. By doing so, school knowledge would be a socio-represented academic knowledge rather than a school knowledge socio-built essentially of educated RS. We made assumptions that pupils representations on prehistory was particularly unified under the influence of historical and socio-cultural social representations, despite the intervention of education. The programs and especially the manuals themselves filled with social representations would promote social thinking at the expense of a controlled historical thinking.We focused on methodological triangulation and conducted several types of analysis in order to confront them. After presenting the theoretical framework, we conducted a historical epistemological study on prehistory and Cro-Magnon with an analysis of historical representations from a bibliographic review, a synthesis of recent analyzes of representations of prehistory and a synthesis of current scientific data on prehistory. Analyses from the object of study identified the main epistemological obstacles and the underlying representations.We then proceeded to the analysis of empirical data that was collected in several ways: prioritized evocations questionnaires and characterization questionnaires. A more standard study using a classic questionnaire completed the device/scheme: this questionnaire distributed before, during and after the prehistory lesson for the CE2 level, enabled through a diachronic study to measure the influence of teaching on the pupils representations.The results were compared with those of the object of study and have made possible the identification of representations as well as the organizing principles of position statements, that is to say, their socio-cultural anchor.We showed that the meaning attributed to the object of social representation of Prehistory is the result of a confluence of factors where, in the end, teaching is only a marginal or a peripheral element. The major influence comes from the historical and sociocultural determinants. School knowledge of common sense developed after the teacher's intervention was close, in many ways, to the knowledge to be taught, because the latter is also, to a large extent, a socio-represented knowledge. The distance between learned knowledge and knowledge to be taught, on the one hand, and scientific knowledge on the other hand, is such that it is possible to speak of an epistemological rupture. From a methodological point of view, triangulation has showed the interest and the specificity of each method: the classic questionnaire does not allow to allow to understand the structuring of a representation but offers a lot of information necessary for the understanding of the data produced by more specific tools like evocations and characterization questionnaires. It is the diversity of approaches that helped identify the school knowledge of common sense on prehistory.Learning is not just the result of memory but an integration-reconstruction of knowledge elements. School knowledge of common sense on prehistory is particularly homogeneous because it is largely socially shared and historically transmitted. This knowledge is also the result of the position that each pupil occupies in the social and cultural fields: this position contributes according to variables involved (sex, socio-professional categories, level, geography, type of pedagogy, classroom / school) to its structuring. It is a socio-represented knowledge rather than a socio-b

Přízřenice, Česká Bělá), Slovakia (Bíňa Čata) and The detection of climatic changes within the glacial palaeosols of the Bíňa Čata locality was Přízřenice, made of Phaeozem and Chernozem with intensive anthropogenic influence methods. In the case of medieval alluvial sediments in the Březina floodplain near Česká Bělá,

A geophysical survey was conducted at David Crockett Birthplace State Park (40GN205, 40GN12) using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetometry. The data indicated multiple levels of occupation that were investigated by Phase II and Phase III archaeological excavations. New cultural components were discovered, including the remnants of a Protohistoric Native American structure containing European glass trade beads and Middle Woodland artifacts that suggest trade with Hopewell groups from Ohio. A circular Archaic hearth was uncovered at one meter below surface and similar deep anomalies were seen in the GPR data at this level. A semi-automated object-based image analysis (OBIA) was implemented to extract Archaic circular hearths from GPR depth slices using user-defined spatial parameters (depth, area, perimeter, length to width ratio, and circularity index) followed by manual interpretation. This approach successfully identified sixteen probable hearths distributed across the site in a semi-clustered pattern.

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I mitt kandidatarbete har jag genomfört en analys av George Crumbs (1929-2022) verk VOX BALAENAE (1971) som en form av auditiv paleokonst. Paleokonst är en genre inom bildkonsten som syftar till att med hjälp av paleontologi skapa bilder av hur förhistorisk flora och fauna kan ha sett ut. Andra satsen i VOX BALAENAE är en tema- och variationssats, Crumb har namngivit variationerna efter geologiska tidsåldrar, medan de kringliggande satserna är tillägnade själva tidens början och slut. Mitt fokus ligger på att analysera och jämföra musiken med den geologiska tidsålder som den gestaltar. Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur Crumb musikaliskt gestaltar de geologiska tidsåldrarna och att se om förståelse av detta kan hjälpa mig att tolka och framföra stycket på ett mer meningsfullt sätt. Genom att analysera Crumbs musikaliska gestaltning av tidsperioderna kan jag få en djupare förståelse av hur musiken kan användas för att gestalta historiska epoker vilket i sin tur kan ge nya insikter om kopplingar mellan vetenskap och konst. Crumb använder sig av rytmik och kopplingarmellan fraser för att gestalta evolutionen samt skapar olika klangvärldar med hjälp av instrumentering och preparering av piano för att skapa musikaliska ljudlandskap. Att analysera ett verk i noggrann detalj är inte nödvändigtvis till gagn för det slutliga framförandet. Arbetet har vållat mig stor ångest och ibland hindrat mig från att tolka materialet ur ett enbart musikaliskt perspektiv. / <p>Ljudinspelning från examenskonsert 26/5-2023</p><p>VOX BALAENAE (1971) - George Crumb (1929-2022)</p><p>Emma Eskeby - flöjt</p><p>Hedvig Bengtsson - cello</p><p>Octavian Leyva Dragomir - piano</p>