Se tiene un grupo de requerimientos de piezas con una cantidad ilimitada de barras de algún tipo de material de tamaño estándar y éste posee mayor dimensión que el grupo de requerimientos. El problema de cortes 1D describe la utilización de las barras de tamaño estándar realizando cortes sobre ellas, de manera que se satisfaga todos los requerimientos con el menor número de barras de tamaño estándar. El problema es catalogado como NP-Difícil [Garey+79], y es ampliamente aplicado en diversos sectores de la industria tales como la maderera, vidrio, papelera, siderúrgica, etc. La presente tesis propone dos algoritmos GRASP Reactivo para el problema de cortes 1D, basado en los algoritmos GRASP BFD y GRASP FFD propuestos por [Mauricio+02], además, desarrolla un sistema de optimización basado en los algoritmos propuesto. Se realizan experimentos numéricos del algoritmo propuesto sobre 100 instancias de pruebas, de donde se obtiene una eficiencia promedio de 97.04% y una eficiencia ponderada de 97,19% para el GRASP Reactivo BFD con proceso de mejoría, además se observa que el GRASP BFD con proceso de mejoría converge más rápido al encontrar una solución, donde realiza en promedio 1237 iteraciones. Los resultados numéricos muestran una mejora del GRASP Reactivo con respecto al GRASP básico implementado por Ganoza y Solano [Ganoza+02] que obtuvo una eficiencia promedio de 96.73%. Estas mejorías se pueden explicar porque el parámetro de relajación y se ajusta de manera automática y es guiada en la búsqueda de una mejor solución. Palabras clave: GRASP Reactivo, optimización combinatoria, meta heurísticas, problema de corte y empaquetado. / It has a set of requirements of parts with an unlimited number of bars of some kind of standard size and material and this has increased the group size requirements. The cutting stock problem 1D describes the use of standard-size bars of making cuts on them, so that it meets all requirements with the least number of standard size bars. The problem is listed as NP-Hard [Garey+79], and is widely used in various industry sectors such as wood, glass, paper, steel, and so on. This thesis proposes two algorithms Reactive GRASP to the cutting stock problem 1D, based on the algorithms GRASP BFD and GRASP FFD proposed by [Mauricio+02], also, developed an optimization system based on the proposed algorithms. Numerical experiments are conducted of the proposed algorithm on 100 instances of testing, where you get an average efficiency of 97.04% and a weighted efficiency of 97,04%, also be seen that the GRASP BFD with improvement converges faster to find a solution average of 1237 iterations. The numerical results show an improvement of reactive GRASP with respect to the basic GRASP implemented by Ganoza and Solano [Ganoza+02], who obtained an average efficiency of 96,73%. These improvements can be explained as the relaxation parameter and is set automatically and is guided in the search for a better solution. Keywords: Reactive GRASP, combinatorial optimization, metaheuristics, cutting stock problem.

Place of writing the study: Lithuanian university of agriculture. Institute of rural culture. Academy. 2006 years. Volume of work:57 pages There are:3 tables, 14 pictures, 5 appendices Bibliography:39 publications Object of research: Stress experienced by the the people at work in educational institutions Methods of research: 1. The analysis of bibliography. 2. The questionnaire about stress at work taken from J.Pikūnas, A.Palujanskienė‘s book „Stresas“ (2005), page No 86. 3. The questionnaire about inner stressors taken from J. Pikūnas, A.Palujanskienė‘s book „ Stresas“ (2005), page No 30. 4. Additional questions in order to rate stressors affecting workers in educational institutions and ways of overcoming stress. 5. The statistical analysis of data. Results of research: The hypothesis of research proved partly: there is a different level of stress in different schools; factors influencing stress are different but ways of dealing with stress are the same, except the activity in spirituals. Educators at Lukšiai secondary school and Viliampolė children and youth boarding – school feel moderate stress; educators at Kolpingas College suffer from strong stress. Inner stressors mostly affect workers at Viliampolė children and youth boarding – school is the sequence of structure of the organization and microclimate. There is no one dominant factor for the teachers at Lukšiai V.Grybas secondary school – both factors related with tasks, the role of the worker and communication... [to full text]

When Lithuania became the part of the Europian Union market, it has to compete with increasing competition of the international market. The following elements: work qualification, material investment, skills of marketing and management, scientific research papers determine work productivity and competitive advantages of the country. In such conditions Lithuanian companies can compete in the international market but this depends from the company staff, how they manage to use their knowledge, qualification and creativity. If we want not to be behind with the world tendencies in the state and company level, it is important to understand human resources and to develop them. Unemployment problem is one of the biggest world economical and social problems.Increasing busyness promotes economic growth and increasing work income of people guarantees stability of the country and welfare of the people.That is why big and effective busyness is one of the most important social political aims of the state, which can be successfully solved by decreasing unemployment by creating new work places. Talking about the improvement of vocational training system it is planned to optimise vocational institutions, create training quality sponsorship system, to give the evaluation of the qualification to institutions which represent competetive employers, develop distance training, integrate into the market groups (unemployed people, young people without profession or people who only start their... [to full text]

