Bakgrund  Majoriteten av alla förlossningar är så kallade vaginala förlossningar. Vården efter en förlossning innebär ofta en kort kontakt vilken avslutas runt tre månader postpartum. Under vaginal förlossning ådrar sig vissa kvinnor skador vilka kvarstår i över sex månader och upp till flera år postpartum. I vissa fall kan även problematik kopplat till sådana skador uppstå flera år efter en förlossning. Sådana långvariga förlossningsskador är: bäckenbottenprolaps, fekal- och urininkontinens, dyspareuni och bäckensmärta. Dessa skador medför bland annat sviktande basala kroppsfunktioner och smärta. Hälso- och sjukvården spelar en viktig roll i stötta dessa kvinnor för att bibehålla deras KASAM och livskvalitet.   Syfte Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med långvariga förlossningsskador.   Metod Den metod som använts för detta arbete var en litteraturöversikt baserad på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar vilka analyserades enligt så kallad integrerad analys.   Resultat Kvinnor med långvariga förlossningsskador upplevde en låg hälsa och livskvalitet. Dessa kvinnor upplevde många begränsningar i vardagen och en påverkan på fysisk förmåga, psykiskt mående, relationer och sexuell hälsa. Många kvinnor var missnöjda med den vård de mottagit för sin skada, speciellt gällande bemötandet och erhållen information. Flertalet kvinnor var oroliga inför framtiden medan vissa var hoppfulla eller hade funnit acceptans inför sin situation.   Slutsats I denna litteraturöversikts resultatdel framkom det att omvårdnaden av kvinnor vilka lever med långvariga förlossningsskador är bristfällig, detta gällande främst bemötande och informatik. Två områden vilka är essentiella i sjuksköterskans yrkesutövande. För att förbättra kvinnors självupplevda hälsa och livskvalitet behöver dessa områden utvecklas i form av ett större fokus på personcentrerad omvårdnad och utökad information kring eventuella långvariga förlossningsskador i samband med förlossning. / Background  The majority of all deliveries are vaginal deliveries. After childbirth, the care often involves a short contact which is completed around three months postpartum. During vaginal delivery, some women suffer injuries that persist for over six months and up to several years postpartum. In some cases, problems associated with such injuries can also occur several years after giving birth. Examples of such long-term injuries are: pelvic organ prolapse, fecal and urinary incontinence, dyspareunia and pelvic pain. These injuries cause, among other things, failing basic bodily functions and pain. Health care plays an important role in supporting these women to maintain their sense of coherence and quality of life.   Aim The aim was to highlight women’s experiences of living with long-term maternal childbirth injuries.   Method The chosen method for this study was a literature review based on 16 scientific articles that were analyzed using integrated analysis.   Results Women with long-term maternal childbirth injuries experienced poor health and quality of life. These women experienced many limitations in their everyday life and an impact on physical ability, mental health, relationships and sexual health. Many women were dissatisfied with the health care they received for their injury, especially regarding the care and information received. Most women were worried about the future, but some women were hopeful or had found acceptance for their situation.   Conclusions In the results section of this literature study, it was found that the health care of women living with long-term maternal childbirth injuries is inadequate. This regarding how the health care staff treat the women and the information they receive. Two areas that are essential in the nurse's professional practice. In order to improve women's self-perceived health and quality of life, these areas need to be developed through a greater focus on person-centered care and broadened information about possible long-term birth injuries in connection with childbirth.

Background: A lot of women who goes through a vaginal delivery will contract injuries due to the delivery. These injuries are termed as tears, prolapse, dyspareunia, incontinence and the symptoms can affect the women in their daily life. The nurse will get in contact with these women in different contexts when the women seek help for her problems. There is an estimated number of unknown cases that are caused by injuries from the delivery due partly to the normalization in the society. It can also be linked to the ignorance and absence from the health care. Aim: The purpose of the literary survey was to describe how life is affected due to the experiences of injuries from delivery. Method: The literature survey has been based on ten scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The authors obtained the articles by searches in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: From the result three main themes was extracted that was the main findings of how the women experiences their life quality due to the injuries from the delivery. A non-working body, physical, psychological, sexual and social limitations and moving on with life. Summary: Suffering a birth injury can be associated with loss of vital functions, pain, discomfort, worry, anxiety and depression. These can lead to the body being perceived as dysfunctional and entail limitations physically, psychologically, sexually and socially. A good treatment from healthcare is important to get the right diagnosis, treatment and support to be able to move on in life. / Background: A lot of women who goes through a vaginal delivery will contract injuries due to the delivery. These injuries are termed as tears, prolapse, dyspareunia, incontinence and the symptoms can affect the women in their daily life. The nurse will get in contact with these women in different contexts when the women seek help for her problems. There is an estimated number of unknown cases that are caused by injuries from the delivery due partly to the normalization in the society. It can also belinked to ignorance and absence from the health care. Aim: The purpose of the literary survey was to describe how life is affected due to the experiences of injuries from delivery. Method: The literature survey has been based on ten scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The authors obtained the articles by searches in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: From the result three main themes was extracted that was the main findings of how the women experiences their life quality due to the injuries from the delivery. A non-working body, physical, psychological, sexual and social limitations and moving on with life. Summary: Suffering a birth injury can be associated with loss of vital functions, pain, discomfort, worry, anxiety and depression. These can lead to the body being perceived as dysfunctional and entail limitations physically, psychologically, sexually and socially. A good treatment from healthcare is important to get the right diagnosis, treatment and support to be able to move on in life.

Currarino-Silverman syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by premature fusion of manubrio-sternal joint and the sternal segments, resulting in a high carinate chest deformity; it is frequently associated with congenital heart disease. Among the various heart lesions reported in this syndrome, mitral valve disease and coarctation of the aorta have not yet been described (to our knowledge). Our report consists of five children with this syndrome, four of whom had mitral valve disease, with an associated coarctation of the aorta in one patient. The fifth patient had an innocent heart murmur.

INTRODUÇÃO: A plastia valvar mitral é o tratamento de escolha para a correção da insuficiência mitral mixomatosa. Estudos ecocardiográficos tridimensionais demonstram que a plastia mitral com implante de anéis protéticos altera a morfologia e a função do anel valvar mitral, porém a literatura é escassa em relação ao comportamento do anel mitral após a plastia mitral sem utilização de anéis protéticos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a morfologia e a função cardíaca de indivíduos submetidos à plastia valvar mitral pela técnica de Duplo Teflon, através da ecocardiografia tridimensional em tempo real. CASUÍSTICA: Foram incluídos 14 pacientes portadores de insuficiência mitral secundária a degeneração mixomatosa, que foram submetidos à plastia valvar mitral pela técnica de Duplo Teflon. Destes, 10 pacientes eram do sexo masculino e a idade média foi de 61,3 ± 11,2 anos. Em relação à classe funcional, 13 pacientes encontravam-se em classe III ou IV no período pré-operatório. Na análise ecocardiográfica pré-operatória, o valor médio do volume diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo foi 156,57 ± 46,61ml, e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo variou de 38 a 68%, com média de 57,93 ± 6,67%. O valor médio do anel mitral posterior foi 6,97 ± 0,13 cm. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados nos períodos pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato (POI), 6 meses e 1 ano após a plastia mitral. A ecocardiografia tridimensional avaliou a morfologia do anel mitral através das medidas do anel anterior e posterior, dos diâmetros transversos e da área valvar. A função anular foi avaliada pela relação entre as áreas valvares internas durante a sístole e diástole. Foram avaliados os volumes e a função do átrio e do ventrículo esquerdos. Foi utilizado teste de análise de variância de medidas repetidas para o estudo estatístico, sendo considerado estatisticamente significante p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: O anel mitral posterior demonstrou uma redução significativa (p<0,001) no POI, que manteve-se estável durante o estudo. Não houve variação significativa na área valvar durante o estudo. Houve uma redução significativa nos diâmetros ântero-posterior e médio-lateral no POI (p<0,001), porém houve um aumento significativo no diâmetro médio-lateral entre POI e 1 ano. A fração de variação do anel mitral durante o ciclo cardíaco, ao longo do estudo, variou entre 30,92 e 35,75%, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante. A análise dos volumes sistólicos, atrial e ventricular, demonstrou uma redução volumétrica significativa entre POI e 1 ano (p=0,028 e p=0,020, respectivamente). Entre o pré-operatório e 1 ano, houve uma redução média de 19,9% e 15,4% nos volumes atrial e ventricular, respectivamente. Os volumes diastólicos atrial e ventricular apresentaram uma redução significativa no POI (p<0,001 e p=0,024, respectivamente), permanecendo estáveis ao longo do estudo. Houve aumento na fração de ejeção do átrio esquerdo após 6 meses (p<0,001), porém não houve variação na função ventricular esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: A plastia mitral com a anuloplastia segmentar pela técnica do Duplo Teflon reduziu o anel posterior da valva mitral, que permaneceu estável no período de um ano. A variação da área anular mitral durante o ciclo cardíaco permaneceu estável durante o estudo. Além disso, houve um remodelamento reverso atrial e ventricular esquerdo, associado à melhora na função do átrio esquerdo / INTRODUCTION: Mitral valve repair is the treatment of choice to correct mixomatous mitral insufficiency. Tridimensional echocardiography studies demonstrate that mitral repair using prosthetic ring implant modifies mitral valve annulus morphology and function, although the literature related to mitral valve annulus behavior after mitral repair without use of prosthetic rings is scarce. OBJECTIVE: Analyze cardiac morphology and function using real time tridimensional echocardiography in individuals submitted to mitral valve repair with Double Teflon technique. CASUISTIC: Were included 14 patients with mitral valve insufficiency secondary to mixomatous degeneration that were submitted to mitral valve repair with the Double Teflon technique. Of them, 10 patients were male and the mean age was 61.3 ± 11.2 years. According to preoperatively functional class, 13 patients were in class III or IV. In preoperative echocardiographic analysis, the mean value of left ventricle end diastolic volume was 156.57 ± 46.61ml, and the left ventricle ejection fraction ranged between 38 and 68%, with average of 57.93 ± 6.67%. The mean value of