Darbe yra nagrinėjamas reikalavimo perleidimo institutas. Apžvelgiama jo istorinė raida nuo pirminės sampratos ir reglamentavimo Romos teisėje iki šiuolaikinės sampratos ir reglamentavimo įvairių valstybių teisės sistemoje. Analizuojama reikalavimo teisių perleidimo instituto raida LR CK nuo 1964 metų iki šiuo metu galiojančio CK. Aptariama, cedento ir cesionieriaus padėtis pasikeitus prievolės šalims. Analizuojama hipotekos reikalavimo perleidimas. Reikalavimo teisių perleidimas vis labiau plinta ekonominiuose santykiuose ir bankų veikloje, todėl aptariamas reikalavimo teisių perleidimo ir pakeitimo vertybiniais popieriais sandorių santykis. Kadangi reikalavimo teisių perleidimas yra nematerialus turtas- tai perleidimas galimas tarp skirtingų valstybių narių. Kaip rodo teisės aktai, kol kas nėra vieningo teisės akto kuris reglamentuotų reikalavimo teisų perleidimą tarp skirtinų valstybių subjektų. Šiuo metu reikalavimo perleidimas yra reglamentuotas Romos konvencijoje, tai aptariama ir Unidroit išleistuose teisės aktuose ir kt. / Master’s final paper is devoted to assignment of claims theoretical and practical problems. The assignment of rights is becoming more and more popular in economic relations. In Lithuanian law there are three institutes of change of people in an obligation: the assignment of claim, novation and subrogation. The assignment of claims (latin cession) encompasses the transfer of rights held by one party, the assignor-to another party- the assignee. First of all the author puts through the review of the historical development of the institute of cession from Roman law to foreign countries such as England, French, German and others, then researches the institutes of the assignment of claim, points out the main problems arising in the field of conception of this institute and approaches to the pecularities of the legal position of persons in obligation. The assignment of right is intangible property, which are not susceptible to physical loss, damage and deterioration, they can be transferred from one country to another at the press of a button. The development of assignment has not only occurred on a national level, it spread between foreign countries. The assignment of claims institute became very popular in last to decades, in bank activities, and in this paper the author is analyzing the securitization as a legal form of assignment. There is no commom act between European countries which regulates the assignment of right. The assignment of claim is regulated in Roma Convention... [to full text]

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-15T23:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2013-07-16T17:01:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 261413.pdf: 1366941 bytes, checksum: b7b9ae8617c04ca0ee56adc05aa8c9f4 (MD5)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T04:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T16:56:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 84623.pdf: 1326780 bytes, checksum: e5f54c185f25103cee442b653baf6199 (MD5) / Tunelamento em superfície de energia multidimensionais é um problema interessante e desafiador em várias áreas da física. Em física nuclear o tratamento microscópico de fissão leva a superfície multidimensionais, das quais deve-se extrair a trajetória de tunelamento. Teorias como Hartree Fock Dependente do Tempo Adiabática e Hartree Fock com Vínculo (Constrained Hartree Fock) devem nos dar meios para obter a trajetória de fissão. Entretanto estas prescrições não são únicas, e deste modo, podem gerar diferentes potenciais e inércias para o processo. Temos ainda o problema de que a trajetória não define um grau de liberdade exatamente desacoplado, e a influência dos outros graus de liberdade não é levada em conta para cálculos unidimensionais. Neste trabalho, nós investigamos a aplicabilidade do método de bases gaussianas não ortogonais para tratar o grau de liberdade de tunelamento acoplado a N osciladores harmônicos iguais. O método é aplicado para um modelo de muitos corpos, proposto recentemente por Arve e seus colaboradores. Nossos resultados são comparados com os seguintes métodos: Hartree Fock com Vínculo, Hartree-Fock Dependente do Tempo, Movimentos Coletivos de Grande Amplitude e os resultados exatos.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática e Computação Científica. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T19:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 248382.pdf: 390919 bytes, checksum: 7fcbdb3407b73db7794b8e411f407887 (MD5) / Definimos o Laplaciano e a Curvatura Escalar sobre uma variedade M e os invariantes de Yamabe e de Perelman. Provamos que eles são iguais quando o primeiro é não positivo e que o invariante de Perelman é igual a mais infinito quando o invariante de Yamabe é positivo.

La teoría de las superficies mínimas y en general las inmersiones mínimas es un tema muy atrayente en el que se realiza un intenso trabajo de investigación dentro de la Geometría Diferencial. Desde los inicios de esta teoría se pudo notar la relación entre la propiedad de minimalidad y las aplicaciones armónicas. En los inicios E. Beltrami establece que una superficie en R3 es mínima si sus componentes son funciones armónicas. Hasta llegar a nuestros días donde Eells-Sampson establece que una inmersión isométrica es mínima si tal aplicación es armónica.

Consideramos o problema de Stokes em regiões com cilindros semi-infinitos conectados por um domínio limitado qualquer. Além das condições iniciais e de contorno, é imposto uma condição sobre o comportamento da pressão quando |x| → +∞. Apresentamos um problema proposto por D. Koch envolvendo tais situações e formulamos o problema em regiões mais gerais. Técnicas usadas na resolução do conhecido problema de Leray permitem a demonstração da existência de soluções para o problema variacional. / We consider the Stokes’ problem in regions with cylindrical outlets to infinity connected by an arbitrary bounded domain. We impose an additional condition about the pressure behavior as |x| → +∞, in addition to the usual initial and boundary conditions over the velocity field. We present a problem proposed by D. Koch concerning such regions and conditions, and we formulate it in terms of more general ones. The techniques used in the well-known Leray’s problem allow the demonstration of the existence of solutions to the variational problem.

Estudamos o problema de Dirichlet para a equação das superfícies mínimas em domínios limitados do plano. Provamos a existência e unicidade de gráficos mínimos sobre domínios limitados e não necessariamente convexos, com valores no bordo satisfazendo uma condição que denominamos condição da declividade limitada generalizada a qual, usando cilindros no lugar de planos, generaliza a condição clássica da declividade limitada. Com este resultado, dado um domínio limitado e suave qualquer do plano, conseguimos obter cotas explícitas para a norma C2 de dados no bordo deste domínio que garantem a existência de solução ao correspondente problema de Dirichlet.