the posterior annulus was 6.97 ± 0.13 cm. METHODS: Patients were evaluated in preoperative period, immediate postoperative period, 6 months and 1 year after mitral repair. Tridimensional echocardiography evaluated mitral annulus morphology by anterior and posterior measurements, transverse diameters and valve area. The annular function was evaluated through the ratio between internal valve areas during systole and diastole. Were evaluated left atrial and ventricle volumes and function. Statistic analysis was made by repeated measures ANOVA test and was considered statistically significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: Posterior mitral annulus demonstrated a significant reduction in immediate postoperative period (p<0.001), remaining stable during the study. There was no significant variation in valve area during the study. There was a significant reduction in anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters in the immediate postoperative period (p<0.001), although there was a significant increase in mediolateral diameter between immediate postoperative period and 1 year. Annular area variation over the cardiac cycle during the study ranged between 30.92 and 35.75%, without statistic significance. The analysis of systolic volumes, atrial and ventricular, demonstrated a significant volumetric reduction between immediate postoperative period and 1 year (p=0.028 and p=0.020, respectively). Between preoperative period and 1 year, there was a mean reduction in atrial and ventricle volumes of 19.9% and 15.4%, respectively. Atrial and ventricle diastolic volumes presented a significant reduction in immediate postoperative period (p<0.001 and p=0.024, respectively), remaining stable during the study. There was an increase in left atrial ejection fraction after 6 months (p<0.001), although there was no significant variation in left ventricle ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair with segmentar annuloplasty with the Double Teflon technique reduced the posterior mitral annulus, which remained stable in 1 year period. The variation in mitral annulus area during cardiac cycle remained stable during the study. Furthermore, there was a left atrial and ventricle reverse remodeling, associated with an improvement in left atrial function

Os prolapsos dos órgãos pélvicos (POP) apresentam alta prevalência na população feminina, causando um grande impacto social e econômico negativo. Cerca de 11,1% das mulheres aos 80 anos têm indicação para a cirurgia de reparação de POP ou incontinência urinária. Há evidências de que o tratamento conservador, especificamente o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) é eficaz na redução dos sintomas do POP. No entanto, a literatura é escassa e controversa em relação à efetividade em associar-se o TMAP a procedimento cirúrgico quando há indicação cirúrgica. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia em associar-se o TMAP a procedimento cirúrgico para correção de POP em relação aos seus sintomas. Os objetivos secundários foram verificar a capacidade de contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP), a intensidade da contração voluntária máxima (CVM) dos MAP, percepção de melhora, a qualidade de vida, e função sexual. Foi conduzido um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado com 96 mulheres com indicação médica para a cirurgia de reparação de POP em estágios II, III e IV alocadas em dois grupos: 48 no grupo submetido ao TMAP e 48 no grupo controle. O TMAP foi realizado em quatro sessões supervisionadas pré-cirúrgicas e sete sessões no pós-operatório. Todas as voluntárias foram avaliadas em três momentos: 15 dias antes da cirurgia e 40 e 90 dias após a cirurgia. O desfecho primário foi avaliado por meio do \"Questionário de desconforto no assoalho pélvico\" (PFDI-20) e os secundários por meio da Escala de Oxford Modificada, perineometria, \"Escala de impressão clínica global de melhora\" (PGI-I) \"Questionário de impacto no assoalho pélvico\" (PFIQ-7) e \"Questionário sexual para incontinência urinária e prolapso de órgãos pélvicos\" (PSIQ-12). Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva por meio de frequências e porcentagens. Utilizou-se o teste t Student para verificar a diferença entre as médias dos dois grupos. Já o teste qui-quadrado para testar a diferença entre as proporções nas respostas dos dois grupos. Um modelo de regressão linear misto foi utilizado para verificar o efeito do tempo e dos grupos em relação aos desfechos. O nível de significância adotado foi p<=0,05. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na sintomatologia após o seguimento. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre eles (4,3 IC 95%-14,4 a 23,2, p=0,65). Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na capacidade de contração dos MAP. Após 3 meses, a diferença entre os grupos em relação CVM foi -0,8 (IC 95% -8,1 a 6,4, p=0,81), em relação à percepção de melhora foi 0,4 (IC 95% -0,09 a 0,8, p=0,01), à qualidade de vida foi 2,7 (IC 95% -19,5 a 24,9, p=0,81) e em relação à função sexual -1,6 (IC 95% -7,6 a 4,4, p=0,59). Este estudo não demonstrou benefício adicional do TMAP em relação à sintomatologia de POP, capacidade de contração dos MAP, CVM dos MAP, qualidade de vida e função sexual. Entretanto, o grupo que recebeu o TMAP apresentou maior percepção de melhora / Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has a high prevalence in the female population, causing a great negative social and economic impact. It is estimated that about 11.1% of women at age 80 are eligible for POP repair surgery or urinary incontinence. There is evidence that conservative treatment, specifically pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), is effective in reducing POP symptoms. However, the literature is scarce and controversial regarding the effectiveness in associating PFMT with a surgical procedure when there is a surgical indication. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in associating PFMT to a POP surgery in relation to its symptoms. The secondary purposes were to verify the capacity of pelvic floor muscles\' contraction (PFM), the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the PFM, perception of improvement, quality of life and sexual function. A randomised controlled trial with 96 women with a medical indication for POP repair surgery in stage II, III and IV was conducted in two groups: 48 in the TMAP and 48 in control group. TMAP was performed in four supervised preoperative sessions and seven postoperative sessions. All volunteers were evaluated in three moments: 15 days before surgery and 40 and 90 days after surgery. The primary outcome was assessed using the \"Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory\" (PFDI-20) and the secondary endpoints using the \"Modified Oxford Scale\", perineometry, \"Patient Global Impression of Improvement\" (PGI-I), \"Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire\" (PFIQ-7) and \"Sexual Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence /Pelvic Organ Prolapse\" (PSIQ- 12) and. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages. Student\'s test was used to verify the difference between the means in the groups. The chi-square test was performed to test the hypothesis whether there was a difference between the proportions of responses in both groups. A mixed linear regression model was used to verify the effect of time and groups on outcomes. The level of significance was set at p<=0.05. Both groups presented improvement in the symptomatology after the follow-up. However, there was no significant difference between them (4.3 95% CI -14.4 to 23.2, p=0.65). Both groups showed improvement in PFM contraction. After 3 months, the difference between groups in relation to MVC was -0.8 (95% CI -8.1 to 6.4, p=0.81), in relation to the perception of improvement was 0.4 (95% CI -0.09 to 0.8, p = 0.01), in relation to the quality of life was 2.7 (95%CI, p=0.81) and in relation to sexual function -1.6 (95% CI -7.6 to 4.4, p = 0.59) and This study did not demonstrated the additional benefit of PFMT on POP symptoms, PFM contraction, MVC, quality of life and sexual function. However, the group that received TMAP showed a greater perception of improvement

INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunções do assoalho pélvico incluem uma variedade de condições interrelacionadas, tais como prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP) e distúrbios urinários e defecatórios. Comumente, tais afecções são concomitantes, o que pode causar incômodo de forma significativa. Inúmeros questionários com foco nessas disfunções têm sido desenvolvidos e estão sendo utilizados em pesquisas, fornecendo informações importantes; porém, como geralmente possuem múltiplos itens, são muito complexos para serem utilizados na prática clínica. O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" (PFBQ) foi delineado de forma a simplificar a identificação e o grau de incômodo relacionados a problemas comuns do assoalho pélvico, podendo ser usado na prática diária e para fins de pesquisa. Trata-se de um questionário de nove itens que avalia sintomas relacionados à incontinência urinária, urgência e frequência urinárias, dificuldade miccional, prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, evacuação obstruída, incontinência fecal e dispareunia. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos foram validar uma versão do PFBQ adaptada para o português, assim como adapta-lo culturalmente para a língua portuguesa brasileira, atualizá-lo, e avaliar suas propriedades: confiabilidade, validade e capacidade de detectar mudanças. MÉTODOS: O PFBQ foi traduzido para o português (\"Forward Translation\") por dois tradutores independentes (sendo um deles um tradutor juramentado). Após consenso, essa versão foi traduzida para o inglês (\"Backward Translation\") por um terceiro tradutor independente. O questionário foi então testado por profissionais da saúde e em uma amostragem de 10 pacientes. Após estas etapas, a versão final do questionário foi obtida. Testes de validade foram então aplicados: confiabilidade interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade dos itens e capacidade de resposta às mudanças. O PFBQ foi correlacionado com dados obtidos durante a anamnese, diários miccional e defecatório e exame pélvico, incluindo o \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q). Para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste, cada paciente respondeu o PFBQ dentro de 1 semana a 10 dias. A capacidade de resposta às mudanças foi avaliada nas pacientes que completaram o questionário antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Entre fevereiro de 2014 e agosto de 2015, foram incluídas no estudo 147 pacientes com média de idade de 60,49 anos. As principais queixas foram: 12,2% incontinência urinária de esforço, 19% incontinência urinária mista, 6,1% perda urinária por urgência, 26,5% incontinência fecal, 18,4% evacuação obstruída e 17,7% POP (estádio 3 ou 4). O PFBQ demonstrou boa confiabilidade ( = 0,625, ICC = 0,981). Cada item do questionário apresentou concordância quase perfeita entre as avaliações (k = 0,895-1,00). O PFBQ correlacionou-se com o estadiamento do prolapso (p < 0,01), número de episódios de incontinência urinária e fecal (? = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001) e evacuação obstruída (p = 0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" em português é uma ferramenta confiável e válida que pode ser utilizada para a identificação e avaliação da gravidade/incômodo de vários sintomas do assoalho pélvico / INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor disorders include a variety of interrelated conditions, such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and urinary and defecatory dysfunction. Commonly, patients have concomitant pelvic disorders, which can significantly cause distress. Numerous surveys focusing on pelvic floor abnormalities have been developed and are being used, mainly in research settings. These instruments are mostly multi-item, and despite providing a rich source of information, are thus difficult to use in a clinical setting. Shorter questionnaires have been also validated, although most of them are specific for each disorder. Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) was designed to identify the presence and degree of bother related to common pelvic floor problems, and can be used in clinical practice and for research purposes. It is a nine-item questionnaire that includes symptoms and bother related to urinary incontinence, urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructed defecation, fecal incontinence, and dyspareunia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to update and validate a cross-culturally adapted version of the PFBQ in Portuguese. METHODS Translation and validation of the PFBQ was performed as follows: After conceptual analysis of the original questionnaire in English, the PFBQ was translated into Portuguese (\"Forward Translation\") by two independent translators (one certified translator). After a consensus was obtained, this version of the questionnaire was translated back into English (\"Backward Translation\") by an independent translator. The questionnaire was pilot tested on health care professionals and on 10 patients who were questioned about form and clarity of the questions. The final version of the questionnaire was obtained. Validity tests were then applied and included internal reliability, test-retest reliability, validity of the items and responsiveness to change. PFBQ was correlated with a structured clinical interview, bladder and fecal diaries and pelvic exam, including \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q) examination. To assess test-retest reliability, each patient fulfilled a second copy of the PFBQ within 7 to 10 days. Responsiveness to change was accessed in patients who completed the questionnaire before and after treatment. RESULTS A total of 147 patients of a mean age 60,49 years were enrolled in the study between February 2014 and August 2015. Chief complains were as follows: 12,2% of patients had stress urinary incontinence, 19% mixed urinary incontinence, 6,1% detrusor instability, 26,5% fecal incontinence, 18,4% obstructed defecation and 17,7% had POP (stage 3 or 4). PFBQ demonstrated good reliability (alpha = 0,625; ICC = 0,981). There was a strong agreement beyond chance observed for each question (k = 0,895-1,00). PFBQ correlated with stage of prolapse (p < 0,01), number of urinary and fecal incontinence episodes ( = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001), and obstructed defecation ( p =0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The PFBQ is a reliable and valid tool that can be easily used for the identification and severity/bother assessment of various pelvic floor symptoms

INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunções do assoalho pélvico incluem uma variedade de condições interrelacionadas, tais como prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP) e distúrbios urinários e defecatórios. Comumente, tais afecções são concomitantes, o que pode causar incômodo de forma significativa. Inúmeros questionários com foco nessas disfunções têm sido desenvolvidos e estão sendo utilizados em pesquisas, fornecendo informações importantes; porém, como geralmente possuem múltiplos itens, são muito complexos para serem utilizados na prática clínica. O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" (PFBQ) foi delineado de forma a simplificar a identificação e o grau de incômodo relacionados a problemas comuns do assoalho pélvico, podendo ser usado na prática diária e para fins de pesquisa. Trata-se de um questionário de nove itens que avalia sintomas relacionados à incontinência urinária, urgência e frequência urinárias, dificuldade miccional, prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, evacuação obstruída, incontinência fecal e dispareunia. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos foram validar uma versão do PFBQ adaptada para o português, assim como adapta-lo culturalmente para a língua portuguesa brasileira, atualizá-lo, e avaliar suas propriedades: confiabilidade, validade e capacidade de detectar mudanças. MÉTODOS: O PFBQ foi traduzido para o português (\"Forward Translation\") por dois tradutores independentes (sendo um deles um tradutor juramentado). Após consenso, essa versão foi traduzida para o inglês (\"Backward Translation\") por um terceiro tradutor independente. O questionário foi então testado por profissionais da saúde e em uma amostragem de 10 pacientes. Após estas etapas, a versão final do questionário foi obtida. Testes de validade foram então aplicados: confiabilidade interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade dos itens e capacidade de resposta às mudanças. O PFBQ foi correlacionado com dados obtidos durante a anamnese, diários miccional e defecatório e exame pélvico, incluindo o \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q). Para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste, cada paciente respondeu o PFBQ dentro de 1 semana a 10 dias. A capacidade de resposta às mudanças foi avaliada nas pacientes que completaram o questionário antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Entre fevereiro de 2014 e agosto de 2015, foram incluídas no estudo 147 pacientes com média de idade de 60,49 anos. As principais queixas foram: 12,2% incontinência urinária de esforço, 19% incontinência urinária mista, 6,1% perda urinária por urgência, 26,5% incontinência fecal, 18,4% evacuação obstruída e 17,7% POP (estádio 3 ou 4). O PFBQ demonstrou boa confiabilidade ( = 0,625, ICC = 0,981). Cada item do questionário apresentou concordância quase perfeita entre as avaliações (k = 0,895-1,00). O PFBQ correlacionou-se com o estadiamento do prolapso (p < 0,01), número de episódios de incontinência urinária e fecal (? = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001) e evacuação obstruída (p = 0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" em português é uma ferramenta confiável e válida que pode ser utilizada para a identificação e avaliação da gravidade/incômodo de vários sintomas do assoalho pélvico / INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor disorders include a variety of interrelated conditions, such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and urinary and defecatory dysfunction. Commonly, patients have concomitant pelvic disorders, which can significantly cause distress. Numerous surveys focusing on pelvic floor abnormalities have been developed and are being used, mainly in research settings. These instruments are mostly multi-item, and despite providing a rich source of information, are thus difficult to use in a clinical setting. Shorter questionnaires have been also validated, although most of them are specific for each disorder. Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) was designed to identify the presence and degree of bother related to common pelvic floor problems, and can be used in clinical practice and for research purposes. It is a nine-item questionnaire that includes symptoms and bother related to urinary incontinence, urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructed defecation, fecal incontinence, and dyspareunia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to update and validate a cross-culturally adapted version of the PFBQ in Portuguese. METHODS Translation and validation of the PFBQ was performed as follows: After conceptual analysis of the original questionnaire in English, the PFBQ was translated into Portuguese (\"Forward Translation\") by two independent translators (one certified translator). After a consensus was obtained, this version of the questionnaire was translated back into English (\"Backward Translation\") by an independent translator. The questionnaire was pilot tested on health care professionals and on 10 patients who were questioned about form and clarity of the questions. The final version of the questionnaire was obtained. Validity tests were then applied and included internal reliability, test-retest reliability, validity of the items and responsiveness to change. PFBQ was correlated with a structured clinical interview, bladder and fecal diaries and pelvic exam, including \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q) examination. To assess test-retest reliability, each patient fulfilled a second copy of the PFBQ within 7 to 10 days. Responsiveness to change was accessed in patients who completed the questionnaire before and after treatment. RESULTS A total of 147 patients of a mean age 60,49 years were enrolled in the study between February 2014 and August 2015. Chief complains were as follows: 12,2% of patients had stress urinary incontinence, 19% mixed urinary incontinence, 6,1% detrusor instability, 26,5% fecal incontinence, 18,4% obstructed defecation and 17,7% had POP (stage 3 or 4). PFBQ demonstrated good reliability (alpha = 0,625; ICC = 0,981). There was a strong agreement beyond chance observed for each question (k = 0,895-1,00). PFBQ correlated with stage of prolapse (p < 0,01), number of urinary and fecal incontinence episodes ( = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001), and obstructed defecation ( p =0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The PFBQ is a reliable and valid tool that can be easily used for the identification and severity/bother assessment of various pelvic floor symptoms

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / SÃndrome de DefecaÃÃo ObstruÃda (SDO) pode ser produzida por alteraÃÃo funcional (anismus) ou por alteraÃÃes anatÃmicas, especialmente retocele e prolapso mucoso retal. VÃrias tÃcnicas cirÃrgicas vÃm sendo utilizadas no tratamento da retocele, com vias de acesso transvaginal, perineal ou transanal, aquelas mais utilizadas por ginecologistas e a transanal por coloproctologistas, isto em funÃÃo das pacientes recorrerem a especialistas diferentes, dependendo da predominÃncia dos sintomas, sendo apresentados resultados semelhantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados do tratamento cirÃrgico de pacientes portadoras de SDO por retocele e prolapso mucoso retal, submetidas à ressecÃÃo transanal da retocele e mucosectomia com um grampeador (procedimento âTRREMSâ. Foram avaliadas 35 pacientes, sendo uma nulÃpara e as demais multÃparas, com idade mÃdia de 47,5 Â10,83 anos (31 â 67), portadoras de retocele e prolapso mucoso retal interno, sendo 13 (37,10%) com grau II e 22 (62,90%) com grau III. Os parÃmetros avaliados foram os escores de defecaÃÃo obstruÃda e de constipaÃÃo, o Ãndice funcional para continÃncia assim como a avaliaÃÃo da dor, satisfaÃÃo com o resultado e com a funÃÃo sexual e realizaÃÃo de defecografia no prà e no pÃs-operatÃrio. O escore mÃdio de SDO de 10,63 no prÃ-operatÃrio reduziu significativamente para 2,91 no pÃs-operatÃrio (p = 0,000). O escore mÃdio de constipaÃÃo de 15,23 no prÃ-operatÃrio reduziu significativamente para 4,46 no pÃs-operatÃrio (p = 0,000). O Ãndice funcional mÃdio para continÃncia, de 2,77 no prÃ-operatÃrio reduziu significativamente para 1,71 no pÃs-operatÃrio (p = 0,000). A dor no primeiro dia pÃs-operatÃrio, avaliada atravÃs da escala visual analÃgica (EVA) apresentou valor mÃdio de 5,23 reduzindo para 1,20 no oitavo dia (p = 0,000). A satisfaÃÃo com o resultado do tratamento, avaliada tambÃm atravÃs da EVA, ao final do primeiro mÃs foi 79,97, no terceiro 86,54, no sexto 87,65 e no dÃcimo segundo 88,06. TambÃm se obteve elevaÃÃo significativa, entre os valores mÃdios de 42,91 no prÃ-operatÃrio e 70,41 no sexto mÃs de pÃs-operatÃrio, para a satisfaÃÃo sexual avaliada atravÃs da EVA (p = 0,000). A defecografia demonstrou reduÃÃo significativa do tamanho mÃdio da retocele de 19,23 mm  8,84 (3 â 42) para 6,68 mm  3,65 (0 â 17) na fase de repouso e de 34,89 mm  12,30 (20 â 70) para 10,94 mm  5,97 (0 â 25) na fase evacuatÃria quando comparado o prà com o pÃs-operatÃrio (p = 0,000) (P=0,000) respectivamente. Procedimento âTRREMSâ à uma tÃcnica segura, eficiente e produziu resultados anatÃmicos e funcionais satisfatÃrios e nÃveis reduzidos de complicaÃÃes pÃs-operatÃrias / Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) can be induced by functional changes (anismus) or anatomical abnormalities, especially rectocele and rectal mucosal prolapse (RMP). Several surgical techniques with transvaginal, perineal or transanal access have been used in the treatment of rectocele. The first two are more commonly used by gynecologists, the last one is favored by proctologists. Depending on the prevalence of symptoms, patients may go to either specialist with the same result. The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and functional evaluation of patients submitted to the TRREMS procedure (transanal repair of rectocele and rectal mucosectomy with a single circular stapler) as treatment for ODS caused by rectocele and RMP. The study included 35 female patients (34 of whom multiparous) aged 47.5Â10.83 years (31â67) diagnosed with ODS caused by RMP-associated rectocele grade II (n=13; 37.1%) or grade III (n=22; 62.9%). The study parameters included SDO and constipation scores, functional continence index, sexual function and treatment outcome satisfaction and pre- and postoperative defecographic measures. The average preoperative ODS score (10.63) was significantly reduced after surgery (2.91) (p=0.000). The average constipation score fell from 15.23 to 4.46 (p=0.000). The average functional continence score decreased from 2.77 to 1.71 (p=0.000). Between the first and the eighth postoperative day, the average visual analog scale pain score fell from 5.23 to 1.20 (p=0.000). Using the same scale, satisfaction with the treatment outcome was 79.97, 86.54, 87.65 and 88.06 at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively, and the average sexual function satisfaction was 42.91 (19â70) and 70.41 (39â97) before and after surgery, respectively (p=0.000). On defecography, average reductions in rectocele size were from 19.23Â8.84 mm (3â42) to 6.68Â3.65 mm (0â17) at rest and from 34.89Â12.30 mm (20â70) to 10.94Â5.97 mm (0â25) during evacuation (both p=0.000). The TRREMS procedure is a safe, efficient technique associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional results and reduced levels of postoperative pain and complications.

Purpose To evaluate the pelvic floor health knowledge base and presence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women working in an office environment, and whether this knowledge significantly increases following a pelvic floor health education session and a re-education session. To assess whether this knowledge-acquisition leads to significant decrease in PFD. Participants Female volunteers (N=161), ages 18-69 years, were randomly allocated to Groups A, B or C. Methods Online surveys were completed by all groups on three occasions and included validated tools (Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7) plus sexual function and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercise items. On completion of the baseline survey, an education session was given to Groups A and B only (Group C represented the controls). Following this, all participants completed the second survey. Two months later, to allow time for efficacy for the PFM exercises, a re-education presentation was given to Group A only, followed by the final survey administered to all. Analysis Of the 161 volunteers, 16 failed to complete all study requirements, leaving 145 questionnaires (Groups A and B n=48, Group C n=49) available for analysis using ANOVA and Descriptive Analysis. Results The knowledge base of the participants receiving the education showed highly significant improvement compared to the control group, and again for those receiving the re-education session. Although only 14% stated that they had PFD, the surveys revealed that 96% of the participants had PFD. The groups receiving the PFM exercise education and strategies to encourage healthier bladder and bowel habits showed significant decrease in PFD symptoms and increase in QoL. Education was successful in producing highly significant increases in knowledge, importance and commitment toward PFM exercise. Conclusion This study is unique as it evaluated pelvic floor health knowledge and presence of PFD of presumably healthy women within an office setting in contrast to patients seeking PFD medical attention. While further research is required, it is clear that low pelvic floor health knowledge was associated with high prevalence of PFD. Further, as knowledge/awareness significantly increased following education, so did QoL, while PFD significantly decreased.

Purpose To evaluate the pelvic floor health knowledge base and presence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women working in an office environment, and whether this knowledge significantly increases following a pelvic floor health education session and a re-education session. To assess whether this knowledge-acquisition leads to significant decrease in PFD. Participants Female volunteers (N=161), ages 18-69 years, were randomly allocated to Groups A, B or C. Methods Online surveys were completed by all groups on three occasions and included validated tools (Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quiz, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7) plus sexual function and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercise items. On completion of the baseline survey, an education session was given to Groups A and B only (Group C represented the controls). Following this, all participants completed the second survey. Two months later, to allow time for efficacy for the PFM exercises, a re-education presentation was given to Group A only, followed by the final survey administered to all. Analysis Of the 161 volunteers, 16 failed to complete all study requirements, leaving 145 questionnaires (Groups A and B n=48, Group C n=49) available for analysis using ANOVA and Descriptive Analysis. Results The knowledge base of the participants receiving the education showed highly significant improvement compared to the control group, and again for those receiving the re-education session. Although only 14% stated that they had PFD, the surveys revealed that 96% of the participants had PFD. The groups receiving the PFM exercise education and strategies to encourage healthier bladder and bowel habits showed significant decrease in PFD symptoms and increase in QoL. Education was successful in producing highly significant increases in knowledge, importance and commitment toward PFM exercise. Conclusion This study is unique as it evaluated pelvic floor health knowledge and presence of PFD of presumably healthy women within an office setting in contrast to patients seeking PFD medical attention. While further research is required, it is clear that low pelvic floor health knowledge was associated with high prevalence of PFD. Further, as knowledge/awareness significantly increased following education, so did QoL, while PFD significantly decreased.